Alexander Brodsky
Encyclopedia
Alexander Savvich Brodsky (1955) is a Russian architect
and sculptor. He is one of Russia’s best known architects, particularly for his works of paper architecture.
), and furthermore, worked alongside Ilya Utkin in his etchings of distorted cityscapes. Paper architecture was a response to state sanctioned architecture that consisted of standardised and often poorly constructed buildings, which imbued their environments with a communist aesthetic. Such a response allowed paper architects to retreat into their imaginations and defy uniform Soviet architecture through vivid depictions of constructivism
, deconstructivism
and postmodernism
. According to Anna Sokolina, paper architects rose to prominence within the Western world as many of their works won prestigious awards in professional competitions and helped to shape an understanding of Russian modern and postmodern architecture. Scholarship has shown that the whimsical and constructivist etchings of Brodsky and Utkin translate mere illustrations into narratives through the introduction of human characters. These were narratives that voiced man’s alienation within the urban world and provided a commentary on the loss of Moscows historical architectural heritage.
asked Brodsky to transform an unused set of tracks in the Canal Street subway station. Brodsky transformed the station for two months into a Venetian lagoon using a 5000 gallon tank, which held life-size gondolas and cut out passengers. In 1999 Brodsky created Palazzo Nudo in Pittsburgh, a 16 metre high house shaped skeleton with the crumbled ruins of the metropolis heaped in the centre. Coma, 2000, displayed at the Guelman Gallery in Moscow showed the city “as if it was in a hospital or on a surgeon’s table” and his work produced for 2006 Venice Architecture Biennale was an ominous and foreboding comment on the doomed fate of Venice sinking into the sea. Night Before the Attack, 2009, is Brodskys most recent installation, which discusses the associations of emotion with structure and scale. Brodsky used the title to enlighten the viewer’s understanding of a story that lay beneath the artwork. Such a narrative has imbued new meaning and significance to the old structures that have been appropriated within the insallation.
Brodskys projects are often built from nothing. His use of recycled materials, window frames, glass and plastic bags to create new structures creates a unique aesthetic. His architectural style combines local and reused materials in such a way that creates buildings that feel both traditional and modern but remain inventive and original.
The paper architects of the late 1970’s and 1980’s gained critical and commercial success outside of Russia though professional competitions and exhibitions. Interest in Soviet paper architecture was high from the late 1980s until the early 2000’s with many exhibitions across America, as well as in Western Europe. This interest in Brodskys work allowed him to travel to America and to begin exhibiting his installations.
Brodsky’s installations were well received (he was invited to participate in the 2006 Venice Biennale) but did not, however, translate into commercial success. In light of this fact, Brodsky returned to his original profession - architecture. His buildings have been applauded for their tendency to incorporate traditional elements of Soviet architecture, such as form, material and techniques, into modern and unique structures. They have also helped to define Russian architecture within the 21st Century, and more importantly, to determine the future direction of architectural culture.
Many viewers however criticise the lack of radicalism within his built works. Whilst his earlier etchings and installations are an obvious reaction against the dehumanising nature of Soviet approved architecture and the lack of care for traditions, the anxiety and chaos of these works are not apparent in his built projects. Brodsky says in reaction to this “I want to design spaces that make people feel good.”
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
and sculptor. He is one of Russia’s best known architects, particularly for his works of paper architecture.
Early Work
Alexander Brodsky was educated at the Moscow Architecture Institute where he graduated in 1978. Brodsky’s first encounter with the public eye was during the late 1970’s. He was a key member of the paper architects (visionary architectureVisionary architecture
Visionary architecture is the name given to architecture which exists only on paper or which has visionary qualities. While the term ‘visionary’ suggests the idea of an idealistic, impractical or Utopian notion, it also depicts a mental picture produced by the imagination...
), and furthermore, worked alongside Ilya Utkin in his etchings of distorted cityscapes. Paper architecture was a response to state sanctioned architecture that consisted of standardised and often poorly constructed buildings, which imbued their environments with a communist aesthetic. Such a response allowed paper architects to retreat into their imaginations and defy uniform Soviet architecture through vivid depictions of constructivism
Constructivism
Constructivism may refer to:* Constructivist epistemology, the philosophical view* Constructivism in international relations* Constructivism , a philosophical view on mathematical proofs and existence of mathematical objects...
, deconstructivism
Deconstructivism
Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s. It is characterized by ideas of fragmentation, an interest in manipulating ideas of a structure's surface or skin, non-rectilinear shapes which serve to distort and dislocate some of the elements of...
and postmodernism
Postmodernism
Postmodernism is a philosophical movement evolved in reaction to modernism, the tendency in contemporary culture to accept only objective truth and to be inherently suspicious towards a global cultural narrative or meta-narrative. Postmodernist thought is an intentional departure from the...
. According to Anna Sokolina, paper architects rose to prominence within the Western world as many of their works won prestigious awards in professional competitions and helped to shape an understanding of Russian modern and postmodern architecture. Scholarship has shown that the whimsical and constructivist etchings of Brodsky and Utkin translate mere illustrations into narratives through the introduction of human characters. These were narratives that voiced man’s alienation within the urban world and provided a commentary on the loss of Moscows historical architectural heritage.
Installations
Brodsky travelled to New York in 1990 at the invitation of gallerist Ronald Feldman and then moved there in 1996 to complete public projects as well as personal installations. In 1996 the Public Art FundPublic Art Fund
The Public Art Fund is a non-profit organization founded in 1977 by Doris Freedman , a Director of New York City's Department of Cultural Affairs, and the President of the Municipal Art Society. They have organized highly visible artists' projects, new commissions, installations and exhibitions in...
asked Brodsky to transform an unused set of tracks in the Canal Street subway station. Brodsky transformed the station for two months into a Venetian lagoon using a 5000 gallon tank, which held life-size gondolas and cut out passengers. In 1999 Brodsky created Palazzo Nudo in Pittsburgh, a 16 metre high house shaped skeleton with the crumbled ruins of the metropolis heaped in the centre. Coma, 2000, displayed at the Guelman Gallery in Moscow showed the city “as if it was in a hospital or on a surgeon’s table” and his work produced for 2006 Venice Architecture Biennale was an ominous and foreboding comment on the doomed fate of Venice sinking into the sea. Night Before the Attack, 2009, is Brodskys most recent installation, which discusses the associations of emotion with structure and scale. Brodsky used the title to enlighten the viewer’s understanding of a story that lay beneath the artwork. Such a narrative has imbued new meaning and significance to the old structures that have been appropriated within the insallation.
Built Work
Brodsky has really only been an architect since 2000, with his first commission in 2002. He claimed that his return from artistry to architecture was difficult. Despite the commission that Brodsky received upon each work, his efforts were burdened with a mental and physical toll - “I was near a serious mental problem. I’d never had this responsibility, and I was alone. It was my first experience communicating with workers and clients.” His first commission, 95 Degrees, a restaurant near Moscow on the Klyazma Reservoir shows Brodsky’s specific and often wary architectural style. Everything is precisely thought out, from the materials of wood and plastic, to the subtle deformation of the wooden stilts (all are tilted at a 95 degree angle). Also built in 2002 is Apshu, a restaurant – club hidden in the basement of a building Moscow. The space is specifically framed through recycled window frames and creates a sense of nostalgia that isn’t usually found in postmodern work. One of Brodsky’s most famous works is the Vodka Ceremony Pavilion built in 2004 for a contemporary art festival at the Klyazma Reservoir. Again, recycled timber window frames are rescued from industrial buildings and reused. Painted white and forming the structure of the pavilion, the window frames create a sense of Russian tradition from the industrial heritage that defined 20th Century Moscow. His projects often have a cerebral and ephemeral quality, despite often being permanent. A literally ephemeral project, Brodsky produced a pavilion on the Klyazma Reservoir in 2003 from ice cubes that were attached to a wooden structure and metal cage. The pavilion was lit from the interior, causing the building to glow. When spring came, the cage was removed and the ice cubes sunk to the bottom of the lake.Brodskys projects are often built from nothing. His use of recycled materials, window frames, glass and plastic bags to create new structures creates a unique aesthetic. His architectural style combines local and reused materials in such a way that creates buildings that feel both traditional and modern but remain inventive and original.
Critics on his work
Brodsky has been revered in Soviet architectural culture since the late 1970’s when he first entered the public sphere as a member of the paper architects. Fellow Russians adore him and have called him the “most important Russian architect alive today”. His reputation as a paper architect has expanded beyond Russia. He maintains a global presence, achieved in collaboration with Ilya Utkin, as well as his built projects that display Brodsky’s specific style, referred to as “New Russian Architecture” by architects in his own studio. According to Mark Lamster, Constantin Boym declared, “When it comes to Brodsky, there is a reverence – like he is our genius.”The paper architects of the late 1970’s and 1980’s gained critical and commercial success outside of Russia though professional competitions and exhibitions. Interest in Soviet paper architecture was high from the late 1980s until the early 2000’s with many exhibitions across America, as well as in Western Europe. This interest in Brodskys work allowed him to travel to America and to begin exhibiting his installations.
Brodsky’s installations were well received (he was invited to participate in the 2006 Venice Biennale) but did not, however, translate into commercial success. In light of this fact, Brodsky returned to his original profession - architecture. His buildings have been applauded for their tendency to incorporate traditional elements of Soviet architecture, such as form, material and techniques, into modern and unique structures. They have also helped to define Russian architecture within the 21st Century, and more importantly, to determine the future direction of architectural culture.
Many viewers however criticise the lack of radicalism within his built works. Whilst his earlier etchings and installations are an obvious reaction against the dehumanising nature of Soviet approved architecture and the lack of care for traditions, the anxiety and chaos of these works are not apparent in his built projects. Brodsky says in reaction to this “I want to design spaces that make people feel good.”