Adolf Hempt
Encyclopedia
Dr. Adolf Hempt is the founder of the Pasteur Institute
in Novi Sad
, Serbia
. He stabilized Pasteur
's vaccine
against rabies
so that it could be distributed to distant places. His method of producing vaccines were used in all Central Europe
an countries, and vaccine against rabies was produced according to his technology until 1989.
Hempt was born on the 21st of September 1874 in Novi Sad (then under the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy) as son of a Belgian
Protestant
missionary
and Katarina Tewely origination from Budapest
. The family soon moved to Sarajevo
where he finished his primary studies. As the family was not enough wealthy for paying his studies he started studying medicine in Graz and Munich as military medic. Earned his medical diploma on the University of Graz
in 1898. As an aspirant medic he started working in the same year in Vienna
in the First Garrison Hospital. After that he was moved to a cavalry garrison next to Vienna. During this he married Maria Winkler in 1903. His first son was born also here in 1904. After demobilization they moved to Lukavac, where ha worked as a doctor. In Bosnia he gained experience in trying to heal different diseases including rabies. In that time Pasteur Institutes were established in Belgrade, Budapest and Niš, but most of the people were not traveling to these cities, and the existing vaccination was not transportable. During World War I
he was a commander of a hospital in Trieste
. After that he worked in Bosnia
, and in 1921 he returned to Novi Sad accepting the invitation of the Serbian Minister of Health Andrija Štampar
. Here he founded a Pasteur Institute and became the first director of the same. The institute was producing Pasteur's vaccine against rabies, and provided information to the people about prevention.
Dr. Hempt published his modifications to the vaccine against rabies in 1925, which was accepted on a medical conference in Paris
in 1927. After that the vaccine were produced according his technology all around Europe. This so called inactive or "dead vaccines" were produced in Europe to the end of 80s, and are still used in India
and some developing countries.
He died in 1943 in Novi Sad where he is buried in the old Protestant graveyard. A memorial tablet in his memory was erected in the Pasteur Institute in his remembrance. For his work he was rewarded with the medal of St Sava. Since 2002 the street where his family house was is named after him, Dr Hempt street..
's. Its longer lasting ability helped in the transportation over distances,
saving many lives of humans and animals. The vaccine was produced all over Europe from 1925 to the end of the '80s, when it was replaced by modern tissue based vaccines. After creation of the new vaccine based on duck embryo, the Tropical Institute in Hamburg
proved Hempt's vaccine still to be better, in regards of local and general reactions and number of antibodies.
Dr Imre Lentai on the symposium about rabies in 2001 in Novi Sad presented the fact, that no person vaccinated in Hungary
with Hempt's vaccine was diagnosed with rabies.
The vaccine was developed in Novi Sad in the beginning of the 1920s. He handled the invention as public knowledge from the beginning. Dr Hempt took major part in publishing and education to prevent spreading of the disease.
After the formulation of the vaccine he was in Paris, where he published the results in 1925 in on of the most known medical journal the Analima.
According to this method the vaccination took only 6 days instead of 14–21 days of the existing methods. The other advantage was that this vaccination contained only dead viruses with sustained immunogens. Because of this, the vaccine was safe and able to be transported in glass ampules, and was also easy to use. Pasteur Institutes before that were preparing fresh vaccines, and customizing them to each patient.
Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who made some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine at the time, including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax...
in Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
. He stabilized Pasteur
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccine for rabies and anthrax. His experiments...
's vaccine
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins...
against rabies
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...
so that it could be distributed to distant places. His method of producing vaccines were used in all Central Europe
Central Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
an countries, and vaccine against rabies was produced according to his technology until 1989.
Hempt was born on the 21st of September 1874 in Novi Sad (then under the Austro-Hungarian
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
monarchy) as son of a Belgian
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
Protestant
Protestantism
Protestantism is one of the three major groupings within Christianity. It is a movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in regards to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology.The doctrines of the...
missionary
Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin...
and Katarina Tewely origination from Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
. The family soon moved to Sarajevo
Sarajevo
Sarajevo |Bosnia]], surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans....
where he finished his primary studies. As the family was not enough wealthy for paying his studies he started studying medicine in Graz and Munich as military medic. Earned his medical diploma on the University of Graz
University of Graz
The University of Graz , a university located in Graz, Austria, is the second-largest and second-oldest university in Austria....
in 1898. As an aspirant medic he started working in the same year in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
in the First Garrison Hospital. After that he was moved to a cavalry garrison next to Vienna. During this he married Maria Winkler in 1903. His first son was born also here in 1904. After demobilization they moved to Lukavac, where ha worked as a doctor. In Bosnia he gained experience in trying to heal different diseases including rabies. In that time Pasteur Institutes were established in Belgrade, Budapest and Niš, but most of the people were not traveling to these cities, and the existing vaccination was not transportable. During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
he was a commander of a hospital in Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
. After that he worked in Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
, and in 1921 he returned to Novi Sad accepting the invitation of the Serbian Minister of Health Andrija Štampar
Andrija Štampar
Andrija Štampar was a distinguished scholar in the field of social medicine from Croatia.-Education:...
. Here he founded a Pasteur Institute and became the first director of the same. The institute was producing Pasteur's vaccine against rabies, and provided information to the people about prevention.
Dr. Hempt published his modifications to the vaccine against rabies in 1925, which was accepted on a medical conference in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
in 1927. After that the vaccine were produced according his technology all around Europe. This so called inactive or "dead vaccines" were produced in Europe to the end of 80s, and are still used in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
and some developing countries.
He died in 1943 in Novi Sad where he is buried in the old Protestant graveyard. A memorial tablet in his memory was erected in the Pasteur Institute in his remembrance. For his work he was rewarded with the medal of St Sava. Since 2002 the street where his family house was is named after him, Dr Hempt street..
Contribution to medicine
Hempt's vaccine against rabies was the successor of PasteurPasteur
Pasteur could refer to* Louis Pasteur , French chemist and microbiologist who invented:**Pasteurization**The pasteur pipette, both named after him-Things and places named after Louis Pasteur:* Pasteur Institute* Pasteur point, level of oxygen...
's. Its longer lasting ability helped in the transportation over distances,
saving many lives of humans and animals. The vaccine was produced all over Europe from 1925 to the end of the '80s, when it was replaced by modern tissue based vaccines. After creation of the new vaccine based on duck embryo, the Tropical Institute in Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
proved Hempt's vaccine still to be better, in regards of local and general reactions and number of antibodies.
Dr Imre Lentai on the symposium about rabies in 2001 in Novi Sad presented the fact, that no person vaccinated in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
with Hempt's vaccine was diagnosed with rabies.
The vaccine was developed in Novi Sad in the beginning of the 1920s. He handled the invention as public knowledge from the beginning. Dr Hempt took major part in publishing and education to prevent spreading of the disease.
After the formulation of the vaccine he was in Paris, where he published the results in 1925 in on of the most known medical journal the Analima.
According to this method the vaccination took only 6 days instead of 14–21 days of the existing methods. The other advantage was that this vaccination contained only dead viruses with sustained immunogens. Because of this, the vaccine was safe and able to be transported in glass ampules, and was also easy to use. Pasteur Institutes before that were preparing fresh vaccines, and customizing them to each patient.