Alexandre Francois Auguste de Grasse
Encyclopedia
Le Comte Alexandre Francois Auguste de Grasse (February 14, 1765 – June 10, 1845) was a founding father of the Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite
of Freemasonry
.
, France
. His father, Admiral de Grasse, commanded the French fleet which surprised Cornwallis at Yorktown
and forced a surrender. In his father's biography, de Grasse gives a third person account of his journey to the New World
.
While he was in Saint-Domingue
, he married the daughter of Jean Baptiste Delahogue, another founder of the Supreme Council. In July of 1794, de Grasse’s four sisters arrived in Boston
. Later the next year, Congress awarded each of the daughters a thousand dollars each in gratitude for their father's aid to the American cause.
from which all other Supreme Councils of the world derive their authority.
On December 12, 1796, the Comte de Grasse, along with seven other men, was issued a patent by Hyman Long that made him a Deputy Grand Inspector General. Long had received the appointment and right to appoint new DGIG’s by Moses Cohen who had, in turn, received his appointment from Barend Spitzer. This appointment was a title recognizing that the bearer was in possession of the secrets of the Rite of the Royal Secret.
Due to the loss of records after the burning of Shepheard's Tavern, the actual level of involvement of Delahogue and de Grasse in the founding of the Supreme Council is a matter of much speculation.
Le Comte Alexandre Francois de Grasse
Timeline
1765-1845
Alexandre-Francois Auguste, Marquis de Grasse, arrived in Charleston, South Carolina on August 14, 1793 aboard the ship "Thomas." Accompanying him on this voyage were his wife, daughters, four sisters, and stepmother. According to tradition, they were hospitably received by John B. Holmes at his dwelling, now 15 Meeting Street.
He was the son of Admiral de Grasse (1723–1788), who commanded the French fleet which helped in causing Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown and the triumph of the Americans.
While in Charleston, two of Augustus de Grasse's daughters were baptized (one of whom had been born in Santo Domingo), two of his sisters married, and two other sisters died.
1765
1789
1793
1794
1795
1796
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1805
1809
1816
1818
1821
1840
1845
Scottish Rite
The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry , commonly known as simply the Scottish Rite, is one of several Rites of the worldwide fraternity known as Freemasonry...
of Freemasonry
Freemasonry
Freemasonry is a fraternal organisation that arose from obscure origins in the late 16th to early 17th century. Freemasonry now exists in various forms all over the world, with a membership estimated at around six million, including approximately 150,000 under the jurisdictions of the Grand Lodge...
.
Life
De Grasse was baptized in St. Louis Parish, VersaillesVersailles
Versailles , a city renowned for its château, the Palace of Versailles, was the de facto capital of the kingdom of France for over a century, from 1682 to 1789. It is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and remains an important administrative and judicial centre...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. His father, Admiral de Grasse, commanded the French fleet which surprised Cornwallis at Yorktown
Siege of Yorktown
The Siege of Yorktown, Battle of Yorktown, or Surrender of Yorktown in 1781 was a decisive victory by a combined assault of American forces led by General George Washington and French forces led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis...
and forced a surrender. In his father's biography, de Grasse gives a third person account of his journey to the New World
New World
The New World is one of the names used for the Western Hemisphere, specifically America and sometimes Oceania . The term originated in the late 15th century, when America had been recently discovered by European explorers, expanding the geographical horizon of the people of the European middle...
.
While he was in Saint-Domingue
Saint-Domingue
The labour for these plantations was provided by an estimated 790,000 African slaves . Between 1764 and 1771, the average annual importation of slaves varied between 10,000-15,000; by 1786 it was about 28,000, and from 1787 onward, the colony received more than 40,000 slaves a year...
, he married the daughter of Jean Baptiste Delahogue, another founder of the Supreme Council. In July of 1794, de Grasse’s four sisters arrived in Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...
. Later the next year, Congress awarded each of the daughters a thousand dollars each in gratitude for their father's aid to the American cause.
The Scottish Rite
The Comte was one of the eleven founders of the Supreme Council, the Mother Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish RiteScottish Rite
The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry , commonly known as simply the Scottish Rite, is one of several Rites of the worldwide fraternity known as Freemasonry...
from which all other Supreme Councils of the world derive their authority.
On December 12, 1796, the Comte de Grasse, along with seven other men, was issued a patent by Hyman Long that made him a Deputy Grand Inspector General. Long had received the appointment and right to appoint new DGIG’s by Moses Cohen who had, in turn, received his appointment from Barend Spitzer. This appointment was a title recognizing that the bearer was in possession of the secrets of the Rite of the Royal Secret.
Due to the loss of records after the burning of Shepheard's Tavern, the actual level of involvement of Delahogue and de Grasse in the founding of the Supreme Council is a matter of much speculation.
Le Comte Alexandre Francois de Grasse
Timeline
1765-1845
Alexandre-Francois Auguste, Marquis de Grasse, arrived in Charleston, South Carolina on August 14, 1793 aboard the ship "Thomas." Accompanying him on this voyage were his wife, daughters, four sisters, and stepmother. According to tradition, they were hospitably received by John B. Holmes at his dwelling, now 15 Meeting Street.
He was the son of Admiral de Grasse (1723–1788), who commanded the French fleet which helped in causing Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown and the triumph of the Americans.
While in Charleston, two of Augustus de Grasse's daughters were baptized (one of whom had been born in Santo Domingo), two of his sisters married, and two other sisters died.
1765
- Le Comte Alexandre Francois de Grasse is born on February 14, the only son of Admiral Francois de Grasse, in the Parish of St. Louis, at Versailles, France.
1789
- A member of the French Army, he goes to the French colony of Saint-Domingue a year after the death of his father.
- Marries the daughter of Jean-Baptiste Delahogue.
1793
- July 7, his daughter is born at Cap Français.
- On August 14, de Grasse arrives in Charleston aboard the ship Thomas after 17 days of sailing from Cap Français.
1794
- July 7, his four sisters arrive aboard the ship Thorn at Boston.
1795
- Congress appropriated $1,000.00 each to Amelia, Adelaide, Mélanie, and Silvia, daughters of Admiral de Grasse, in consideration of "extraordinary services" rendered to the United States by their father in the year 1781.
- Comte de Grasse's father-in-law becomes a founder in a Masonic Lodge named La Candeur at Charleston, which is founded primarily by French Roman Catholics.
1796
- December 12, a patent is issued to de Grasse by Hyman Long designating him to be a Deputy Grand Inspector General.
- A fire destroyed the building at Church and Broad Street along with all the Masonic records. The lodge is temporary inactive for some time.
1798
- de Grasse is listed as Master of La Candeur Masonic Lodge.
1799
- August 4 - de Grasse demitted from Loge La Candeur and six days later on August 10 becomes a founder of Loge La Reunion Francaise at Charleston.
- August 23 - His sister Amelie Maxime Rosalie dies of yellow fever at Charleston. She is buried at St. Mary's Church cemetery.
- September 9 - His sister Melanie Veronique Maxime dies of yellow fever. She is buried in St. Mary's Church cemetery.
- De Grasse goes to Saint-Domingue to offer his services to General Hedouville and is captured, put in jail, and his feet/hands put in irons. Thanks to the American Consul's intervention, with proof that he is an American citizen, he is freed to go only if he boards the next ship to Charleston.
1800
- Mr. Delahogue had a school and he placed an ad in the Charleston City Gazette on October 16, which announces the following:
- Those persons who may desire their children to learn the principles of Fortifications and Artillery will pay an additional price per month. He [Delahogue] has made arrangements for this purpose with Mr. Auguste de Grasse, his son-in-law.
1801
- January 10, - de Grasse put a notice in the Times paper in Charleston informing the public that he has opened his new "Fencing Room" located at his house on Federal Street. Also listed is the times and hours it is opened.
- Founder of the Supreme Council for the Scottish Rite Bodies.
- Grand Marshal of the South Carolina Ancient Grand Lodge.
1802
- February 21 - Brother de Grasse, Deputy Inspector General was appointed by the Supreme Council as the new Grand Inspector General, and Grand Commander of the French West Indies. Establishes a Supreme Council for the West Indies.
- Also appointed at this time was Illustrious Brother Jean Baptiste Marie De La Hogue, Deputy Inspector Grand Commander of the West Indies.
1805
- Establishes a Supreme Council for Italy located at Milan on March 5.
1809
- Establishes a Supreme Council for Spain located at Madrid in October.
1816
- De Grasse's military career ends at the age of 51.
- De Grasse is still the Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of France.
1818
- Disagreements arose in the French Supreme Council and the Grand Orient.
1821
- De Grasse resigns as Grand Commander of France.
1840
- He describes himself as being 76 years old, a worthy father, and after a life so full, he has reached old age without his rights to the gratitude of his country having ever been recognized. In the memoir of his father he wrote that as a military man he and his father were victims of political upheavals in the life of France.
1845
- June 10 Count Grasse, Alexandre Francois Auguste, Major, age 80, was registered at the Infirmary de l’Hotel des Invalides (Military Hospital) died around 12:30AM of chronic bronchial pneumonia.