Albert A. Murphree
Encyclopedia
Albert Alexander Murphree (April 29, 1870 – December 20, 1927) was an American college professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...

 and university president. Murphree was a native of Alabama
Alabama
Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland...

, and became a mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...

 instructor after earning his bachelor's degree
Bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree is usually an academic degree awarded for an undergraduate course or major that generally lasts for three or four years, but can range anywhere from two to six years depending on the region of the world...

. He later served as the third president of Florida State College (later renamed Florida State University
Florida State University
The Florida State University is a space-grant and sea-grant public university located in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. It is a comprehensive doctoral research university with medical programs and significant research activity as determined by the Carnegie Foundation...

) from 1897 to 1909, and the second president of the University of Florida
University of Florida
The University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...

 from 1909 to 1927. Murphree is the only person to have been the president of both of Florida's original state universities
State university system
A state university system in the United States is a group of public universities supported by an individual state, or a similar entity such as the District of Columbia. These systems constitute the majority of public-funded universities in the country...

, the University of Florida and Florida State University, and he played an important role in the organization, growth and ultimate success of both institutions.

Early life and education

Murphree was born near Chepultepec, Alabama
Blount County, Alabama
Blount County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 57,322. Its county seat is Oneonta.Blount County is a dry county.-History:...

 in 1870. His father was Jesee Ellis Murphree, a Confederate
Confederate States Army
The Confederate States Army was the army of the Confederate States of America while the Confederacy existed during the American Civil War. On February 8, 1861, delegates from the seven Deep South states which had already declared their secession from the United States of America adopted the...

 veteran
Veteran
A veteran is a person who has had long service or experience in a particular occupation or field; " A veteran of ..."...

 of the Civil War; his mother was Emily Helen Cornelius. His parents raised him in a family of ten children in Walnut Grove, Alabama
Walnut Grove, Alabama
Walnut Grove is a town in Etowah County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2000 census the population was 710.-Geography:Walnut Grove is located at .According to the U.S...

, where he attended community schools and a local two-year college. He graduated from the University of Nashville
University of Nashville
The University of Nashville was an educational institution that existed as a distinct entity from 1826 until 1909. During its history, it operated at various times a medical school, a four-year military college, a literary arts college, and a boys preparatory school...

 with a bachelor of arts
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...

 degree in 1894, and taught mathematics at several high schools and small colleges in Alabama, Tennessee and Texas. In 1895, he became a mathematics instructor at the West Florida Seminary
History of Florida State University
The history of Florida State University dates to the 19th century and is deeply intertwined with the history of education in the state of Florida and in the city of Tallahassee....

 (now known as Florida State University) in Tallahassee, Florida
Tallahassee, Florida
Tallahassee is the capital of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County, and is the 128th largest city in the United States. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2010, the population recorded by...

, and two years later, its board of trustees
Board of directors
A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names include board of governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees, and board of visitors...

 appointed him as the seminary's third president in 1897, at the age of 27. Later, Murphree married Jennie Henderson, the daughter of one of the seminary's trustees. He subsequently started and completed the academic work for a master of arts
Master of Arts (postgraduate)
A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...

 degree while serving as president of the seminary.

Professor and university president

In 1905, several prominent political backers advanced Murphree's name to be the first president of the new University of the State of Florida
University of Florida
The University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...

 located in Gainesville, Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Gainesville is the largest city in, and the county seat of, Alachua County, Florida, United States as well as the principal city of the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . The preliminary 2010 Census population count for Gainesville is 124,354. Gainesville is home to the sixth...

, which was the newly consolidated men's university and land-grant college created by the Florida Legislature
Florida Legislature
The Florida State Legislature is the term often used to refer to the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida. The Florida Constitution states that "The legislative power of the state shall be vested in a legislature of the State of Florida," composed of a Senate...

's passage of the Buckman Act
Henry Holland Buckman
Henry Holland Buckman was an attorney from Duval County, Florida, who became a legislator in the Florida Legislature and served on the Judiciary Committee...

. Instead, the Florida Board of Control
Florida Board of Control
The Florida Board of Control was the statewide governing body for the State University System of Florida, which included all public universities in the state of Florida. It was replaced by the Florida Board of Regents in 1965.- History :...

 selected Andrew Sledd
Andrew Sledd
Andrew Warren Sledd was an American theologian, university professor and university president. A native of Virginia, he was the son of a prominent Methodist minister, and was himself ordained as a minister after earning his bachelor's degree and master's degree...

, then the president of the University of Florida in Lake City
History of the University of Florida
The history of the University of Florida is firmly tied to the history of public education in the state of Florida. The University of Florida, colloquially known as "Florida" or "UF," originated as several distinct institutions that were merged to create a single state-supported university by the...

, to be the first president of the new men's university. Murphree continued to serve as the president of Florida State College, which became the all-female Florida Female College under the Buckman Act. From 1905 to 1909, Murphree emphasized greater academic expectations for his female students, while upgrading and expanding the college's curriculum
Curriculum
See also Syllabus.In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses, and their content, offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults...

 to meet modern university standards. In 1909, Murphree convinced the legislature to change the name of the college to the Florida State College for Women.
When the first president of the University of Florida, Andrew Sledd, was not re-appointed for the 1909–1910 school year because of a conflict over what the new governor and members of the Florida Board of Education
Florida Board of Education
The Florida Board of Education also known as the State Board of Education is a committee composed of members appointed by the Florida Governor to guide and direct public K-12 & Community College education in Florida.- History :...

 believed were Sledd's inflexible admissions standards that were impeding the growth of the university, Murphree's name was once again advanced as a replacement. This time, the Board of Control voted unanimously to approve his appointment. Murphree assumed his new duties during the summer of 1909, and worked diligently with his predecessor to ensure a smooth transition that capitalized on previous successes. In a surprise to some of his previous political supporters, Murphree endorsed Sledd's admissions standards, and thereafter actually tightened the requirements for entry again in 1912.
Beginning in 1910, Murphree reorganized the university's administration into four academic colleges: the College of Arts and Sciences
University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
The University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences is the University of Florida's college for the liberal arts and sciences. and the largest of the university's 16 colleges. Most core curriculum classes and 42 majors and minors are part of the college...

, the College of Law, the College of Agriculture
University of Florida College of Agricultural and Life Sciences
The University of Florida College of Agricultural and Life Sciences , founded in 1964, is a college of the University of Florida.The programs offered specialize in agriculture, natural resources, and life sciences...

, and the College of Engineering
University of Florida College of Engineering
The College of Engineering at the University of Florida provides formal education and research in more than 12 fields of engineering, including: aerospace, agricultural, biological, biomedical, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, environmental, industrial, materials, and mechanical.-History:The...

, as well as the Graduate School
Graduate school
A graduate school is a school that awards advanced academic degrees with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate degree...

. Murphree took particular interest in the "School of Graduate Studies," and the university awarded its first master's degree in 1910. He later oversaw the addition of the College of Education
University of Florida College of Education
The University of Florida College of Education, is a part of the University of Florida offering specializations in special education, higher education, educational policy, elementary education, counseling, teaching, and other educational programs. It is consistently ranked one of the top schools of...

 in 1912, the School of Pharmacy
University of Florida College of Pharmacy
The University of Florida College of Pharmacy is an American pharmacy school founded in 1923 and located in Gainesville, Florida. The Doctor of Pharmacy program is fully accredited by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education....

 in 1924, the School of Architecture
University of Florida College of Design, Construction and Planning
The College of Design, Construction and Planning is the academic unit at the University of Florida. Established in 1925, the college today includes two schools and three departments...

 in 1925, and the College of Commerce and Journalism
Warrington College of Business
The Warrington College of Business Administration is the business school at the University of Florida. About 6300 students are enrolled in classes, including undergraduates and graduate students, including Master of Business Administration and Ph.D.-seeking students.Undergraduate programs include...

 in 1927. During Murphree's term, he oversaw the construction of ten new major buildings, including such historical landmarks as Flint Hall
Flint Hall (Gainesville, Florida)
Flint Hall is a historic site in Gainesville, Florida, United States. It is located in the northeastern section of the University of Florida. On June 27, 1979, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places...

 (Science Department), Floyd Hall (College of Agriculture), Peabody Hall
Peabody Hall (Gainesville, Florida)
Peabody Hall is a historic site in Gainesville, Florida, United States. It is located in the northeastern section of the University of Florida. On June 27, 1979, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places...

 (College of Education), the University Auditorium
University Auditorium (Gainesville, Florida)
The University Auditorium, originally known as the Memorial Auditorium and sometimes called the University of Florida Auditorium, is an historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States....

, and the new University Library (now known as Smathers Library East
Library East (Gainesville, Florida)
Library East is a historic library in Gainesville, Florida, United States. It is located in the northeastern section of the University of Florida in the middle of the Campus Historic District. When it was first created it was the largest building on campus at that time.-History:This facility was...

). The University of Florida's enrollment grew from 186 students in 1909 to over 2,000 in 1927.

Murphree is reported to have taken pride in knowing every Florida student by name. Under Murphree, student leaders formed the Florida Blue Key
Florida Blue Key
Florida Blue Key is a student honor and service society at the University of Florida. It is often written and referred to by the initialism "FBK."This organization was started at the University of Florida in 1923 under the presidency of Albert Murphree...

 leadership society in 1923, the university celebrated its first homecoming
Homecoming
Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back alumni of a school. It most commonly refers to a tradition in many universities, colleges and high schools in North America...

 parade in 1924, and students organized the first Gator Growl
Gator Growl
Gator Growl, produced by Florida Blue Key, is a student-run pep rally at the University of Florida that was founded in 1932. It marks the culminating moment of Homecoming Week at the university. Designated the largest student-run pep rally in the world, the show is held annually in Ben Hill Griffin...

 pep rally and variety show in 1925.

While president of Florida, Murphree became a friend of William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was an American politician in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. He was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as its candidate for President of the United States...

, the former U.S. Representative from Nebraska
Nebraska
Nebraska is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River....

 and the Democratic Party
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...

 nominee for President in 1896, 1900 and 1908. Bryan established a winter residence in Miami, Florida
Miami, Florida
Miami is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625...

 in 1912, and became a full-time Florida resident in 1921. Bryan was a frequent speaker throughout Florida, and first met Murphree at a speech at the university in 1916. As a result of his friendship with Murphree, Bryan volunteered to be the fund-raising drive chairman for the construction of the university's new Florida Union
Student activity center
A student activity center is a type of building found on university campuses. In the United States, such a building is more often called a student union, student commons, or student center...

 building (now known as Dauer Hall).

Murphree's name was floated as a possible gubernatorial
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...

 candidate on several occasions, but he publicly disavowed any personal interest in elected office. Without consulting Murphree in advance, on January 13, 1924, William Jennings Bryan announced his candidacy to be a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention
Democratic National Convention
The Democratic National Convention is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the United States Democratic Party. They have been administered by the Democratic National Committee since the 1852 national convention...

, where, if elected, he would nominate Murphree as the party's candidate for President of the United States
President of the United States
The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....

 in the 1924 election. Bryan campaigned vigorously despite Murphree's steadfast refusal to do so as a candidate. Murphree stated that he was flattered by Bryan's effort, but "Nobody expects a Southern
Southern United States
The Southern United States—commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South—constitutes a large distinctive area in the southeastern and south-central United States...

 man to be nominated President, much less a Florida man." Florida newspapers urged Murphree to run, but few others took his candidacy seriously. Bryan was elected as a delegate to the Democratic Convention, pledged to support Murphree's nomination, but Bryan was greeted by boos and jeers at the convention because of his nomination of Murphree. Bryan later told Senator J. Thomas Heflin
J. Thomas Heflin
James Thomas Heflin , nicknamed "Cotton Tom", was a leading proponent of white supremacy, most notably as a United States Senator from Alabama.-Biography:...

 that his reception by his fellow convention delegates was the most humiliating of his life.

Murphree was elected president of the National Association of State Universities
Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities
The Association of Public and Land-grant Universities is an American voluntary, non-profit association of public research universities, land-grant institutions, and state university systems. It has member campuses in all 50 states and the U.S. territories...

 in 1927.

Death and legacy

Murphree died unexpectedly in his sleep, at the age of 57, in Gainesville on December 20, 1927. His wife Jennie had died six years earlier in 1921. Murphree and his wife were survived by four children––two sons, John A.H. Murphree and Albert A. Murphree, Jr., and two daughters, Alberta Murphree Worth and Martha Murphree Wallace. Murphree's daughter Martha graduated from Florida State College for Women with a bachelor's degree in 1925. His son and namesake, Albert A. "Waddy" Murphree, Jr., graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor's degree in 1929, earned a master's degree from Oxford University  as a Rhodes Scholar from 1929 to 1933, and would later serve as a professor of English literature
English literature
English literature is the literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; for example, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Joseph Conrad was Polish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, J....

 at the university from 1941 to 1974.

Murphree, who was the second choice to be the first president of the University of Florida, served longer as the second leader of the university than all but one of its other ten presidents. While he was not the founding president, Murphree built upon the solid academic standards, faculty selections and planning of his predecessor, Andrew Sledd, and greatly expanded and improved upon them; he imposed the university's modern organizational structure and was responsible for the beginnings of many of its traditions.

After his death, Murphree was widely praised on the editorial
Editorial
An opinion piece is an article, published in a newspaper or magazine, that mainly reflects the author's opinion about the subject. Opinion pieces are featured in many periodicals.-Editorials:...

 pages of newspapers throughout the state and region. He was credited with helping the University of Florida grow from a small state college into a rapidly expanding regional university in his eighteen years as its president.
The two universities that Murphree nurtured in their infancy continued to grow and prosper after his death. In 2010, Florida State University had a total enrollment of over 41,000 undergraduate, graduate and professional student
Professional student
The term Professional student has two uses in the university setting:*In the United States and Canada, if not elsewhere, a professional student is a student majoring in what are considered the professional degrees. These include Veterinary Medicine , Law , Medicine , Engineering, Business...

s; the University of Florida enrolled over 50,000 total students. In a little over one hundred years, the two national research universities, in whose early expansion and improvement Murphree had played a fundamental role, had grown to take their places among the largest single-campus universities in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, the University of Florida among the ten largest.

In honor of its second president, the University of Florida erected a statue of Murphree on its Gainesville campus, adjacent to such landmarks as the Plaza of the Americas
Plaza of the Americas
The Plaza of the Americas is a major center of student activity on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. It is located in the quad between Library West, Peabody Hall, the University Auditorium, and the Chemistry Building....

, Library East and Peabody Hall; Murphree is the only Florida president so honored. Florida also named one of its early dormitories, Murphree Hall
Murphree Hall (Gainesville, Florida)
Murphree Hall is a historic student residence building located in the Murphree Area on the northern edge of the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida. It was designed by architect Rudolph Weaver in the Collegiate Gothic style and completed in 1939. The building was named for Albert...

, in tribute. In remembrance of its third president, Florida State University erected a campus statue adjacent to Jennie Murphree Hall, named for Murphree's wife.

See also

  • History of Florida
    History of Florida
    The history of Florida can be traced back to when the first Native Americans began to inhabit the peninsula as early as 14,000 years ago. Recorded history begins with the arrival of Europeans to Florida, beginning with the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, who explored the area in 1513...

  • History of Florida State University
    History of Florida State University
    The history of Florida State University dates to the 19th century and is deeply intertwined with the history of education in the state of Florida and in the city of Tallahassee....

  • History of the University of Florida
    History of the University of Florida
    The history of the University of Florida is firmly tied to the history of public education in the state of Florida. The University of Florida, colloquially known as "Florida" or "UF," originated as several distinct institutions that were merged to create a single state-supported university by the...

  • List of Florida State University alumni
  • List of Presidents of the University of Florida
  • List of University of Florida buildings
  • State University System of Florida
    State University System of Florida
    The State University System of Florida is a system of eleven public universities in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2011, over 320,000 students were enrolled in Florida's state universities...


External links

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