Al Mansurah
Encyclopedia
Mansoura is a city in Egypt
, with a population of 420,000. It is the capital of the Dakahlia Governorate
.
during the Seventh Crusade
.
branch of the Nile
, in the Delta
region. Mansoura is about 120 km northeast of Cairo
. Across from the city, on the opposite bank of the Nile, is the town of Talkha
.
's nephew, Abu-Bakr Malik ibn al-Adil I
(their phater also known as Saphadin) of the Ayyubid dynasty. After the Egyptians defeated the Crusaders during the Seventh Crusade
, it was named Mansoura (aka. "The Victorious").
In the Seventh Crusade
, the Capetians
were defeated and put to flight; between fifteen and thirty thousand of their men fell on the battlefield. Louis IX of France
was captured in the main Battle of Mansoura, and confined in the house of Ibrahim ben Lokman, secretary of the sultan, and under the guard of the eunuch Sobih. The king's brother was imprisoned in the same house. The sultan provided for their sustenance. The house of Ibrahim ben Lokman is now the only museum in Mansoura. It is open to the public and houses articles that used to belong to the French monarch, including his personal thirteenth century toilet
.
The Mansura Air Battle on October 14, 1973 occurred during the Yom Kippur War
. Israeli Air Force
fighters attacking Egyptian air bases were intercepted by the Egyptian Air Force
. On that day, 160 jet fighters, most belonging to Israel, battled for 53 minutes over the Nile Delta town of Al-Mansoura. Despite the numerical and qualitative superiority of the Israeli warplanes, 18 Israeli planes were downed. The rest retreated. Egypt announced the loss of six planes, only three of which fell to Israeli fire. The Egyptian government subsequently changed the country’s "Air Force Day" from November 2 to October 14, to commemorate the Mansoura Air Battle.
dialect spoken by Mansoura's population is a northern Egyptian Arabic dialect, with noticeable influences from the city's surrounding rural villages, each of which has contributed to the city's population over the years. There are some similarities to Alexandria
n Egyptian Arabic
in some aspects of pronunciation.
Mansoura National Museum used to be Dar Ibn Lockman, the house where Louis IX
was imprisoned in 1250 during the Seventh Crusade
. Displayed in the museum are the suits of mail and swords of the crusaders, as well as a collection of maps. Huge paintings depict the Battle of Mansoura.
The Mansoura branch of the National Library was recently inaugurated as the Mansoura Mubarak Library.
Mansoura is famous for its architectural style, especially the Shinnawi Palace (after Mohamed Bek El-Shinnawi, a member of the Wafd Party
). It was built by an Italian architect in 1928. The mosque of El-Saleh Ayoub El-Kebir is one of the most important in Mansoura. It was built by a loyal servant of the Sultan and is located in Al-Sagha Street that separates "Old Mansoura" from the modern city.
Like Cairo
and Alexandria
, Mansoura was home to a flourishing Greek
community until the Nasserite
era, when many were forced to leave. Many of the older and best established shops and businesses around the city still bear their original Greek
names. The first English school in the city was established on the site of the old Greek
school in the Toriel
area, one of the traditionally relatively affluent residential districts of the city.
The University of Mansoura was founded in 1962, initially as a branch of Cairo University
. The Mohamed Ghonim
Urology
and Nephrology
center of Mansoura University
is considered to be the best kidney center in the Middle East and Africa.
Mansoura has a sports stadium
(Mansoura Stadium
) which is home to its football
team.
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
, with a population of 420,000. It is the capital of the Dakahlia Governorate
Dakahlia Governorate
Dakahlia Governorate is an Egyptian governorate lying north east of Cairo. Its area is about 3,500 km² and it has a population of about 5 million. The capital is Mansoura.-Overview:...
.
Etymology
Mansoura means 'The Victorious (city)'. The city is named after the Egyptian victory over Louis IX of FranceLouis IX of France
Louis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
during the Seventh Crusade
Seventh Crusade
The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. Approximately 800,000 bezants were paid in ransom for King Louis who, along with thousands of his troops, was captured and defeated by the Egyptian army led by the Ayyubid Sultan Turanshah supported by the Bahariyya...
.
Location
Mansoura lies on the east bank of the DamiettaDamietta
Damietta , also known as Damiata, or Domyat, is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the intersection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile, about north of Cairo.-History:...
branch of the Nile
Nile
The Nile is a major north-flowing river in North Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. It is long. It runs through the ten countries of Sudan, South Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Egypt.The Nile has two major...
, in the Delta
Nile Delta
The Nile Delta is the delta formed in Northern Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest river deltas—from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east, it covers some 240 km of Mediterranean coastline—and is a rich...
region. Mansoura is about 120 km northeast of Cairo
Cairo
Cairo , is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life...
. Across from the city, on the opposite bank of the Nile, is the town of Talkha
Talkha
Talkha is a city in Egypt....
.
History
Mansoura was established in 1219 by SaladinSaladin
Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb , better known in the Western world as Saladin, was an Arabized Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty. He led Muslim and Arab opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant...
's nephew, Abu-Bakr Malik ibn al-Adil I
Al-Adil I
Al-Adil I was an Ayyubid-Egyptian general and ruler of Kurdish descent. From his honorific "Sayf al-Din" he was sometimes known to the Frankish crusaders as "Saphadin".- Life :...
(their phater also known as Saphadin) of the Ayyubid dynasty. After the Egyptians defeated the Crusaders during the Seventh Crusade
Seventh Crusade
The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. Approximately 800,000 bezants were paid in ransom for King Louis who, along with thousands of his troops, was captured and defeated by the Egyptian army led by the Ayyubid Sultan Turanshah supported by the Bahariyya...
, it was named Mansoura (aka. "The Victorious").
In the Seventh Crusade
Seventh Crusade
The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. Approximately 800,000 bezants were paid in ransom for King Louis who, along with thousands of his troops, was captured and defeated by the Egyptian army led by the Ayyubid Sultan Turanshah supported by the Bahariyya...
, the Capetians
Capetian dynasty
The Capetian dynasty , also known as the House of France, is the largest and oldest European royal house, consisting of the descendants of King Hugh Capet of France in the male line. Hugh Capet himself was a cognatic descendant of the Carolingians and the Merovingians, earlier rulers of France...
were defeated and put to flight; between fifteen and thirty thousand of their men fell on the battlefield. Louis IX of France
Louis IX of France
Louis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
was captured in the main Battle of Mansoura, and confined in the house of Ibrahim ben Lokman, secretary of the sultan, and under the guard of the eunuch Sobih. The king's brother was imprisoned in the same house. The sultan provided for their sustenance. The house of Ibrahim ben Lokman is now the only museum in Mansoura. It is open to the public and houses articles that used to belong to the French monarch, including his personal thirteenth century toilet
Toilet
A toilet is a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human excrement, often found in a small room referred to as a toilet/bathroom/lavatory...
.
The Mansura Air Battle on October 14, 1973 occurred during the Yom Kippur War
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War , also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria...
. Israeli Air Force
Israeli Air Force
The Israeli Air Force is the air force of the State of Israel and the aerial arm of the Israel Defense Forces. It was founded on May 28, 1948, shortly after the Israeli Declaration of Independence...
fighters attacking Egyptian air bases were intercepted by the Egyptian Air Force
Egyptian Air Force
The Egyptian Air Force, or EAF , is the aviation branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces. The EAF is headed by an Air Marshal . Currently, the commander of the Egyptian Air Force is Air Marshal Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed...
. On that day, 160 jet fighters, most belonging to Israel, battled for 53 minutes over the Nile Delta town of Al-Mansoura. Despite the numerical and qualitative superiority of the Israeli warplanes, 18 Israeli planes were downed. The rest retreated. Egypt announced the loss of six planes, only three of which fell to Israeli fire. The Egyptian government subsequently changed the country’s "Air Force Day" from November 2 to October 14, to commemorate the Mansoura Air Battle.
Culture
The Egyptian ArabicEgyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic is the language spoken by contemporary Egyptians.It is more commonly known locally as the Egyptian colloquial language or Egyptian dialect ....
dialect spoken by Mansoura's population is a northern Egyptian Arabic dialect, with noticeable influences from the city's surrounding rural villages, each of which has contributed to the city's population over the years. There are some similarities to Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
n Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic is the language spoken by contemporary Egyptians.It is more commonly known locally as the Egyptian colloquial language or Egyptian dialect ....
in some aspects of pronunciation.
Mansoura National Museum used to be Dar Ibn Lockman, the house where Louis IX
Louis IX
Louis IX may refer to:* Louis IX of France .* Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria "the Rich" * Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt ....
was imprisoned in 1250 during the Seventh Crusade
Seventh Crusade
The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. Approximately 800,000 bezants were paid in ransom for King Louis who, along with thousands of his troops, was captured and defeated by the Egyptian army led by the Ayyubid Sultan Turanshah supported by the Bahariyya...
. Displayed in the museum are the suits of mail and swords of the crusaders, as well as a collection of maps. Huge paintings depict the Battle of Mansoura.
The Mansoura branch of the National Library was recently inaugurated as the Mansoura Mubarak Library.
Mansoura is famous for its architectural style, especially the Shinnawi Palace (after Mohamed Bek El-Shinnawi, a member of the Wafd Party
Wafd Party
The Wafd Party was a nationalist liberal political party in Egypt. It was said to be Egypt's most popular and influential political party for a period in the 1920s and 30s...
). It was built by an Italian architect in 1928. The mosque of El-Saleh Ayoub El-Kebir is one of the most important in Mansoura. It was built by a loyal servant of the Sultan and is located in Al-Sagha Street that separates "Old Mansoura" from the modern city.
Like Cairo
Cairo
Cairo , is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life...
and Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
, Mansoura was home to a flourishing Greek
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
community until the Nasserite
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death. A colonel in the Egyptian army, Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 along with Muhammad Naguib, the first president, which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan, and heralded a new period of...
era, when many were forced to leave. Many of the older and best established shops and businesses around the city still bear their original Greek
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
names. The first English school in the city was established on the site of the old Greek
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
school in the Toriel
Toriel
Toriel is located in Mansoura City, Dakahliya Governorate, Egypt.Toriel is in the east region of Mansoura City. It is triangular in shape. One side is bordered by Suez Canal Steet, another is bordered by the Nile River, the base is bordered by the Gedila Region/ At the apex is the Governorate...
area, one of the traditionally relatively affluent residential districts of the city.
Education
Cairo University
Cairo University is a public university located in Giza, Egypt.The university was founded on December 21, 1908, as the result of an effort to establish a national center for educational thought...
. The Mohamed Ghonim
Mohamed Ghonim
Mohamed Ahmed Ghoneim M.D.; is a well-known Egyptian Urologist. He is the Pioneer of Renal Transplantation in Egypt & Arab world. He is an international academic urologic oncologists and one of the world-renowned leaders in the field....
Urology
Urology
Urology is the medical and surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. Medical professionals specializing in the field of urology are called urologists and are trained to diagnose, treat, and manage patients with urological...
and Nephrology
Nephrology
Nephrology is a branch of internal medicine and pediatrics dealing with the study of the function and diseases of the kidney.-Scope of the specialty:...
center of Mansoura University
Mansoura University
Mansoura University was founded in 1972 in Mansoura city, Egypt. Now, it also has in Damietta. It is one of the biggest Egyptian universities and has contributed much to the cultural and scientific life in Mansoura and Egypt.-Hint about:...
is considered to be the best kidney center in the Middle East and Africa.
Mansoura has a sports stadium
Stadium
A modern stadium is a place or venue for outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event.)Pausanias noted that for about half a century the only event...
(Mansoura Stadium
El Mansoura Stadium
El Mansoura Stadium is a multi-use stadium in El Mansoura, Egypt. It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the home games of El Mansoura FC. The stadium holds 20,000 people.-External links:*...
) which is home to its football
Football (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...
team.
Economy
The city's economy depends on trade, agriculture and the recently discovered natural gas.Notable people from Mansoura
- Adel EmamAdel EmamAdel Imam , , born May 17, 1940 in El Mansoura , is a popular Egyptian movie and stage actor. He is primarily a comedian, but he has starred in more serious works and, especially in his earlier films, has combined comedy with romance.Emam earned a Bachelor's Degree in Agriculture from Cairo...
- Ahmed Gamal el-dinAhmed Gamal el-dinDr. Ahmed Gamal El-din MOUSSA is the Minister of Education and Higher Education in Egypt. He was appointed following a cabinet reshuffle led by PM Ahmed Shafik. It is notable to state that he was the Minister of Education before...
- Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
- Anis MansourAnis MansourAnis Mansour, also transliterated as Anīs Manṣūr was an Egyptian writer.Anis Mansour was born in Al-Mansoura. He obtained his BA in philosophy in 1947 and started his journalistic career in the same year by joining "al-asas" newspaper staff, and later he joined many other newspapers and...
- Ali Mubarak
- Amr ZakiAmr ZakiAmr Zaki is an Egyptian footballer who currently plays as a striker for Zamalek and the Egypt national team. He is known for his strong headers and for being a top striker in Africa.-Early career:...
- Ayman NourAyman NourAyman Abd El Aziz Nour is an Egyptian politician, a former member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the El Ghad party.He was imprisoned in January 2005 by the government of President Hosni Mubarak. Nour was released on health grounds on February 18, 2009...
- Farouk El-BazFarouk El-BazFarouk El-Baz is an Egyptian American scientist who worked with NASA to assist in the planning of scientific exploration of the Moon, including the selection of landing sites for the Apollo missions and the training of astronauts in lunar observations and photography.Currently, El-Baz is Research...
- Faten HamamaFaten HamamaFaten Hamama is an Egyptian producer and an acclaimed actress of film, television, and theatre. She was regarded for her performances in a range of film genres, from melodramas to historical films and occasional comedies, though her chief successes were romantic dramas...
- Hassan al-Imam
- Mahmoud El Khatib
- Mohamed GhonimMohamed GhonimMohamed Ahmed Ghoneim M.D.; is a well-known Egyptian Urologist. He is the Pioneer of Renal Transplantation in Egypt & Arab world. He is an international academic urologic oncologists and one of the world-renowned leaders in the field....
- Mohamed SobhyMohamed SobhyMohamed Sobhy is an Egyptian footballer who plays for Ismaily SC in the Egyptian Premier League.Sobhy has played for Ismaily his entire career...
- Muhammad Husayn HaykalMuhammad Husayn HaykalMuhammad Hussein Haekal was an Egyptian writer, journalist, politician and Minister of Education in Egypt.- Life :...
- Muhammad Metwally Al ShaarawyMuhammad Metwally Al ShaarawyMuhammad Metwally El-Shaarawy was an Egyptian Muslim jurist. -Early life:El-Shaarawy was born in Dakadous village, Mit Ghamr, Ad Daqahliyah, Egypt on April 15, 1911. He is a descendant of Ali ibn Abi Talib. He got married while he was in elementary school. He has three sons and two...
- Naguib Pasha MahfouzNaguib Pasha MahfouzNaguib Mikhail Mahfouz is known as the father of obstetrics and gynaecology in Egypt and was a pioneer in obstetric fistula.-Early life:Mahfouz was born to a Coptic Christian family on the January 5, 1882 in the city of Mansoura in the delta of Egypt. He joined Kasr El Aini Medical School in 1898,...
- Rushdy AbazaRushdy AbazaRushdy Said Bughdady Abaza was an Egyptian actor. He died of cancer at the age of 53.-Family:...
- Saad Eddin Ibrahim
- Umm Kulthum