Karl Marx

In his 1881 letter to Vera Zasulich

Vera Zasulich

Vera Ivanovna Zasulich was a Russian Marxist writer and revolutionary.-Radical beginnings:Zasulich was born in Mikhaylovka, Russia, one of four daughters of an impoverished minor noble. When she was 3, her father died and her mother sent her to live with her wealthier relatives, the Mikulich...

, Karl Marx

Karl Marx

Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement...

 wrote that historically the "agricultural commune" is the most recent type of archaic forms of societies. Marx wrote that the following features distinguish the agricultural commune from more archaic forms of commune.

• Older communes was based on kinship
• In an agricultural commune the house and yard were private property
• In an agricultural commune the arable land was common, but was periodically divided among members to till and to own crops from it, while in archaic communes production was carried out communally and the yield was shared out.

Agricultural commune in the Soviet Union

The "agricultural commune" was a form of agricultural cooperation in early Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

. In agricultural communes land and tools were communal property and the product was distributed per capita ("per mouth"). On the break of 1920-1230s they were transformed in kolkhoz

Kolkhoz

A kolkhoz , plural kolkhozy, was a form of collective farming in the Soviet Union that existed along with state farms . The word is a contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство, or "collective farm", while sovkhoz is a contraction of советское хозяйство...

es.