African immigration to the United States

African immigration to the United States refers to the group of recent immigrants to the United States who are nationals of Africa

Emigration from Africa

There is significant migration from Africa to Europe.As of 2007, there were an estimated seven million African migrants living in OECD countries. Of these, about half are of North African origin, mostly residing in France, Italy, Belgium, Spain and the Netherlands, while the other half are of...

. The term African in the scope of this article refers to geographical or national

Nationality

Nationality is membership of a nation or sovereign state, usually determined by their citizenship, but sometimes by ethnicity or place of residence, or based on their sense of national identity....

origins rather than racial affiliation.

Since the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, an estimated total of 0.8 to 0.9 million Africans have immigrated to the United States, accounting for roughly 3.3% of total immigration to the United States

Immigration to the United States

Immigration to the United States has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States. The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding ethnicity, economic benefits, jobs for non-immigrants,...

during this period.

African immigrants in the United States come from a variety of milieus and do not constitute a homogeneous group. They include people from different national, ethnic, racial, cultural and social backgrounds.

As such, African immigrants to the U.S. are to be distinguished from Afro-American peoples of the Americas, the latter of whom are descendants of Black Africans

Black people

The term black people is used in systems of racial classification for humans of a dark skinned phenotype, relative to other racial groups.Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and often social variables such as class, socio-economic status also plays a...

that came to North America

North America

North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

by means of the historic Atlantic slave trade

Atlantic slave trade

The Atlantic slave trade, also known as the trans-atlantic slave trade, refers to the trade in slaves that took place across the Atlantic ocean from the sixteenth through to the nineteenth centuries...

Citizenship

In the 1870s the Naturalization Act was extended to allow "aliens, being free white persons and to aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent" to acquire citizenship. Hence immigration from Africa was theoretically permitted while immigration from Asia was not.

Quotas enacted between 1921-1924

Several laws enforcing national origins quotas on American immigration were enacted between 1921 and 1924 and were in effect until they were repealed in 1965. While these laws were aimed at restricting the immigration of Jews and Catholics from central and eastern Europe and immigration from Asia, they also impacted African immigrants. This legislation effectively excluded Africans from entering the country.

The Emergency Quota Act

Emergency Quota Act

The Emergency Quota Act, also known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921, the Per Centum Law, and the Johnson Quota Act restricted immigration into the United States...

of 1921 restricted immigration from a given country to 3% of the number of people from that country living in the U.S. according to the census of 1910. The Immigration Act of 1924 (also known as the Johnson-Reed Act) reduced that to 2 %of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890. Under this system, the quota for immigrants from Africa (excluding Egypt) totaled 1,100. (This number was increased to 1,400 under the Immigration act of 1952 or the McCarran-Walter Act.) This is in contrast to a country like Germany whose limit was 51,227.

Immigration Act of 1965

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (also known as the Hart-Cellar Act) repealed the national quotas and subsequently there was a substantial increase in the number of immigrants from “developing” countries, particularly in Africa and Asia. This act also provided a separate category for refugees. The Immigration Act of 1965 has also provided greater opportunity for family re-unification.

20th Century migration patterns

The influx of African immigrants began in latter part of the 20th century and is often referred to as the “fourth great migration.” This trend began after decolonization

Decolonization of Africa

The decolonization of Africa followed World War II as colonized peoples agitated for independence and colonial powers withdrew their administrators from Africa.-Background:...

, as many Africans came to the United States seeking an education, and has risen steadily over time. Originally, these immigrants came with the sole purpose of advancing themselves before returning to their respective countries. However, in recent years there has been an increase in the number of African immigrants interested in gaining permanent residence in the United States. This has led to a severe brain drain

Brain drain

Human capital flight, more commonly referred to as "brain drain", is the large-scale emigration of a large group of individuals with technical skills or knowledge. The reasons usually include two aspects which respectively come from countries and individuals...

on the economies of African countries due to many highly skilled professionals leaving Africa to seek their economic fortunes in the United States and elsewhere.

Population

African Immigrants (U.S.) Ancestries
Maps of American ancestries
The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of populations from around the world, some presumably extinct elsewhere...

in the 2000 US Census
United States Census, 2000
The Twenty-second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 persons enumerated during the 1990 Census...
Ancestry	1990	1990% of US population	2000	2000% of US population	Percent change from 1990 to 2000
Ethiopian Ethiopian American Ethiopian Americans are Americans of Ethiopian descent as well as those of American and Ethiopian ancestry.- History :The first known Ethiopians visited America in 1808, when merchants from Ethiopia arrived at New York’s famous Wall Street....		negligible (no data)		negligible (no data)	219.6%
Ghanaian	14,900	negligible (no data)	49,944	negligible (no data)	235.2
Nigerian Nigerian American Nigerian Americans are citizens of the United States of America who are or descend from immigrants from Nigeria. Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, approximately one million Nigerians have immigrated in to the United States....	15,300	negligible (no data)	65,481	negligible (no data)	168.8%
South African	15,690	negligible (no data)	45,569	negligible (no data)	190.4%
Other Other The Other or Constitutive Other is a key concept in continental philosophy; it opposes the Same. The Other refers, or attempts to refer, to that which is Other than the initial concept being considered...	136,910	negligible (no data)	292,088	negligible (no data)	113.3%
TOTAL	230,000	0.1%	940,000	0.2%	166.9%

Factors contributing to migration

One major factor that contributes to migration from Africa to the United States is inadequate planning of labor supply in certain African countries. This has led to an oversupply of specialized workers and a system that is incapable of supporting them. Furthermore, education in African countries tends to be modeled after educational systems in developed nations and are not very accommodating of local realities. Subsequently, it has been relatively easy for African immigrants to leave and enter international labor markets. In addition, many Africans come to the United States for advanced training. However, this tends to lead a training that is too specialized to be adequately used in their respective home countries. Furthermore, since promotions in Africa are often based on seniority, young professionals eager to jumpstart their careers feel forced to migrate.

Demographics

**Metros with largest African-born population (2000 Census)**
Metropolitan Area	African Population	% of Black total	% of Total Metro Population
Washington, DC, MD-VA-WV	80,281	6.1	1.6
New York, NY New York City New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...	73, 851	3.4	0.8
Atlanta, GA	34,302	2.9	0.8
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI	27,592	15.4	0.9
Greater Los Angeles Area Greater Los Angeles Area The Greater Los Angeles Area, or the Southland, is a term used for the Combined Statistical Area sprawled over five counties in the southern part of California, namely Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Bernardino County, Riverside County and Ventura County...	25,829	2.7	0.3
Detroit, MI	24,231	2.1	0.6
Houston, TX	22,683	3.1	0.5
Chicago Chicago Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles... , IL	19,438	2.4	0.7
Dallas, TX Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex The Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Metropolitan Statistical Area, a title designated by the U.S. Census as of 2003, encompasses 12 counties within the U.S. state of Texas. The area is divided into two metropolitan divisions: Dallas–Plano–Irving and Fort Worth–Arlington. Residents of the area...	19,134	3.6	0.5
Boston Boston Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had... , MA-NH	17,344	9.8	0.7

It is estimated that the current population of African immigrants to the United States is about 881,300. Countries with the most immigrants to the U.S. are Nigeria

Nigeria

Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...

, Ghana

Ghana

Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...

, Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...

, Eritrea

Eritrea

Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...

, Egypt

Egypt

Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

, Somalia

Somalia

Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...

, and South Africa

South Africa

The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

. Seventy five percent (75%) of the African immigrants to the USA come from 12 of the 55 countries, namely Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya

Kenya

Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...

, Liberia

Liberia

Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...

, Somalia, Morocco

Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...

, Cape Verde

Cape Verde

The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...

, Sierra Leone and Sudan

Sudan

Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...

, which is based on the 2000 census data.

Additionally, according to the U.S. Census, 55% of immigrants from Africa are male, while 45% are female. Age groups with the largest cohort of African-born immigrants are 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54 with 24.5%, 27.9%, and 15.0% respectively.

Africans typically congregate in urban area

Urban area

An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets.Urban areas are created and further...

s, moving to suburban areas over time. They are also less likely to live in segregated

Racial segregation

Racial segregation is the separation of humans into racial groups in daily life. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a public toilet, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home...

areas. The goals of Africans vary tremendously. While some look to create new lives in the U.S., some plan on using the resources and skills gained to go back and help their countries of origin. Either way, African communities contribute millions to the economies of Africa through remittances

Remittances

A remittance is a transfer of money by a foreign worker to his or her home country. Note that in 19th century usage a remittance man was someone exiled overseas and sent an allowance on condition that he not return home....

.

Immigrants from Africa typically settle in heavily urban areas upon arrival into the U.S. Areas such as Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....

, New York

New York

New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

, Columbus, Ohio

Columbus, Ohio

Columbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest, and the fifteenth largest city...

, Atlanta and Minneapolis

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Minneapolis , nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City," is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the U.S. state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States...

have heavy concentrations of African immigrant populations. Often there are clusters of nationalities within these cities. The longer African immigrants live in the United States, the more likely they are to live in suburban areas.

Educational attainment

African immigrants to the U.S. are among the most educated groups in the United States. Some 48.9 percent of all African immigrants hold a college diploma. This is more than double the rate of native-born white Americans, and nearly four times the rate of native-born African Americans.

In 1997, 19.4 percent of all adult African immigrants in the United States held a graduate degree, compared to 8.1 percent of adult white Americans and 3.8 percent of adult black Americans in the United States, respectively.

Of the African-born population in the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

age 25 and older, 87.9% reported having a high school

High school

High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....

degree

Academic degree

An academic degree is a position and title within a college or university that is usually awarded in recognition of the recipient having either satisfactorily completed a prescribed course of study or having conducted a scholarly endeavour deemed worthy of his or her admission to the degree...

or higher, compared with 78.8% of Asian

Asian people

Asian people or Asiatic people is a term with multiple meanings that refers to people who descend from a portion of Asia's population.- Central Asia :...

-born immigrants and 76.8% of European

European ethnic groups

The ethnic groups in Europe are the various ethnic groups that reside in the nations of Europe. European ethnology is the field of anthropology focusing on Europe....

-born immigrants, respectively.

Africans from Nigeria

Nigeria

(89.1 percent), Ghana

Ghana

(85.9 percent), Botswana

Botswana

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" . Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966...

(84.7 percent), and Malawi

Malawi

The Republic of Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size...

(83 percent) were the most likely to report having a high school degree or higher. Those born in Cape Verde

Cape Verde

The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...

(44.8 percent) and Mauritania

Mauritania

Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...

(60.8 percent) were the least likely to report having completed a high school education.

Health

American immigrants from predominantly black nations in Africa and South America are generally healthier than black immigrants from predominantly white nations in Europe. A study conducted by Jen’nan Ghazal Read, a sociology

Sociology

Sociology is the study of society. It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity...

professor at the UC Irvine

University of California, Irvine

The University of California, Irvine , founded in 1965, is one of the ten campuses of the University of California, located in Irvine, California, USA...

and Michael O. Emerson, a sociology

Sociology

professor at Rice University

Rice University

William Marsh Rice University, commonly referred to as Rice University or Rice, is a private research university located on a heavily wooded campus in Houston, Texas, United States...

, closely studied the health of more than 2,900 black immigrants from top regions of emigration: the West Indies, Africa, South America and Europe. Blacks born in Africa and South America have been shown to be healthier than American born Blacks.

The study was published in the September issue of Social Forces

Social Forces

Social Forces is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of social science published by the University of North Carolina Press...

and is the first to look at the health of black immigrants by their region of origin.

Culture

African immigrants tend to retain their culture once in the United States. Instead of abandoning their various traditions, they find ways to reproduce and reinvent themselves. Because of the extremely diverse nature of African ethnic groups, there is no single African immigrant identity. However, cultural bonds are cultivated through shared ethnic or national affiliations. Some organizations like the Ghanaian group Fantse-Kuo and the Sudanese Association organize by country, region, or ethnic group. Other not for profits like the Malawi Washington Association

Malawi Washington Association

Malawi Washington Association was established in 1994 and is the first association in the United States that was organized to promote Malawian culture for Malawians in the diaspora residing in the United States and Canada. It was founded by Peter Kapakasa, Stafford Chipungu, Jonathan Kamkwalala,...

http://www.malawiwashginton.org organize by national identity, and are inclusive of all Malawians. Other groups present traditional culture from a pan-African perspective. Using traditional skills and knowledge, African-born entrepreneurs develop services for immigrants and the community at large. In the Washington area, events such as the annual Ethiopian soccer tournament, institutions such as the AME Church

African Methodist Episcopal Church

The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the A.M.E. Church, is a predominantly African American Methodist denomination based in the United States. It was founded by the Rev. Richard Allen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816 from several black Methodist congregations in the...

African Liberation Ministry, and "friends" and "sister cities" organizations bring together different communities. The extent to which African immigrants engage in these activities naturally varies according to the population.

Religion

The religious traditions of African immigrants tend to be pluralistic. In other words, they are seen not only as religious institutions, but in many cases also as civic centers. These organizations are also central to persevering ethnic identity among these communities. In addition, African immigrant religious communities are also central networks and provide services such as counseling, shelter, employment, financial assistance, health services, real estate tips, etc.

Christianity

African immigrants practice a diverse array of religions, including Christianity

Christianity

Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...

, Islam

Islam

Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

, and various traditional African religion

African Traditional Religion

The traditional religions indigenous to Africa have, for most of their existence, been orally rather than scripturally transmitted. They are generally associated with animism. Most have ethno-based creations stories...

s. However, the largest African immigrant religious group in the United States is made up of Pentecostal/Charismatic Christian

Christian

A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...

s. This form of Christianity is a “primarily evangelical, born-again pentecostal sect that emphasizes holiness, fervent prayer, charismatic revival, proximate salvation, speaking in tongues, baptism of the Holy Spirit, faith healing, visions, and divine revelations." These practices are remnants of the influence of traditional worship practices such as spirit possession, divination and ancestor worship.

The most popular church denominations that Africans join include: Brotherhood of the Cross and Star, Celestial Church of Christ, Cherubim and Seraphim, Christ Apostolic Church, The Church of Pentecost, Deeper Life Bible Church, Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Musama Disco, The Presbyterian Church of Ghana, and the Redeemed Christian Church of God.

Continental African churches

Africans have also started to create their own congregations. The new trend in African communities includes creating separate churches where Africans can worship as an African congregation. One example is the Bethel Church in Silver Spring, MD that has a Pan-African congregation. It also includes service in English and French. Many African churches are Pan African, but some consist only of nationals from the country of origin. This allows for worship in the languages of the congregation.
Ethiopians and Eritreans in particular have their own churches wherever there is a significant Ethiopian/Eritrean population. Their churches are mainly Ethiopian or Eritrean Orthodox and Catholic churches.

Islam

The Muslim

Muslim

A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

tradition of African immigrants is made up of diverse groups and includes Sufis

Sufism

Sufism or ' is defined by its adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a '...

, Mourides from Senegal, as well as mainstream orders and schools from Eastern and Northern Africa

North Africa

North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...

. These Muslims tend to interact in both Arabic and their own indigenous languages.

Visibility

First and second generation African immigrants can be seen in a wide variety of areas, from academia to athletics to acting. U.S. President Barack Obama

Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.Born in...

's father Barack Obama, Sr.

Barack Obama, Sr.

Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. was a Kenyan senior governmental economist and the father of U.S. President Barack Obama. He is a central subject in his son's memoir, Dreams from My Father.-Early life:...

is a native of Kenya

Kenya

Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...

. A few notable African academics in the U.S. include John Ogbu

John Ogbu

John Uzo Ogbu was a Nigerian-American anthropologist and professor known for his theories on observed phenomena involving race and intelligence, especially how race and ethnic differences played out in educational and economic achievement. He suggested that being a "caste-like minority" affects...

, and Kwame Anthony Appiah

Kwame Anthony Appiah

Kwame Anthony Appiah is a Ghanaian-British-American philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist whose interests include political and moral theory, the philosophy of language and mind, and African intellectual history. Kwame Anthony Appiah grew up in Ghana and earned a Ph.D. at Cambridge...

. In sports, Hakeem Olajuwon

Hakeem Olajuwon

Hakeem Abdul Olajuwon is a retired Nigerian-American professional basketball player. From 1984 to 2002, he played the center position in the National Basketball Association for the Houston Rockets and Toronto Raptors. He led the Rockets to back-to-back NBA championships in 1994 and 1995. In 2008,...

, Oguchi Onyewu

Oguchi Onyewu

Oguchialu Chijoke Onyewu also known as "Oguchi" Onyewu is an American soccer player who plays as a defender for Sporting Clube de Portugal, in Primeira Liga, and the United States national team. Onyewu also holds a Belgian passport....

, Freddy Adu

Freddy Adu

Fredua Koranteng "Freddy" Adu is a Ghanaian-born American soccer player who currently plays for Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer. He plays primarily as an attacking midfielder, but he is also used as a winger or forward....

, and Joseph Addai

Joseph Addai

Joseph Addai, Jr. is an American football running back for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League. He was selected in the first round of the 2006 NFL Draft out of Louisiana State University.-Early years:Addai's family hails from Ghana in West Africa...

are prominent, and in entertainment, actor Gbenga Akinnagbe

Gbenga Akinnagbe

Gbenga Akinnagbe is an American actor, best known for his role as Chris Partlow on the HBO original series The Wire.-Early life:...

, singer Akon

Akon

Aliaune Damala Badara Thiam, better known as simply Akon , is a Senegalese American R&B recording artist and songwriter.According to Forbes, Akon grossed $21 million in 2010, $20 million in 2009 and $12 million in 2008. He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of "Locked Up", the first...

, and rappers Chamillionaire

Chamillionaire

Hakeem Seriki , better known by his stage name Chamillionaire, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur. He is the CEO of Chamillitary Entertainment. Chamillionaire is also the founder and an original member of The Color Changin' Click...

and Wale

Wale

A wale is a broad, thick plank around the outside of a wooden ship.The garboard is the wale next to the keel; the gunwale is the top such plank and covers the heads of the timbers between the main and fore drifts....

are also well-known.

Television

Many local cable channels are now purchasing programming channels operated by the various African communities. For example, Channel Africa is now available in some TV networks in the US.

News services such as the Nigerian Television Authority, South African Broadcasting Channel and Ethiopian Television Programming are also available in some areas.

Cinema

Nigerian Nollywood films and Ghanaian films can now be rented or purchased from Nigerian and Ghanaian stores.

Restaurants

Immigrants from Africa have also opened up a number of restaurants in urban areas. The DC Metro area hosts many eateries belonging to the Ethiopian, Kenyan, South African and West African communities.

Notable African immigrants

The following is a list of notable immigrants to the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, or children born in the United States to at least one parents who immigrated from Africa.

Academia and science

Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh
Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh
Sheikh Mohamad Adam El-Sheikh is a Sudanese/American executive director of the Fiqh Council of North America.-Education:He graduated from the faculty of Shari’ah and Law, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan, in 1969....

, Sudanese, executive director of the Fiqh Council of North America
Fiqh Council of North America
The Fiqh Council of North America is an association of Muslims who interpret Islamic law on the North American continent.Its 18 members issue religious rulings, resolve disputes, and answer questions relating to the Islamic faith...

.
Kwame Anthony Appiah
Kwame Anthony Appiah
Kwame Anthony Appiah is a Ghanaian-British-American philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist whose interests include political and moral theory, the philosophy of language and mind, and African intellectual history. Kwame Anthony Appiah grew up in Ghana and earned a Ph.D. at Cambridge...

, Half Ghanaian, philosopher,
Kitaw Ejigu
Kitaw Ejigu
Kitaw Ejigu was an Ethiopian-American scientist who worked for NASA as Chief of Spacecraft and Satellite Systems engineer. He was also a political leader....

, Ethiopia, former NASA
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...

chief engineer
Sossina M. Haile
Sossina M. Haile
Sossina M. Haile is Professor of Materials Science and of Chemical Engineering at the Caltech, who created a new type of fuel cell.-Life:...

, Ethiopia, fuel cell engineer
Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong, Ghana, Professor of African and African American Studies; Chair, Committee on African Studies, Harvard university
Dinaw Mengestu
Dinaw Mengestu
Dinaw Mengestu is an award-winning American novelist and writer, who was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In addition to two novels, he has written for Rolling Stone on the war in Darfur, and for Jane Magazine on the conflict in northern Uganda...

, Ethiopia, author
Fatima Jibrell
Fatima Jibrell
Fatima Jibrell is a prominent Somali-American environmental activist. She is the co-founder and Executive Director of the Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organization , co-founder of Sun Fire Cooking, and was instrumental in the creation of the Women’s Coalition for Peace.-Biography:Jibrell...

, Somalia, environmentalist
Said Sheikh Samatar, Somalia, historian
John Ogbu
John Ogbu
John Uzo Ogbu was a Nigerian-American anthropologist and professor known for his theories on observed phenomena involving race and intelligence, especially how race and ethnic differences played out in educational and economic achievement. He suggested that being a "caste-like minority" affects...

, Nigeria, anthropologist
Nawal M. Nour
Nawal M. Nour
Nawal M. Nour is an American obstetrician and gynecologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital, she won 2003 Genius Award...

, Sudanese, an obstetrician and gynecologist and 2003 Genius Award
MacArthur Fellows Program
The MacArthur Fellows Program or MacArthur Fellowship is an award given by the John D. and Catherine T...

winner (Sudanese).
Fred McBagonluri, Ghanaian, Engineer,Author: 2009 US Astronaut Candidate Finalist/2008 NJBiz Innovator Hero,
Pashington Obeng Ghana, Ph. D, author, professor at Wellesley College and Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...

.
Window Snyder
Window Snyder
Mwende Window Snyder is a security and privacy product manager at Apple Inc. and the former Chief Security Something-Or-Other at Mozilla Corporation...

, half Kenyan, chief security officer at Mozilla Corporation
Bisi Ezerioha
Bisi Ezerioha
Bisi Ezerioha a.k.a. Ndubisi Ezerioha, is a professional racing driver, engine builder, engineer and industrialist. He is involved in import drag racing, and currently pilots a 2006 Honda Insight in the pro stock ranks of IDRA , IDRC and CMI series. Bisi has built and driven the fastest and...

, Nigerian, professional racing driver, engine builder, engineer, and industrialist
Kwabena Boahen, PhD, Ghana, Professor of Bioengineering; Principal Investigator, Lab. Brains in Silicon, Stanford University
Victor Ukpolo
Victor Ukpolo
Dr Victor O. Ukpolo is chancellor of Southern University at New Orleans, also known as SUNO.Ukpolo is most known for his successful efforts in restoring SUNO to operation after Hurricane Katrina, specifically his role in obtaining funds for SUNO's recovery, including $44 million for student...

Nigerian, chancellor of Southern University at New Orleans
Claude Ake
Claude Ake
Professor Claude Ake was a Nigerian political scientist. Ake gained a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1966 and during his life he held various academic positions at institutions around the world, including Yale University , University of Nairobi , University of Dar es Salaam and University of...

, Nigerian political scientist, Yale University Professor
Ahmed Zewail
Ahmed Zewail
Ahmed Hassan Zewail is an Egyptian-American scientist who won the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry. He is the Linus Pauling Chair Professor Chemistry and Professor of Physics at the California Institute of Technology.- Birth and education :Ahmed Zewail was born on...

, Egypt, scientist and winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Jem Spectar, Cameroon, President of the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown

Acting

Akosua Busia
Akosua Busia
Akosua Busia is a Ghanaian actress who now lives in the U.S..The daughter of Kofi Abrefa Busia, the ex-prime minister of the Republic of Ghana, Akosua is the daughter of a prince of the royal family of Wenchi, a subgroup of the Ashanti. She herself is not a princess, since the Akans of Ghana...

, Ghana, notable performance as Nettie in Steven Spielberg
Steven Spielberg
Steven Allan Spielberg KBE is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, video game designer, and studio entrepreneur. In a career of more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as an...

's The Color Purple
The Color Purple
The Color Purple is an acclaimed 1982 epistolary novel by American author Alice Walker. It received the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction...
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje is a British actor, and former fashion model best known for his roles as Mr. Eko on Lost, Simon Adebisi on Oz and Nykwana Wombosi in The Bourne Identity.-Early life and career:...

, Nigeria
Gbenga Akinnagbe
Gbenga Akinnagbe
Gbenga Akinnagbe is an American actor, best known for his role as Chris Partlow on the HBO original series The Wire.-Early life:...

, Nigeria
Sophie Okonedo
Sophie Okonedo
Sophie Okonedo, OBE is a British actress, who has starred both in successful British and American productions. In 1991, she made her acting debut in the British critically acclaimed coming-of-age drama, Young Soul Rebels...

, half Nigerian
Djimon Hounsou
Djimon Hounsou
Djimon Diaw Hounsou is a Beninese actor and model. As an actor, Hounsou has been nominated for two Academy Awards.-Early life:Djimon Hounsou was born in Cotonou, Benin, in 1964, to lbertine and Pierre Hounsou, a cook. He emigrated to Lyon in France at the age of thirteen with his brother, Edmond....

, Benin
Edi Gathegi
Edi Gathegi
Edi Mue Gathegi is a Kenyan-American film, stage and television actor. He is best known for his recurring character Dr. Jeffrey Cole in the television series House, as Cheese in the 2007 film Gone Baby Gone and as Laurent in the films Twilight, its sequel The Twilight Saga: New Moon and Darwin in...

, Kenya
Boris Kodjoe
Boris Kodjoe
Boris Frederic Cecil Tay-Natey Ofuatey-Kodjoe , better known as Boris Kodjoe, is an Austrian-born German actor and former fashion model who works primarily in the United States...

, half Ghanaian
Peter Mensah
Peter Mensah
Peter Mensah , is an English/Ghanaian actor, best known for his roles in Tears of the Sun and 300, and more recently on the Starz original series, Spartacus: Blood and Sand and Spartacus: Gods of the Arena.-Early life:Mensah comes from an academic family...

, Ghana
Omar Sharif
Omar Sharif
Omar Sharif is an Egyptian actor who has starred in Hollywood films including Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago and Funny Girl. He has been nominated for an Academy Award and has won two Golden Globe Awards.-Early life:...

, Egypt
Cliff Simon
Cliff Simon
Cliff Simon is a South African athlete and actor, most famous for his portrayal of Ba'al in Stargate SG-1.-Early life:...

, South African
Jaye Davidson
Jaye Davidson
Jaye Davidson is an American-British former actor and model. He is best known for his roles as transgender "Dil" in the 1992 suspense-drama thriller film The Crying Game, for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, making him the first Black British actor...

, Half Ghanaian
Charlize Theron
Charlize Theron
Charlize Theron is a South African actress, film producer and former fashion model.She rose to fame in the late 1990s following her roles in 2 Days in the Valley, Mighty Joe Young, The Devil's Advocate and The Cider House Rules...

, South African
Arnold Vosloo
Arnold Vosloo
Arnold Vosloo is a South African American actor, best-known for playing Imhotep in The Mummy and its 2001 sequel The Mummy Returns, as well as the role of the superhero Darkman in the sequel Darkman II: The Return of Durant and its 1996 sequel, Darkman III: Die Darkman Die...

, South African
Gabourey Sidibe
Gabourey Sidibe
Gabourey "Gabby" Sidibe is an American actress who made her acting debut in the 2009 film Precious, a role that brought her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.-Early life:...

, Half Senegalese
Nana Gbewonyo
Nana Gbewonyo
Nana Gbewonyo is an actor who played the role of Junior Battle in the film Coach Carter that was released in January 2005. He was born in Accra, Ghana, but moved to California when he was three with his parents. He played college basketball for Washburn University in Kansas and Henderson State...

, Ghana

Athletes

Freddy Adu
Freddy Adu
Fredua Koranteng "Freddy" Adu is a Ghanaian-born American soccer player who currently plays for Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer. He plays primarily as an attacking midfielder, but he is also used as a winger or forward....

, Ghana, soccer
Gale Agbossoumonde
Gale Agbossoumonde
Gale Agbossoumonde is a Togolese born American soccer player who is currently on loan to Eintracht Frankfurt from the Fort Lauderdale Strikers.-Early life:...

, Togo by way of Benin, soccer

Ebenezer Ekuban
Ebenezer Ekuban
Ebenezer Ekuban, Jr. is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He was originally drafted by the Dallas Cowboys 20th overall in the 1999 NFL Draft...

, Ghana, NFL football

Meb Keflezighi, Eritrea, runner
Kofi Kingston
Kofi Kingston
Kofi Nahaje Sarkodie-Mensah , is a Ghanaian American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Kofi Kingston. He is currently signed to WWE and works on its Raw brand where he is one half of the WWE Tag Team Champions with Evan Bourne as Air Boom...

, Ghana, professional wrestling
Bernard Lagat
Bernard Lagat
Bernard Kipchirchir Lagat is an American middle and long distance champion athlete.Lagat was born in Kapsabet, Kenya...

, Kenya, runner
Dikembe Mutombo
Dikembe Mutombo
Dikembe Mutombo Mpolondo Mukamba Jean-Jacques Wamutombo , commonly referred to as Dikembe Mutombo, is a retired Congolese American professional basketball player who last played for the Houston Rockets of the NBA...

, D.R. Congo, NBA basketball

Luc Mbah a Moute, Cameroon, basketball
Danny Mwanga
Danny Mwanga
Jean-Marie Daniel "Danny" Mwanga is a Congolese-American footballer who currently plays for Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer.-Youth:...

, D.R. Congo, soccer
Nana Kuffour
Nana Kuffour
Mohammed Tuah Khamis is a Ghanaian-American soccer player.- Career :Kuffour was signed by D.C. United as a developmental player during the 2004 season, after having immigrated to the United States from Ghana and receiving citizenship. Before playing for United, Kuffour most recently played for...

, Ghana, soccer
Amobi Okoye
Amobi Okoye
-Houston Texans:Okoye signed a five-year deal with the Texans on July 26, which allowed him to begin training camp with his teammates the next day. With his first start, Okoye became the youngest player to appear in an NFL game since 1967....

, Nigeria, football
Hakeem Olajuwon
Hakeem Olajuwon
Hakeem Abdul Olajuwon is a retired Nigerian-American professional basketball player. From 1984 to 2002, he played the center position in the National Basketball Association for the Houston Rockets and Toronto Raptors. He led the Rockets to back-to-back NBA championships in 1994 and 1995. In 2008,...

, Nigeria, NBA basketball

Robbie Russell
Robbie Russell (soccer)
Robbie Russell is a Ghanaian-born American soccer player who currently plays for D.C. United in Major League Soccer.-College:...

, Ghana, soccer

Nazr Mohammed
Nazr Mohammed
Nazr Tahiru Mohammed [NAW-zee] is an American professional basketball player with the NBA's Oklahoma City Thunder. He plays the center position. He is 6 ft 10 in and 250 lb...

Ghana, NBA basketball
Tony Tchani
Tony Tchani
Tony Tchani is a Cameroonian footballer who plays for Columbus Crew in Major League Soccer.-Amateur and college:...

, Cameroon, soccer
Hasheem Thabeet
Hasheem Thabeet
Hasheem Thabeet is a Tanzanian professional basketball player. He currently plays for the Houston Rockets of the NBA. He was drafted as the 2nd pick overall by the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2009 NBA Draft after playing with the Connecticut Huskies...

, Tanzania, NBA basketball
Jean-Pierre Tokoto
Jean-Pierre Tokoto
Jean-Pierre Tokoto is a retired Cameroonian professional footballer. He competed for the Cameroon national football team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup.-Club career:...

, Cameroon, soccer
Madieu Williams
Madieu Williams
Madieu Mohammed Williams is an American football safety for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. He was originally drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft...

, Sierra Leone, NFL Football
Joshua Clottey
Joshua Clottey
Joshua Clottey is a Ghanaian professional boxer. Born in Accra, Ghana, Clottey now lives in the Bronx, New York. He is the former IBF welterweight champion. He's also the brother of veteran boxers Judas Clottey and Emmanuel Clottey....

, Ghana, professional boxer
Nyan Boateng
Nyan Boateng
Nyan Boateng, is an American football wide receiver currently a member of the Chicago Rush of the Arena Football League. He was signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 2010...

, Ghana, NFL

Business

Kase Lukman Lawal
Kase Lukman Lawal
Kase Lukman Lawal was born in Ibadan in 1954. He obtained his Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Texas Southern University in 1976, and his MBA from Prairie View A&M University, Texas in 1978...

, Nigeria. Chairman/Chief Executive Officer, CAMAC HOLDINGS
Noah Samara
Noah Samara
Noah A. Samara is a Chief Executive Officer of WorldSpace, the world's first to launch satellite radio system. He also played a pivotal role in the foundation of XM Satellite Radio. He claimed what motivated him to found WorldSpace is to give millions of people in Asia and Africa access to...

, Ethiopia, CEO of Worldspace
WorldSpace
1worldspace, formerly known as 'WorldSpace', is a currently defunct satellite radio network that provided service to over 170,000 subscribers in eastern and southern Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia with 96% coming from India...
Eric Osiakwan, Ghana, internet entrepreneur and researcher
Roelof Botha
Roelof Botha
Roelof F. Botha is a venture capitalist and company director. By training, he is a qualified actuary.Botha is a partner at Sequoia Capital and sits on the board of Eventbrite, Jawbone, Mahalo, Meebo, Nimbula, Square, Tokbox, Tumblr, Unity and Xoom...

, South African, former Chief Financial Officer of Paypal

Fashion

Alek Wek
Alek Wek
Alek Wek is a Sudanese British model who first appeared on the catwalks at the age of 18 in 1995, sparking a career lasting to date. She is from the Dinka ethnic group in South Sudan, but in 1991 she and some family members fled to Britain to escape the civil war in Sudan...

, Southern Sudan, supermodel, handbag designer
Amsale Aberra
Amsale Aberra
Amsale Aberra is an Ethiopian fashion designer and entrepreneur.She is a member of the Council of Fashion Designers and a Trustee of the Fashion Institute of Technology....

, Ethiopia, fashion designer
Waris Dirie
Waris Dirie
Waris Dirie is a Somali model, author, actress and human rights activist.-Early years:Waris Dirie was born into a nomadic clan in Galkacyo, Somalia in 1965. At the age of thirteen, she fled her family in order to escape an arranged marriage to a much older man. She landed in London where she...

, Somalia, supermodel, author and human rights activist,
Iman
Iman (model)
Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid , professionally known as Iman , is a Somali-American fashion model, actress and entrepreneur. A pioneer in the field of ethnic cosmetics, she is also noted for her charitable work. She is married to David Bowie.-Early life:Born in Mogadishu, Somalia, Iman is the daughter...

, Somalia, supermodel, actress, philanthropist,fashion and cosmetic designer
Liya Kebede
Liya Kebede
Liya Kebede is an Ethiopian model, maternal health advocate, clothing designer and actress who has appeared three times on the cover of US Vogue . According to Forbes, Kebede was eleventh-highest-paid top model in the world in 2007...

, Ethiopia, Supermodel
Oluchi Onweagba
Oluchi Onweagba
-Early life:Onweagba grew up in the suburbs of Lagos, Nigeria with her two brothers and sisters. She is the daughter of a civil servant father and mother who was a nurse. When Onweagba was 16 years old, she won the "Face Of Africa" contest.-Discovery:...

, Nigeria, Supermodel
Kiara Kabukuru
Kiara Kabukuru
Kiara Kabukuru is an American fashion model of Ugandan descent. Kabukuru is best known as a CoverGirl model.-Early life and discovery:Kabukuru was born July 31, 1975 in Kampala, Uganda. With the aid of Amnesty International and United Way, Kabukuru and her family emigrated to California when she...

, Uganda, supermodel
Sandra Nyanchoka, Kenya, Supermodel

Journalism and literature

Selamawi Asgedom, Ethiopia and Eritrea, author
Charles Mudede
Charles Mudede
Charles Tonderai Mudede is a writer, filmmaker, and leftwing cultural critic. Born into an educated Rhodesian family, he spent much of his childhood in the United States, only to return to the newly independent Zimbabwe in 1981...

, Zimbabwean, Filmmaker and Film Critic
Hoda Kotb, Egypt, television news anchor with NBC's The Today Show
Ray Choto, Zimbabwe, Author, Journalist, Founder of Voice of America's Studio 7 radio program for Zimbabwe based in Washington DC.http://www.kubatana.net/html/archive/media/030508voa.asp?sector=MEDIA&year=2003&range_start=91
Micere Mugo Kenyan poet, writer
Dinaw Mengestu
Dinaw Mengestu
Dinaw Mengestu is an award-winning American novelist and writer, who was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In addition to two novels, he has written for Rolling Stone on the war in Darfur, and for Jane Magazine on the conflict in northern Uganda...

, Ethiopia, author
Lola Ogunnaike
Lola Ogunnaike
Lola Ogunnaike is an American features and entertainment journalist of Nigerian origin. She most recently appeared as the entertainment correspondent on CNN's morning program, American Morning. Ogunnaike has also made regular guest appearances on NBC's Today Show, MTV and VH1...

, Nigeria, CNN Reporter
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
Ngugi wa Thiong'o
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o is a Kenyan author, formerly working in English and now working in Gĩkũyũ. His work includes novels, plays, short stories, and essays, ranging from literary and social criticism to children's literature...

, Kenya, world renowned author

Music

Tunde Adebimpe
Tunde Adebimpe
Babatunde Omoroga "Tunde" Adebimpe is an American musician, actor, and director best known as the lead singer of the Brooklyn-based band TV on the Radio. His vocal method often involves improvisation, the use of effects and repeating sampled loops....

, Nigeria, lead singer for band experimental rock band TV on the Radio
TV on the Radio
TV on the Radio is an American art rock band formed in 2001 in Brooklyn, New York, whose music spans numerous diverse genres, from post-punk to electro and free jazz to soul music....
Akon
Akon
Aliaune Damala Badara Thiam, better known as simply Akon , is a Senegalese American R&B recording artist and songwriter.According to Forbes, Akon grossed $21 million in 2010, $20 million in 2009 and $12 million in 2008. He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of "Locked Up", the first...

, Senegalese, hip-hop and pop star – Although born in St. Louis, he spent his early childhood in Senegal, and did not settle permanently in the U.S. until he was a teenager.
Rhian Benson
Rhian Benson
Rhiannon Afua "Rhian" Benson is a Ghanaian soul and jazz singer, songwriter, and composer.-Early life:Benson was born in Accra, Ghana to a Welsh mother, who was a singer, and an Ashanti father, who was a guitarist, and she has a younger sister.She was raised in Ghana, India, where her family moved...

, Half Ghanaian soul and jazz singer, songwriter, and composer.

Disashi Lumumba-Kasongo, DR Congo, guitarist for band Gym Class Heroes
Gym Class Heroes
Gym Class Heroes is an American hip hop rock band from Geneva, New York. They have collaborated with Fall Out Boy's Patrick Stump on numerous occasions, notably for providing backing vocals on the song "Cupid's Chokehold." Stump also produced the majority of their album The Quilt.The group formed...

, grandnephew of Patrice Lumumba
Patrice Lumumba
Patrice Émery Lumumba was a Congolese independence leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after he helped win its independence from Belgium in June 1960. Only ten weeks later, Lumumba's government was deposed in a coup during the Congo Crisis...
Kenna
Kenna
Kenna Zemedkun, known professionally as simply Kenna, is an Ethiopian-born American musician. His track "Say Goodbye To Love" was nominated for Best Urban/Alternative Performance in the 2009 Grammy Awards.-Personal life:...

, Ethiopia, Alternative rock musician
Dave Matthews
Dave Matthews
David John "Dave" Matthews is a South African–born American musician and occasional actor, best known as the lead vocalist, songwriter, and guitarist for the Dave Matthews Band...

, South African

William Chapman Nyaho
William Chapman Nyaho
William H. Chapman Nyaho is a Ghanaian American concert pianist specializing in solo piano music by composers from Africa and the African diaspora....

, Ghana, concert pianist
Lil' O
Lil' O
Lil' O is a southern rapper, born in Lagos, Nigeria and raised in Southwest Houston, Texas. He is an original member of DJ Screw's Screwed Up Click. He was also known as O or Da Fat Rat Wit Da Cheeze...

, Nigeria, rapper

Anthony Obi (Fat Tony
Fat Tony (rapper)
Anthony Obi is a Nigerian-American rapper from, and based in Houston, Texas known as Fat Tony. He is affiliated with Greedhead and Home Skool Rekordz, but previously released the Love Life EP on Same Struggle Ent...

) - Houston area Nigerian-American rapper
Tyler, the Creator
Tyler, the Creator
Tyler Okonma , better known by his stage name Tyler, The Creator, is an American rapper, record producer, music video director, actor, graphic artist and fashion designer from Los Angeles, currently signed to English independent record label XL Recordings and his own record label, Odd Future...

, half-Nigerian, rapper and creator of OFWGKTA
OFWGKTA
Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All, often abbreviated OFWGKTA and also known simply as Odd Future or Golf Wang, is an alternative hip hop collective from Los Angeles, California...
Wale
Wale
A wale is a broad, thick plank around the outside of a wooden ship.The garboard is the wale next to the keel; the gunwale is the top such plank and covers the heads of the timbers between the main and fore drifts....

, Nigerian, rapper

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Citizenship

Quotas enacted between 1921-1924

Immigration Act of 1965

20th Century migration patterns

Population

Factors contributing to migration

Demographics

Educational attainment

Health

Culture

Religion

Christianity

Continental African churches

Islam

Visibility

Television

Cinema

Restaurants

Notable African immigrants

Academia and science

Acting

Athletes

Business

Fashion

Journalism and literature

Music

See also

External links