Advokat
Encyclopedia
Advokat is the title reserved exclusively for lawyer
s who are duly authorized to practice law in the Scandinavia
n countries - Denmark
, Norway
, Sweden
and in the Baltic
countries - Estonia
, Latvia
and Lithuania
.
In Denmark they are appointed by Danish Department of Justice
, in Norway - by the Norwegian Supervisory Council for Legal Practice (no. Tillsynsrådet for advokatvirksomhet), in Sweden - by the Swedish Bar Association
and in Lithuania - by the Lithuanian Bar Association (lt. Lietuvos advokatūra). It is also the title in the Swedish language
reserved exclusively for lawyers who are duly authorised to practice law in Finland
by the Finnish Bar Association.
as Candidate of Law
followed by three years of employment with a law firm or other eligible institution. In recent years, candidates have also been required to undergo training and to pass a bar exam administered by Advokatsamfundet, the Danish Bar and Law Society.
To practice law as an advokat, the lawyer must maintain a current membership with the Danish Bar and Law Society, which supervises its approximately 4,800 members. Apart from paying annual dues to the association, an advokat must also adhere to its professional code of conduct, and may face disciplinary action as a consequence of conduct deemed unprofessional by Advokatnævnet, the Disciplinary Board.
As a result of legal reform implemented in recent years, there is no longer a monopoly held by those bearing the title advokat on providing most legal services in Denmark.
as Candidate of Law
, must be a person of integrity, must be at least 20 years of age, and must have practiced for two years. Only those authorized by the Supervisory Council are entitled to use the professional title advokat in Norway.
To a certain extent, there is a monopoly held by those bearing the title advokat on providing legal services in Norwegian courts of law.
as Candidate of Law
entitling the candidate to hold judicial office, must be a person of integrity and must have practiced for three years. A bar exam must also be passed. Only members of the bar association are entitled to use the professional title advokat in Sweden. The Swedish Bar Association has in excess of 4,400 members.
In principle, there is no monopoly held by those bearing the title advokat on providing legal services in Sweden.
: asianajaja). The Finnish Bar Association has about 1,570 members.
: advokatas) and to represent clients interests at courts. The Lithuanian Bar Association has about 1,700 members (as to the end of 2008).
Lawyer
A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person who is practicing law." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political...
s who are duly authorized to practice law in the Scandinavia
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
n countries - Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
and in the Baltic
Baltic states
The term Baltic states refers to the Baltic territories which gained independence from the Russian Empire in the wake of World War I: primarily the contiguous trio of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ; Finland also fell within the scope of the term after initially gaining independence in the 1920s.The...
countries - Estonia
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
, Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
and Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
.
In Denmark they are appointed by Danish Department of Justice
Ministry of Justice of Denmark
Ministry of Justice of Denmark is the Danish government ministry responsible for the general judicial system, including the police and the prosecution service, the courts of law, and prisons and the probation service...
, in Norway - by the Norwegian Supervisory Council for Legal Practice (no. Tillsynsrådet for advokatvirksomhet), in Sweden - by the Swedish Bar Association
Swedish Bar Association
The Swedish Bar Association or Sveriges advokatsamfund is an organisation for Swedish members of the Bar practicing law under the title of advokat , a title which is protected by law and reserved for members of the Association....
and in Lithuania - by the Lithuanian Bar Association (lt. Lietuvos advokatūra). It is also the title in the Swedish language
Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish...
reserved exclusively for lawyers who are duly authorised to practice law in Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
by the Finnish Bar Association.
Denmark
In Denmark authorization to practice as advokat traditionally required the candidate to graduate from law schoolLaw school
A law school is an institution specializing in legal education.- Law degrees :- Canada :...
as Candidate of Law
Candidate of Law
Candidate of Law is the degree awarded to jurists who have passed the law exam in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland after studying law for about 5–6 years....
followed by three years of employment with a law firm or other eligible institution. In recent years, candidates have also been required to undergo training and to pass a bar exam administered by Advokatsamfundet, the Danish Bar and Law Society.
To practice law as an advokat, the lawyer must maintain a current membership with the Danish Bar and Law Society, which supervises its approximately 4,800 members. Apart from paying annual dues to the association, an advokat must also adhere to its professional code of conduct, and may face disciplinary action as a consequence of conduct deemed unprofessional by Advokatnævnet, the Disciplinary Board.
As a result of legal reform implemented in recent years, there is no longer a monopoly held by those bearing the title advokat on providing most legal services in Denmark.
Norway
In Norway a candidate seeking permission to practice from the Supervisory Council is required to graduate from law schoolLaw school
A law school is an institution specializing in legal education.- Law degrees :- Canada :...
as Candidate of Law
Candidate of Law
Candidate of Law is the degree awarded to jurists who have passed the law exam in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland after studying law for about 5–6 years....
, must be a person of integrity, must be at least 20 years of age, and must have practiced for two years. Only those authorized by the Supervisory Council are entitled to use the professional title advokat in Norway.
To a certain extent, there is a monopoly held by those bearing the title advokat on providing legal services in Norwegian courts of law.
Sweden
In Sweden a candidate seeking admittance to the Swedish Bar Association is required to graduate from law schoolLaw school
A law school is an institution specializing in legal education.- Law degrees :- Canada :...
as Candidate of Law
Candidate of Law
Candidate of Law is the degree awarded to jurists who have passed the law exam in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland after studying law for about 5–6 years....
entitling the candidate to hold judicial office, must be a person of integrity and must have practiced for three years. A bar exam must also be passed. Only members of the bar association are entitled to use the professional title advokat in Sweden. The Swedish Bar Association has in excess of 4,400 members.
In principle, there is no monopoly held by those bearing the title advokat on providing legal services in Sweden.
Finland
Any lawyer applying for membership in the Finnish Bar Association must have completed a Master of Laws degree, entitling them to hold judicial office, and must be known to be a person of integrity. They also must have several years experience in the legal profession and other judicial duties. Only members of the bar association are entitled to use the Swedish language professional title advokat (in FinnishFinnish language
Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland Primarily for use by restaurant menus and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a...
: asianajaja). The Finnish Bar Association has about 1,570 members.
Lithuania
A candidate applying for membership in the Lithuanian Bar Association must have a Master degree of Laws, must be known to be a person of integrity and must have several years experience in the legal profession and other judicial duties. Only members of the bar association are entitled to use the professional title advokatas (in LithuanianLithuanian language
Lithuanian is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognized as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.96 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 170,000 abroad. Lithuanian is a Baltic language, closely related to Latvian, although they...
: advokatas) and to represent clients interests at courts. The Lithuanian Bar Association has about 1,700 members (as to the end of 2008).