Alaska Airlines Flight 1866
Encyclopedia
Alaska Airlines Flight 1866 was the first fatal jet airliner crash of Alaska Airlines
, an airline registered in the United States. The aircraft crashed into a mountain near Juneau, Alaska
(JNU/PAJN) on approach for landing on September 4, 1971. 111 people were killed. There were no survivors. At the time, it was the worst single plane crash in the history of the United States
until June 24, 1975, when Eastern Airlines Flight 66 crashed.
The aircraft was manufactured in 1966 as c/n 19304 and manufacturer’s serial number 287. It had accumulated 11,344 flight hours prior to the incident.
Seven crew members were aboard, as well as 104 passengers.
The flight landed at Yakutat at 11:07 a.m.. It departed Yakutat at 11.35 a.m. for Juneau.
of the Tongass National Forest
at the 2500-foot level, 35 km (21.7 mi) west of Juneau. The aircraft disintegrated on impact at 12:15 p.m. There were no survivors.
The captain of the flight was Richard C. Adams, age 41 at the time of the crash. Piloting the aircraft at the time was First Officer Leonard D. Beach, age 32. James J. Carson was the second officer. Beach and Carson had been employed with Alaska Airlines in 1966. Adams had been with Alaska Airlines since 1955.
Alaska Airlines is credited as being an airline pioneer in the use of head-up displays, which are seen as assisting air crews to fly to challenging airports. Juneau has been reported to be a challenging airport Takeoffs sometimes require a 180-degree turn inside between an island and the mainland, both of which have steep terrain. In addition, there can be high winds in the vicinity.
Alaska Airlines
Alaska Airlines is an airline based in the Seattle suburb of SeaTac, Washington in the United States. The airline originated in 1932 as McGee Airways. After many mergers with and acquisitions of other airlines, including Star Air Service, it became known as Alaska Airlines in 1944...
, an airline registered in the United States. The aircraft crashed into a mountain near Juneau, Alaska
Juneau, Alaska
The City and Borough of Juneau is a unified municipality located on the Gastineau Channel in the panhandle of the U.S. state of Alaska. It has been the capital of Alaska since 1906, when the government of the then-District of Alaska was moved from Sitka as dictated by the U.S. Congress in 1900...
(JNU/PAJN) on approach for landing on September 4, 1971. 111 people were killed. There were no survivors. At the time, it was the worst single plane crash in the history of the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
until June 24, 1975, when Eastern Airlines Flight 66 crashed.
Preflight history
The aircraft was a Boeing 727-100 with U.S. registry N2969G. Flight 1866 originated in Anchorage, Alaska and had stopped at Cordova (CDV) and Yakutat (YAK/PAYA). It was scheduled to stop in Juneau and Sitka before ending in Seattle.The aircraft was manufactured in 1966 as c/n 19304 and manufacturer’s serial number 287. It had accumulated 11,344 flight hours prior to the incident.
Seven crew members were aboard, as well as 104 passengers.
The flight landed at Yakutat at 11:07 a.m.. It departed Yakutat at 11.35 a.m. for Juneau.
Controlled flight into terrain
The aircraft impacted the eastern slope of a canyon in the Chilkat RangeChilkat Range
The Chilkat Range is a mountain range in Haines Borough and the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska, west of the city of Juneau....
of the Tongass National Forest
Tongass National Forest
The Tongass National Forest in southeastern Alaska is the largest national forest in the United States at 17 million acres . Most of its area is part of the temperate rain forest WWF ecoregion, itself part of the larger Pacific temperate rain forest WWF ecoregion, and is remote enough to be home...
at the 2500-foot level, 35 km (21.7 mi) west of Juneau. The aircraft disintegrated on impact at 12:15 p.m. There were no survivors.
The captain of the flight was Richard C. Adams, age 41 at the time of the crash. Piloting the aircraft at the time was First Officer Leonard D. Beach, age 32. James J. Carson was the second officer. Beach and Carson had been employed with Alaska Airlines in 1966. Adams had been with Alaska Airlines since 1955.
Probable cause
The NTSB released their report on 11 October 1972. In it, they stated that the probable cause of the accident was "a display of misleading navigational information concerning the flight's progress along the localizer course which resulted in a premature descent below obstacle clearance altitude. The origin or nature of the misleading navigational information could not be determined. The Board further concludes that the crew did not use all available navigational aids to check the flight's progress along the localizer nor were these aids required to be used. The crew also did not perform the required audio identification of the pertinent navigational facilities."Modern improvements relating to Juneau
In 1989, Alaska Airlines became the first airline to use head-up guidance systems for passenger flights. These are credited for reducing disruptions caused by fog.Alaska Airlines is credited as being an airline pioneer in the use of head-up displays, which are seen as assisting air crews to fly to challenging airports. Juneau has been reported to be a challenging airport Takeoffs sometimes require a 180-degree turn inside between an island and the mainland, both of which have steep terrain. In addition, there can be high winds in the vicinity.