Al MacAdam
Encyclopedia
Reginald Allan MacAdam (born March 16, 1952 in Charlottetown
, Prince Edward Island
) is a retired professional ice hockey
player who spent 12 seasons in the National Hockey League
between 1973 and 1985, and was twice selected to play in the NHL All-Star Game. He is best known for his time with the Minnesota North Stars
, where he was one of the franchise's top players in the early 1980s. Currently he serves as a scout for the Buffalo Sabres
.
in the 1972 NHL Amateur Draft
after starring for the University of Prince Edward Island
. He turned pro after being drafted, and spent most of his first two professional seasons with the Richmond Robins
, Philadelphia's AHL
affiliate. He made his NHL debut in the 1973–74 campaign, appearing in 5 games for the Flyers without scoring a point. He was also recalled for the NHL playoffs, and made his NHL playoff debut in the clinching game of the 1974 Stanley Cup
finals as the Flyers won the championship. By virtue of that appearance, he is considered a member of the championship team although he had only appeared in 6 NHL games to that point, and received a Stanley Cup ring for his efforts. However, AL MacAdam's name cannot be found any where on the Stanley Cup.
Following the season, MacAdam was dealt to the California Golden Seals
in a deal which saw star sniper Reggie Leach
going the other way. He was able to step as a regular into a weak Seals lineup, and recorded a fine rookie season in 1974–75 with 18 goals and 43 points. In 1975–76, he emerged as the Seals' top player, leading the team with 32 goals (including 4 shorthanded markers) and 63 points, and was selected to play in the 1976 NHL All-Star Game.
For the 1976–77 season, the Seals were moved and became the Cleveland Barons
. MacAdam continued to excel, again recording 63 points, and was selected to play in his second consecutive All-Star game. In 1977–78 he was named team captain, but slumped to totals of just 16 goals and 48 points.
MacAdam became a member of the Minnesota North Stars
in 1978–79 when the hapless Cleveland franchise merged with Minnesota. He would have a solid first season with the North Stars, finishing 2nd on the team in scoring with 58 points despite missing 11 games due to injury. One of the league's most durable players, he had not missed a game to that point in his career, and only missed 10 games combined in his other 11 full NHL seasons. During that season, he also forged a solid partnership with rookie centre Bobby Smith, and the two would be regular linemates over the next several seasons.
In 1979–80, MacAdam would have his finest NHL campaign, as he posted 42 goals and 51 assists for 93 points, leading the North Stars in all three categories. He finished 12th in overall NHL scoring, and was awarded the Bill Masterton Trophy in 1980 for perseverance and dedication. He was also named Minnesota's MVP and Most Popular Player following the season. Appearing in the playoffs for the first time since 1974, he also led the North Stars in playoff scoring with 16 points in 15 games as they reached the Stanley Cup semi-finals. In the 1980 playoffs, he would score the deciding goal in Game 7 of the quarterfinals, that would eliminate the defending Stanley Cup champion Montreal Canadiens.
MacAdam's production returned to its previous level in 1980–81, as he finished 3rd on the North Stars in scoring with 21 goals and 60 points. However, he would have another sterling playoff performance with 19 points in 19 games as Minnesota reached the Stanley Cup finals before losing to the New York Islanders
. In 1981–82, he recorded 18 goals and 43 assists for 61 points in what would be his last quality offensive season.
Always a strong defensive player, MacAdam's offensive opportunites would be severely reduced after 1982 with the arrival of star rookie Brian Bellows
and he would spend the remainder of his career as a 3rd-line checker and defensive forward. His production fell to a career-low 11 goals and 33 points in 1982–83, but he rebounded to record 22 goals for the North Stars in 1983–84.
For the 1984–85 campaign, MacAdam was dealt to the Vancouver Canucks
in exchange for Harold Snepsts
. He had a solid season with 14 goals and 34 points, but could not meet the expectations of being traded for Snepsts, who was one of the most popular players in Canuck history. He retired shortly after being assigned to the minors at the start of the 1985–86 season.
MacAdam finished his career with totals of 240 goals and 351 assists for 591 points in 864 games, along with 509 penalty minutes. His 591 points was the most ever for a player from tiny Prince Edward Island, just ahead of Bob MacMillan
, although that record was broken by Brad Richards
of the Dallas Stars
in 2010.
During his playing days, MacAdam was also respected as a tough and capable fighter "who many left alone" in the words of Clark Gillies of the New York Islanders.
in Fredericton
, New Brunswick
. He spent 11 years at St. Thomas, and was named AUAA
Coach of the Year in 1995–96.
He returned to pro hockey in 1997 to accept a job as head coach of the St. John's Maple Leafs
of the American Hockey League
in 1997. After three successful seasons there he returned to the NHL in 2000–01, joining the coaching staff of the Chicago Black Hawks
, and spent four seasons as an assistant coach in Chicago.
After leaving Chicago he was hired as head coach of the Halifax Mooseheads
in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
, and spent two seasons there before retiring after the 2005–06 season. He currently resides in Prince Edward Island, and is employed by the Buffalo Sabres as a scout.
Charlottetown
Charlottetown is a Canadian city. It is both the largest city on and the provincial capital of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Queen Charlotte, the wife of George III, Charlottetown was first incorporated as a town in 1855 and designated as a city in 1885...
, Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population...
) is a retired professional ice hockey
Ice hockey
Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
player who spent 12 seasons in the National Hockey League
National Hockey League
The National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States...
between 1973 and 1985, and was twice selected to play in the NHL All-Star Game. He is best known for his time with the Minnesota North Stars
Minnesota North Stars
The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white...
, where he was one of the franchise's top players in the early 1980s. Currently he serves as a scout for the Buffalo Sabres
Buffalo Sabres
The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo, New York. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League .-Founding and early success: 1970-71—1980-81:...
.
Playing career
One of the few players ever drafted out of Canadian university hockey, MacAdam was selected 55th overall by the Philadelphia FlyersPhiladelphia Flyers
The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League...
in the 1972 NHL Amateur Draft
1972 NHL Amateur Draft
The 1972 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.-Selections by round:Below are listed the selections in the 1972 NHL Amateur Draft...
after starring for the University of Prince Edward Island
University of Prince Edward Island
The University of Prince Edward Island is a public liberal arts university in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, and the sole university in the province. Founded in 1969, it traces its roots back to its two earlier predecessor organizations, St. Dunstan's University and Prince of Wales...
. He turned pro after being drafted, and spent most of his first two professional seasons with the Richmond Robins
Richmond Robins
The Richmond Robins were a professional ice hockey team based in Richmond, Virginia. They were a member of the American Hockey League for five seasons from 1971–72 to 1975–76...
, Philadelphia's AHL
American Hockey League
The American Hockey League is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League...
affiliate. He made his NHL debut in the 1973–74 campaign, appearing in 5 games for the Flyers without scoring a point. He was also recalled for the NHL playoffs, and made his NHL playoff debut in the clinching game of the 1974 Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoffs champion after the conclusion of the Stanley Cup Finals. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanley's Cup, The Holy Grail, or facetiously as Lord Stanley's Mug...
finals as the Flyers won the championship. By virtue of that appearance, he is considered a member of the championship team although he had only appeared in 6 NHL games to that point, and received a Stanley Cup ring for his efforts. However, AL MacAdam's name cannot be found any where on the Stanley Cup.
Following the season, MacAdam was dealt to the California Golden Seals
California Golden Seals
The California Golden Seals were a team in the National Hockey League from 1967–76. Initially named California Seals, the team was renamed Oakland Seals part-way through the 1967–68 season, and then to California Golden Seals in 1970. The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of...
in a deal which saw star sniper Reggie Leach
Reggie Leach
Reginald Joseph Leach is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins, California Golden Seals, Philadelphia Flyers and Detroit Red Wings. He is best known for his time in Philadelphia, winning a Stanley Cup with...
going the other way. He was able to step as a regular into a weak Seals lineup, and recorded a fine rookie season in 1974–75 with 18 goals and 43 points. In 1975–76, he emerged as the Seals' top player, leading the team with 32 goals (including 4 shorthanded markers) and 63 points, and was selected to play in the 1976 NHL All-Star Game.
For the 1976–77 season, the Seals were moved and became the Cleveland Barons
Cleveland Barons (NHL)
The Cleveland Barons were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League from 1976–78. They were a relocation of the California Golden Seals franchise, which had played in Oakland since 1967...
. MacAdam continued to excel, again recording 63 points, and was selected to play in his second consecutive All-Star game. In 1977–78 he was named team captain, but slumped to totals of just 16 goals and 48 points.
MacAdam became a member of the Minnesota North Stars
Minnesota North Stars
The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white...
in 1978–79 when the hapless Cleveland franchise merged with Minnesota. He would have a solid first season with the North Stars, finishing 2nd on the team in scoring with 58 points despite missing 11 games due to injury. One of the league's most durable players, he had not missed a game to that point in his career, and only missed 10 games combined in his other 11 full NHL seasons. During that season, he also forged a solid partnership with rookie centre Bobby Smith, and the two would be regular linemates over the next several seasons.
In 1979–80, MacAdam would have his finest NHL campaign, as he posted 42 goals and 51 assists for 93 points, leading the North Stars in all three categories. He finished 12th in overall NHL scoring, and was awarded the Bill Masterton Trophy in 1980 for perseverance and dedication. He was also named Minnesota's MVP and Most Popular Player following the season. Appearing in the playoffs for the first time since 1974, he also led the North Stars in playoff scoring with 16 points in 15 games as they reached the Stanley Cup semi-finals. In the 1980 playoffs, he would score the deciding goal in Game 7 of the quarterfinals, that would eliminate the defending Stanley Cup champion Montreal Canadiens.
MacAdam's production returned to its previous level in 1980–81, as he finished 3rd on the North Stars in scoring with 21 goals and 60 points. However, he would have another sterling playoff performance with 19 points in 19 games as Minnesota reached the Stanley Cup finals before losing to the New York Islanders
New York Islanders
The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in Uniondale, New York. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League...
. In 1981–82, he recorded 18 goals and 43 assists for 61 points in what would be his last quality offensive season.
Always a strong defensive player, MacAdam's offensive opportunites would be severely reduced after 1982 with the arrival of star rookie Brian Bellows
Brian Bellows
Brian Bellows is a retired professional ice hockey player. He played nearly 1200 games in the National Hockey League with the Minnesota North Stars, Montreal Canadiens, Tampa Bay Lightning, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and the Washington Capitals...
and he would spend the remainder of his career as a 3rd-line checker and defensive forward. His production fell to a career-low 11 goals and 33 points in 1982–83, but he rebounded to record 22 goals for the North Stars in 1983–84.
For the 1984–85 campaign, MacAdam was dealt to the Vancouver Canucks
Vancouver Canucks
The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, :British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League . The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena, formerly known as General Motors Place,...
in exchange for Harold Snepsts
Harold Snepsts
Harold John Snepsts is a retired professional ice hockey player who spent 17 seasons in the National Hockey League...
. He had a solid season with 14 goals and 34 points, but could not meet the expectations of being traded for Snepsts, who was one of the most popular players in Canuck history. He retired shortly after being assigned to the minors at the start of the 1985–86 season.
MacAdam finished his career with totals of 240 goals and 351 assists for 591 points in 864 games, along with 509 penalty minutes. His 591 points was the most ever for a player from tiny Prince Edward Island, just ahead of Bob MacMillan
Bob MacMillan
Robert Lea MacMillan is a former professional ice hockey forward who played in the NHL for 11 seasons from 1974–75 until 1984–85.MacMillan was drafted 15th overall by the New York Rangers in the 1972 NHL Amateur Draft....
, although that record was broken by Brad Richards
Brad Richards
Bradley Glenn Richards is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre and alternate captain for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League .-Early career:Born and raised in Murray Harbour, Prince Edward Island...
of the Dallas Stars
Dallas Stars
The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League . The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars, based in Bloomington, Minnesota. The...
in 2010.
During his playing days, MacAdam was also respected as a tough and capable fighter "who many left alone" in the words of Clark Gillies of the New York Islanders.
Coaching career
At the conclusion of his career, MacAdam was appointed head coach and assistant athletic director at St. Thomas UniversitySt. Thomas University (New Brunswick)
St. Thomas University is jointly a public and Roman Catholic liberal arts university located in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It offers degrees exclusively at the undergraduate level for approximately 3,000 students in the liberal arts, humanities, journalism, education, and social work....
in Fredericton
Fredericton, New Brunswick
Fredericton is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, by virtue of the provincial parliament which sits there. An important cultural, artistic, and educational centre for the province, Fredericton is home to two universities and cultural institutions such as the Beaverbrook Art...
, New Brunswick
New Brunswick
New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...
. He spent 11 years at St. Thomas, and was named AUAA
Atlantic University Sport
Atlantic University Sport is a regional membership association for Canadian universities which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and...
Coach of the Year in 1995–96.
He returned to pro hockey in 1997 to accept a job as head coach of the St. John's Maple Leafs
St. John's Maple Leafs
The St. John's Maple Leafs were an ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. They played in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada at Memorial Stadium from 1991–2001, and at Mile One Stadium from 2001–2005.-History:...
of the American Hockey League
American Hockey League
The American Hockey League is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League...
in 1997. After three successful seasons there he returned to the NHL in 2000–01, joining the coaching staff of the Chicago Black Hawks
Chicago Blackhawks
The Chicago Blackhawks are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League . They have won four Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926, most recently coming in 2009-10...
, and spent four seasons as an assistant coach in Chicago.
After leaving Chicago he was hired as head coach of the Halifax Mooseheads
Halifax Mooseheads
The Halifax Mooseheads are a CHL ice hockey club in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League based out of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The team was founded in 1994 and began play in the Dilio division of the QMJHL for the 1994-1995 season. While the franchise has never won a league championship, they have...
in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League is one of the three major junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League...
, and spent two seasons there before retiring after the 2005–06 season. He currently resides in Prince Edward Island, and is employed by the Buffalo Sabres as a scout.
Awards and achievements
- Won Stanley Cup with Philadelphia FlyersPhiladelphia FlyersThe Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League...
(1974) - Played in NHL All-Star Game (1976, 1977)
- Won Bill Masterton Trophy (1980)
- Named California Golden SealsCalifornia Golden SealsThe California Golden Seals were a team in the National Hockey League from 1967–76. Initially named California Seals, the team was renamed Oakland Seals part-way through the 1967–68 season, and then to California Golden Seals in 1970. The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of...
MVP (1975–76) - Led California Golden Seals in scoring (1975–76)
- Named Minnesota North StarsMinnesota North StarsThe Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white...
MVP (1979–80) - Led Minnesota North Stars in scoring (1979–80)
- Named AUAAAtlantic University SportAtlantic University Sport is a regional membership association for Canadian universities which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and...
Coach of the Year (1995–96)
Career statistics
| Regular season | Playoffs | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season Season (sports) In an organized sports league, a season is the portion of one year in which regulated games of the sport are in session. For example, in Major League Baseball, one season lasts approximately from April 1 through October 1; in Association football, it is generally from August until May In an... |
Team | League | GP | G Goal (ice hockey) In ice hockey, a goal is scored when the puck completely crosses the goal line between the two goal posts and below the goal crossbar. A goal awards one point to the team attacking the goal scored upon, regardless of which team the player who actually deflected the puck into the goal belongs to... |
A Assist (ice hockey) In ice hockey, an assist is attributed to up to two players of the scoring team who shot, passed or deflected the puck towards the scoring teammate, or touched it in any other way which enabled the goal, meaning that they were "assisting" in the goal. There can be a maximum of two assists per goal... |
Pts Point (ice hockey) Point in ice hockey has three official meanings:* A point is awarded to a player for each goal scored or assist earned. The total number of goals plus assists equals total points. In some European leagues, a goal counts as two points, and an assist counts as one... |
PIM Penalty (ice hockey) A penalty in ice hockey is a punishment for inappropriate behavior. Most penalties are enforced by detaining the offending player within a penalty box for a set number of minutes, during which, the player can not participate in play. The offending team usually may not replace the player on the ice,... |
GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | ||
| 1972–73 1972–73 AHL season The 1972–73 AHL season was the 37th season of the American Hockey League. Twelve teams played 76 games each in the schedule. The Cincinnati Swords finished first overall in the regular season, and won the Calder Cup championship.-Team changes:... |
Richmond Robins Richmond Robins The Richmond Robins were a professional ice hockey team based in Richmond, Virginia. They were a member of the American Hockey League for five seasons from 1971–72 to 1975–76... |
AHL American Hockey League The American Hockey League is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League... |
68 | 19 | 32 | 51 | 42 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1973–74 | Philadelphia Flyers Philadelphia Flyers The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League... |
NHL National Hockey League The National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States... |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 1973–74 1973–74 AHL season The 1973–74 AHL season was the 38th season of the American Hockey League. The league renamed its divisions, and the "East" Division became the "North" Division, and the "West" Division became the "South" Division. Twelve teams played 76 games each in the schedule. The Rochester Americans finished... |
Richmond Robins | AHL | 62 | 23 | 22 | 45 | 36 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 | ||
| 1974–75 | California Golden Seals California Golden Seals The California Golden Seals were a team in the National Hockey League from 1967–76. Initially named California Seals, the team was renamed Oakland Seals part-way through the 1967–68 season, and then to California Golden Seals in 1970. The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of... |
NHL National Hockey League The National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States... |
80 | 18 | 25 | 43 | 55 | |||||||
| 1975–76 | California Golden Seals | NHL | 80 | 32 | 31 | 63 | 49 | |||||||
| 1976–77 | Cleveland Barons Cleveland Barons (NHL) The Cleveland Barons were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League from 1976–78. They were a relocation of the California Golden Seals franchise, which had played in Oakland since 1967... |
NHL | 80 | 22 | 41 | 63 | 68 | |||||||
| 1977–78 | Cleveland Barons | NHL | 80 | 16 | 32 | 48 | 42 | |||||||
| 1978–79 | Minnesota North Stars Minnesota North Stars The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white... |
NHL | 69 | 24 | 34 | 58 | 30 | |||||||
| 1979–80 | Minnesota North Stars | NHL | 80 | 42 | 51 | 93 | 24 | 15 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 4 | ||
| 1980–81 | Minnesota North Stars | NHL | 78 | 21 | 39 | 60 | 94 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 4 | ||
| 1981–82 | Minnesota North Stars | NHL | 79 | 18 | 43 | 61 | 37 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | ||
| 1982–83 | Minnesota North Stars | NHL | 73 | 11 | 22 | 33 | 60 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | ||
| 1983–84 | Minnesota North Stars | NHL | 80 | 22 | 13 | 35 | 23 | 16 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 7 | ||
| 1984–85 | Vancouver Canucks Vancouver Canucks The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, :British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League . The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena, formerly known as General Motors Place,... |
NHL | 80 | 14 | 20 | 34 | 27 | |||||||
| 1985–86 1985–86 AHL season The 1985–86 AHL season was the 50th season of the American Hockey League. Thirteen teams played 80 games each in the schedule. The Hershey Bears finished first overall in the regular season... |
Fredericton Express Fredericton Express The Fredericton Express were a professional ice hockey team based in Fredericton, New Brunswick. They played in the American Hockey League between 1981 and 1988. The Express were affiliated with the Quebec Nordiques and Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League... |
AHL | 11 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5 | |||||||
| AHL totals | 141 | 42 | 58 | 100 | 83 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 4 | ||||
| NHL totals | 864 | 240 | 351 | 591 | 509 | 64 | 20 | 24 | 44 | 21 | ||||