Aleksander Ilyich Akhiezer
Encyclopedia
Aleksander Ilyich Akhiezer (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Ахие́зер)
(October 31, 1911 - May 4, 2000) was
a Soviet nuclear physicist, known for his scientific contributions to quantum electrodynamics
,
three hundred articles and eleven scientific books in his area.
Akhiezer was born in Cherykaw
in what is now Mahilyow Voblast
, Belarus
.
He studied radio engineering at Kiev Polytechnic Institute
1929-34, and
joined his elder mathematician brother Naum Ilyich Akhiezer
for studies at Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute. With Isaak Pomeranchuk
and
under the supervision of Lev Landau
, he
studied light-light scattering and was awarded a Ph.D.
in 1936.
When Landau left in 1938, Akhiezer was given the position as
head of Theoretical Physics.
A treatise on wave absorption in modulated quasiparticles
gave him a habilitation
degree in 1941, since when he was
full professor at the same place until his passing at the age of 89.
With Cyril Sinelnikov
and Anton K. Valter he founded the faculty of physics and technology.
With Pomeranchuk he studied neutron scattering
and plasma physics at the
Kurchatov nuclear physics institute in Moscow
(1944–52).
(October 31, 1911 - May 4, 2000) was
a Soviet nuclear physicist, known for his scientific contributions to quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved...
,
three hundred articles and eleven scientific books in his area.
Akhiezer was born in Cherykaw
Cherykaw Raion
Cherykaw Raion is a raion in Mahilyow Voblast, Belarus, the administrative center is Cherykaw....
in what is now Mahilyow Voblast
Mahilyow Voblast
Mahilyow Voblasts or Mogilyov Oblast is a province of Belarus with its administrative center being Mogilyov ....
, Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
.
He studied radio engineering at Kiev Polytechnic Institute
Kiev Polytechnic Institute
The National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” is a major university in Kiev, Ukraine.-History:The institute was founded in 1898. At that time it had four departments: Mechanical, Chemical, Agricultural, and Civil Engineering. The first enrolment constituted 360 students...
1929-34, and
joined his elder mathematician brother Naum Ilyich Akhiezer
for studies at Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute. With Isaak Pomeranchuk
Isaak Pomeranchuk
Isaak Yakovlevich Pomeranchuk was a Soviet physicist, who was the founder and first head of the theory division at ITEP. The particle pomeron is named in his honour. For his work, Pomeranchuk was twice awarded Stalin Prize .-External links:**...
and
under the supervision of Lev Landau
Lev Landau
Lev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics...
, he
studied light-light scattering and was awarded a Ph.D.
Ph.D.
A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
in 1936.
When Landau left in 1938, Akhiezer was given the position as
head of Theoretical Physics.
A treatise on wave absorption in modulated quasiparticles
gave him a habilitation
Habilitation
Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a scholar can achieve by his or her own pursuit in several European and Asian countries. Earned after obtaining a research doctorate, such as a PhD, habilitation requires the candidate to write a professorial thesis based on independent...
degree in 1941, since when he was
full professor at the same place until his passing at the age of 89.
With Cyril Sinelnikov
Cyril Sinelnikov
Cyril Dmiriyevich Sinelnikov was a Russian nuclear physicist of world renown, considered the greatest organizer of science the USSR has ever had. The Sinelnikov Prize for outstanding works in the field of physics is named after him.-External links:...
and Anton K. Valter he founded the faculty of physics and technology.
With Pomeranchuk he studied neutron scattering
Neutron scattering
Neutron scattering,the scattering of free neutrons by matter,is a physical processand an experimental technique using this processfor the investigation of materials.Neutron scattering as a physical process is of primordial importance...
and plasma physics at the
Kurchatov nuclear physics institute in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
(1944–52).
Awards
- 1949 L. I. Mandelshtam Prize of the Academy of Sciences of the USSRRussian Academy of SciencesThe Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
- 1998 Pomeranchuk PrizePomeranchuk PrizeThe Pomeranchuk Prize is an international award for theoretical physics, awarded annually since 1998 by the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics from Moscow...
Books
- First Russian book on nuclear reactions (1945)
- Quantum electrodynamics (1965)
- General physics: Mechanical and Molecular Physics (1965). With Lev LandauLev LandauLev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics...
and Evgeny LifshitzEvgeny LifshitzEvgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz was a leading Soviet physicist of Jewish origin and the brother of physicist Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz. Lifshitz is well known in general relativity for coauthoring the BKL conjecture concerning the nature of a generic curvature... - Spin waves (1968). With Viktor G. Baryakhtar and Sergei V. Peletminskii.
- Evolving physical picture of the world (1973 in Russian; updated version 1996 in English)
- Plasma electrodynamics (1975)
- Physics of elementary particles (1979), Elementary Particles (1986) and Biography of elementary particles (1979). With Mikhail P. Rekalo.
- From quanta of light to colour quarks (1993). With Yu. P. Stepanovsky.