Adolphe-Marie Gubler
Encyclopedia
Adolphe-Marie Gubler was a French physician and pharmacologist who was born in Metz
.
Originally a student of botany
, he began his medical studies in 1841 at Paris
, where he was a pupil of Armand Trousseau
(1801–1867). In 1845 he became an interne des hôpitaux, earning his doctorate in 1849. Afterwards he worked as a physician at the Hôpital Beaujon, and in 1853 earned his agrégation
with a thesis on cirrhosis
of the liver
. In 1868 he was appointed professor of therapy
to the medical faculty in Paris, maintaining this position until his death in 1879.
Gubler made numerous contributions in the fields of medicine and pharmacology. He is credited with being the first physician to differentiate between hemotogenous and hepatogenous icterus. His name is associated with Millard-Gubler syndrome
, a condition characterized by softening of the brain tissue caused by blockage of blood vessels of the pons
. This disease is named in conjunction with Auguste Louis Jules Millard (1830–1915), who initially described the disorder in 1855. The eponymous "Gubler's line" is a line of superficial origin of the trigeminal nerve
on the pons, a lesion
below which results in the aforementioned Millard-Gubler syndrome.
He was the author of many works on botany
, clinical medicine
, physiology
and pharmacology
, with several articles on the latter subject being published in Journal de thérapeutique. Among his better known publications was an 1856 work on hemiplegia
titled De l'hémiplégie alterne envisagée comme signe de lésion de la protubérance annulaire et comme preuve de la décussation des nerfs faciaux, and an important book involving pharmacopoeia
called Commentaires thérapeutiques du codex medicamentarius which was awarded the Chaussier Prize by the Académie des sciences.
Gubler was a founding member of the Société de biologie, and in 1865 became a member of the Académie de médecine
. While still an interne, he was asked by Dr. Trousseau to perform as a travelling companion to a young man who was suffering from emotional distress. While in Milan
, Gubler was seriously wounded by a gunshot from his companion, forcing him to spend a year recuperating in Milan.
Metz
Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...
.
Originally a student of botany
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
, he began his medical studies in 1841 at Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, where he was a pupil of Armand Trousseau
Armand Trousseau
Armand Trousseau was a French internist. His contributions to medicine include Trousseau sign of malignancy, Trousseau sign of latent tetany, Trousseau-Lallemand bodies , and the truism, "use new drugs quickly, while they still work."-Biography:A native of Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Armand Trousseau...
(1801–1867). In 1845 he became an interne des hôpitaux, earning his doctorate in 1849. Afterwards he worked as a physician at the Hôpital Beaujon, and in 1853 earned his agrégation
Agrégation
In France, the agrégation is a civil service competitive examination for some positions in the public education system. The laureates are known as agrégés...
with a thesis on cirrhosis
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue and regenerative nodules , leading to loss of liver function...
of the liver
Liver
The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
. In 1868 he was appointed professor of therapy
Therapy
This is a list of types of therapy .* Adventure therapy* Animal-assisted therapy* Aquatic therapy* Aromatherapy* Art and dementia* Art therapy* Authentic Movement* Behavioral therapy* Bibliotherapy* Buteyko Method* Chemotherapy...
to the medical faculty in Paris, maintaining this position until his death in 1879.
Gubler made numerous contributions in the fields of medicine and pharmacology. He is credited with being the first physician to differentiate between hemotogenous and hepatogenous icterus. His name is associated with Millard-Gubler syndrome
Millard-Gubler syndrome
-Presentation:Symptoms result from the functional loss of several anatomical structures of the pons, including the sixth and seventh cranial nerves and fibers of the corticospinal tract...
, a condition characterized by softening of the brain tissue caused by blockage of blood vessels of the pons
Pons
The pons is a structure located on the brain stem, named after the Latin word for "bridge" or the 16th-century Italian anatomist and surgeon Costanzo Varolio . It is superior to the medulla oblongata, inferior to the midbrain, and ventral to the cerebellum. In humans and other bipeds this means it...
. This disease is named in conjunction with Auguste Louis Jules Millard (1830–1915), who initially described the disorder in 1855. The eponymous "Gubler's line" is a line of superficial origin of the trigeminal nerve
Trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve contains both sensory and motor fibres. It is responsible for sensation in the face and certain motor functions such as biting, chewing, and swallowing. Sensory information from the face and body is processed by parallel pathways in the central nervous system...
on the pons, a lesion
Lesion
A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
below which results in the aforementioned Millard-Gubler syndrome.
He was the author of many works on botany
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
, clinical medicine
Clinical Medicine
Clinical Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal published bimonthly by the Royal College of Physicians. It was established in 1966 as the Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. It was doubly named between 1998 and 2000, and since 2001 it has appeared as Clinical Medicine. Its...
, physiology
Physiology
Physiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. The highest honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
and pharmacology
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function...
, with several articles on the latter subject being published in Journal de thérapeutique. Among his better known publications was an 1856 work on hemiplegia
Hemiplegia
Hemiplegia /he.mə.pliː.dʒiə/ is total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body. Hemiplegia is more severe than hemiparesis, wherein one half of the body has less marked weakness....
titled De l'hémiplégie alterne envisagée comme signe de lésion de la protubérance annulaire et comme preuve de la décussation des nerfs faciaux, and an important book involving pharmacopoeia
Pharmacopoeia
Pharmacopoeia, pharmacopeia, or pharmacopoea, , in its modern technical sense, is a book containing directions for the identification of samples and the preparation of compound medicines, and published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society.In a broader sense it is...
called Commentaires thérapeutiques du codex medicamentarius which was awarded the Chaussier Prize by the Académie des sciences.
Gubler was a founding member of the Société de biologie, and in 1865 became a member of the Académie de médecine
Académie Nationale de Médecine
Académie Nationale de Médecine, or National Academy of Medicine was created in 1820 by king Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal. At its inception, the institution was known as the Académie Royale de Médecine...
. While still an interne, he was asked by Dr. Trousseau to perform as a travelling companion to a young man who was suffering from emotional distress. While in Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, Gubler was seriously wounded by a gunshot from his companion, forcing him to spend a year recuperating in Milan.