Albert Kenessey
Encyclopedia
Dr. Albert Kenessey. Noted Surgeon-in-Chief and Director of the City Hospital of Balassagyarmat
in Hungary
, which now bears his name; Honorary Freeman of the city of Balassagyarmat
; recipient of the Gold Medal of the Order of Labour of the Hungarian State.
as the second child, first son of Béla Kenessey and Ilona Vágfalvy. When he was 5 years old his father was appointed rector of the Theological University in the then-Hungarian city of Kolozsvár (after 1918 Cluj
in Romania
, since 1994 Cluj-Napoca
), so the family moved to Transsylvania (in 1910 Kenessey’s father was to become bishop of Transsylvania). In 1900 Kenessey’s mother died, and he and his sister were raised by their grandmother, an exceptionally strict and demanding woman.
After gymnasium Albert Kenessey began his study of medicine at the University of Kolozsvár. He wrote his doctoral thesis on animal studies of vascular surgery with Prof. Kálmán Buday as supervisor. On May 2, 1913, he was awarded his doctorate, “sub auspicis regis”, under the patronage of the king. This indicated that from the first year of elementary school until the last examination at the university he always received the best possible marks. In recognition of this, the minister of culture and sciences, Béla Jankovics, presented him with a ring showing the letters FJ and a crown set in diamonds on blue enamel and surrounded with diamonds (FJ stood for Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy). In connection with this, the young Kenessey was expected to request an audition with the King in order to thank for the ring, a request that was usually granted, but in this case, possibly due to the tense political situation and/or the advanced age of the monarch, the occasion did not materialize, to Kenessey’s later regret.
Kenessey had decided to become a surgeon
and he started working as assistant-in-training at the surgical clinic of Budapest
. When in 1914 the First World War broke out he had to go to the front. He soon earned the Signum Laudis award for bravery but in 1915 he contracted typhoid fever
. He was sent home to Kolozsvár where for weeks he fought a life-and-death struggle against the disease in an era without antibiotics. He survived, but barely. He lost half of his weight and developed thrombosis
in his right leg, the consequences of which plagued him for the rest of his life. After his recovery he worked for some time in a hospital at the Italian front. After the war he went to Budapest
and worked in the Rokus Hospital where he finished his surgical training.
for several years in Budapest
, in 1925 Kenessey moved to the city of Balassagyarmat
in the north of Hungary
(on the border with Slovakia
) as the director and Surgeon-in-Chief of the hospital in that city. In 1926 he married Ida Gizella Koltai, daughter of a well-to-do lawyer in that city. The couple soon had three children: Ilona (1927), Béla (1929), and Miklos (1933). In the 19 years between 1925 and 1944 he transformed the rather decrepit, small hospital to one of the best-known, most respected hospitals of the country with 1000 beds. In 1935, he became Medical Counsellor (Egészségügyi Fötanácsos) to the Hungarian government. During the final year of World War II
, with Sovjet and German troops battling along a front line that ran close to Balassagyarmat
, the hospital was severely damaged and Kenessey had to work under very primitive conditions. In the following years, while no longer director of the hospital, he continued to work as chief of the surgical unit and contributed in a major way to the rebuilding of the hospital. Kenessey retired as Surgeon-in-Chief in 1960, when he was 71 years old, but continued to work in the outpatients clinic until 1971, when he was 82 years old. In the last years of his life he became almost blind. He spent his days listening to classical music. On the 31st of January 1973 he died of heart failure.
Kenessey received several major honours, and his stature was notably neutral to politics: the Horthy administration called him the incarnation of their ideals, while the communist regime gave him the title Merited Physician of the Hungarian People’s Republic. He was never a member of a political party and was never known to have attended a political meeting. However, in 1944 he publicly protested the treatment of the Jews at the hands of the German war-time administration in occupied Hungary
, citing unacceptable hygienic conditions in the ghetto. During his whole career he was very much loved and respected, by patients and colleagues alike. He was said to have exquisite bedside manners. In 1971 Kenessey became Honorary Freeman of the city of Balassagyarmat
. In 1969, for his 80th birthday, Kenessey was bestowed the Gold Medal of the Order of Labour. Post-humously, the hospital in Balassagyarmat
was named after him, and one of the streets in Balassagyarmat
bears his name. A small exhibit in the local museum, and a plaque on the house where he lived, also pay tribute to him.
Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat is a town in northern Hungary. It was the seat of the Nógrád comitatus.- History :The town's coat-of-arms bears the Latin inscription "Civitas Fortissima" , because in January 1919 Czechoslovak troops crossed the demarcation line delineated in December 1918 in preparation for the...
in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, which now bears his name; Honorary Freeman of the city of Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat is a town in northern Hungary. It was the seat of the Nógrád comitatus.- History :The town's coat-of-arms bears the Latin inscription "Civitas Fortissima" , because in January 1919 Czechoslovak troops crossed the demarcation line delineated in December 1918 in preparation for the...
; recipient of the Gold Medal of the Order of Labour of the Hungarian State.
Early life and education
Dr. Albert Kenessey (full name in Hungarian: Kenesei Kenessey Albert Laszló; in English: Albert Laszló Kenessey de Kenese) was born on 27 April 1889 in BudapestBudapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
as the second child, first son of Béla Kenessey and Ilona Vágfalvy. When he was 5 years old his father was appointed rector of the Theological University in the then-Hungarian city of Kolozsvár (after 1918 Cluj
Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca , commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest , Budapest and Belgrade...
in Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, since 1994 Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca , commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest , Budapest and Belgrade...
), so the family moved to Transsylvania (in 1910 Kenessey’s father was to become bishop of Transsylvania). In 1900 Kenessey’s mother died, and he and his sister were raised by their grandmother, an exceptionally strict and demanding woman.
After gymnasium Albert Kenessey began his study of medicine at the University of Kolozsvár. He wrote his doctoral thesis on animal studies of vascular surgery with Prof. Kálmán Buday as supervisor. On May 2, 1913, he was awarded his doctorate, “sub auspicis regis”, under the patronage of the king. This indicated that from the first year of elementary school until the last examination at the university he always received the best possible marks. In recognition of this, the minister of culture and sciences, Béla Jankovics, presented him with a ring showing the letters FJ and a crown set in diamonds on blue enamel and surrounded with diamonds (FJ stood for Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy). In connection with this, the young Kenessey was expected to request an audition with the King in order to thank for the ring, a request that was usually granted, but in this case, possibly due to the tense political situation and/or the advanced age of the monarch, the occasion did not materialize, to Kenessey’s later regret.
Kenessey had decided to become a surgeon
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
and he started working as assistant-in-training at the surgical clinic of Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
. When in 1914 the First World War broke out he had to go to the front. He soon earned the Signum Laudis award for bravery but in 1915 he contracted typhoid fever
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known as Typhoid, is a common worldwide bacterial disease, transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person, which contain the bacterium Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhi...
. He was sent home to Kolozsvár where for weeks he fought a life-and-death struggle against the disease in an era without antibiotics. He survived, but barely. He lost half of his weight and developed thrombosis
Thrombosis
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injured, the body uses platelets and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss...
in his right leg, the consequences of which plagued him for the rest of his life. After his recovery he worked for some time in a hospital at the Italian front. After the war he went to Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
and worked in the Rokus Hospital where he finished his surgical training.
Life and work
After working as a surgeonSurgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
for several years in Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
, in 1925 Kenessey moved to the city of Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat is a town in northern Hungary. It was the seat of the Nógrád comitatus.- History :The town's coat-of-arms bears the Latin inscription "Civitas Fortissima" , because in January 1919 Czechoslovak troops crossed the demarcation line delineated in December 1918 in preparation for the...
in the north of Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
(on the border with Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
) as the director and Surgeon-in-Chief of the hospital in that city. In 1926 he married Ida Gizella Koltai, daughter of a well-to-do lawyer in that city. The couple soon had three children: Ilona (1927), Béla (1929), and Miklos (1933). In the 19 years between 1925 and 1944 he transformed the rather decrepit, small hospital to one of the best-known, most respected hospitals of the country with 1000 beds. In 1935, he became Medical Counsellor (Egészségügyi Fötanácsos) to the Hungarian government. During the final year of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, with Sovjet and German troops battling along a front line that ran close to Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat is a town in northern Hungary. It was the seat of the Nógrád comitatus.- History :The town's coat-of-arms bears the Latin inscription "Civitas Fortissima" , because in January 1919 Czechoslovak troops crossed the demarcation line delineated in December 1918 in preparation for the...
, the hospital was severely damaged and Kenessey had to work under very primitive conditions. In the following years, while no longer director of the hospital, he continued to work as chief of the surgical unit and contributed in a major way to the rebuilding of the hospital. Kenessey retired as Surgeon-in-Chief in 1960, when he was 71 years old, but continued to work in the outpatients clinic until 1971, when he was 82 years old. In the last years of his life he became almost blind. He spent his days listening to classical music. On the 31st of January 1973 he died of heart failure.
Honours and awards; politics; standing in society
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, citing unacceptable hygienic conditions in the ghetto. During his whole career he was very much loved and respected, by patients and colleagues alike. He was said to have exquisite bedside manners. In 1971 Kenessey became Honorary Freeman of the city of Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat is a town in northern Hungary. It was the seat of the Nógrád comitatus.- History :The town's coat-of-arms bears the Latin inscription "Civitas Fortissima" , because in January 1919 Czechoslovak troops crossed the demarcation line delineated in December 1918 in preparation for the...
. In 1969, for his 80th birthday, Kenessey was bestowed the Gold Medal of the Order of Labour. Post-humously, the hospital in Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat is a town in northern Hungary. It was the seat of the Nógrád comitatus.- History :The town's coat-of-arms bears the Latin inscription "Civitas Fortissima" , because in January 1919 Czechoslovak troops crossed the demarcation line delineated in December 1918 in preparation for the...
was named after him, and one of the streets in Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat
Balassagyarmat is a town in northern Hungary. It was the seat of the Nógrád comitatus.- History :The town's coat-of-arms bears the Latin inscription "Civitas Fortissima" , because in January 1919 Czechoslovak troops crossed the demarcation line delineated in December 1918 in preparation for the...
bears his name. A small exhibit in the local museum, and a plaque on the house where he lived, also pay tribute to him.