Algeciras
Encyclopedia
Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain
, and is the largest city on the Bay of Gibraltar
(in Spanish
, the Bahía de Algeciras). Port of Algeciras
is one of the largest ports in Europe and in the world in three categories: container,
cargo and transhipment. It is situated 20 km north-east of Tarifa
on the Río de la Miel
, which is the southernmost river of the Iberian peninsula
and continental Europe
. It has a population in 2009 of 116,209 people.
It is the biggest city among its metropolitan area, that also includes the municipalities of Los Barrios
, La Línea de la Concepción
, Castellar de la Frontera
, Jimena de la Frontera
, San Roque and Tarifa
, with a population of 263,739.
: AlJazīra AlKhadrā' Arabic الجزيرة الخضراء or Green Island.
) and Iulia Transducta (Tarifa
), founded by the Romans
themselves. After being destroyed by the Germanic Barbarians
and their Vandal allies, the city was founded again in 711 by the invading Moors
, as the first city created by the Arabs on the occupied Spanish
soil. It enjoyed a brief period of independence as a taifa
state from 1035-1058. It was named al-Jazirah al-Khadra ("Green Island") after the offshore Isla Verde; the modern name is derived from this original Arabic
name (compare also Algiers
and Al Jazeera
). In 1344 the city was reconquered by Alfonso XI of Castile. It was retaken by the Moors in 1368, but was destroyed on the orders of Muhammed V of Granada. The site was subsequently abandoned.
Algeciras was refounded in 1704 by refugees from Gibraltar following the territory's capture by Anglo-Dutch forces in the War of the Spanish Succession
. It was rebuilt on its present rectangular plan by Charles III of Spain
in 1760. In July 1801, the French and Spanish navies fought the British Royal Navy
offshore in the Battle of Algeciras, which ended in a British victory.
The city hosted the Algeciras Conference
in 1906, an international forum to discuss the future of Morocco
which was held in the Casa Consistorial (town hall). In July 1942 Italian frogmen set up in a secret base in the Italian tanker Olterra which was interned in Algeciras to attack shipping in Gibraltar. During the Franco
era, Algeciras underwent substantial industrial development, creating many new jobs for the local workers made unemployed when the border between Gibraltar and Spain was sealed by Franco between 1969 and 1982.
In 1982 there was a failed plan codenamed Operation Algeciras
conceived by the Argentinian
military to sabotage the British military facilities in Gibraltar during the Falklands War
. The Spanish authorities intervened just before the attack, and deported the two Argentine Montoneros
and military liaison officer involved.
and other ports in Morocco as well as the Canary Islands
and the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta
and Melilla
. It is ranked as the 16th busiest port in the world. The city also has a substantial fishing industry and exports a range of agricultural products from the surrounding area, including cereals, tobacco and farm animals.
In recent years it has become a significant tourist destination, with popular day trips to Tarifa
to see bird migrations; to Gibraltar to see the territory's sights and culture; and to the Bay of Gibraltar
on whale watching
excursions.
Algeciras is the southern terminus of two principal north-south Euroroutes, the E05 and E15
. Both routes, moreover, run to Scotland (the E05 terminates at Greenock
and the E15 at Inverness
) via France and England.
In addition, the Algeciras Heliport
is being built for transport to Ceuta
and other areas in the region.
:
Ceuta
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, and is the largest city on the Bay of Gibraltar
Bay of Gibraltar
The Bay of Gibraltar is a bay at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. It is around long by wide, covering an area of some , with a depth of up to in the centre of the bay...
(in Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
, the Bahía de Algeciras). Port of Algeciras
Port of Algeciras
The Port of Algeciras is the port and harbour of Algeciras, city in the province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.It is 7th busiest container port in the continent of Europe and 32nd in the world with a trade volume of 3,324,310 TEUs in 2008 and 9th busiest port by cargo in...
is one of the largest ports in Europe and in the world in three categories: container,
cargo and transhipment. It is situated 20 km north-east of Tarifa
Tarifa
Tarifa is a small town in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, on the southernmost coast of Spain. The town is located on the Costa de la Luz and across the Straits of Gibraltar facing Morocco. The municipality includes Punta de Tarifa, the southernmost point in continental Europe. There are five...
on the Río de la Miel
Río de la Miel
The Río de la Miel is a river in the south of Spain, emptying into the Bay of Gibraltar at Algeciras. As the port of Algeciras expanded, docks on the river became marooned inland, and within the town much of the river is now culverted.-References:*...
, which is the southernmost river of the Iberian peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
and continental Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. It has a population in 2009 of 116,209 people.
It is the biggest city among its metropolitan area, that also includes the municipalities of Los Barrios
Los Barrios
Los Barrios is a small town and municipality in the south of Spain. It is part of the province of Cádiz, which in turn is part of the Andalusia region. It belongs to the Campo de Gibraltar comarca...
, La Línea de la Concepción
La Línea de la Concepción
La Línea de la Concepción is a town in Spain, in the province of Cádiz in Andalucia. It lies on the eastern isthmus of the Bay of Gibraltar on the border with the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, with which it has close economic and social links...
, Castellar de la Frontera
Castellar de la Frontera
Castellar de la Frontera is a town and municipality located in the province of Cádiz, southern Spain.- External links :* - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía...
, Jimena de la Frontera
Jimena de la Frontera
Jimena de la Frontera is a historic town and municipality located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to estimates made by the National Statistics Institute of Spain , the municipality has a population of 9,893 inhabitants in 2006...
, San Roque and Tarifa
Tarifa
Tarifa is a small town in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, on the southernmost coast of Spain. The town is located on the Costa de la Luz and across the Straits of Gibraltar facing Morocco. The municipality includes Punta de Tarifa, the southernmost point in continental Europe. There are five...
, with a population of 263,739.
Name
The site of Roman cities called Portus Albus, Caetaria (current Getares) and Iuliua Tracta, the current name of Algeciras seems to come from the Arab occupation of the Iberian PeninsulaIberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
: AlJazīra AlKhadrā' Arabic الجزيرة الخضراء or Green Island.
History
The area of the city has been populated since prehistory, and the earliest remains belong to Neanderthal populations from the Paleolithic. Due to its strategic position it was an important port under the Phoenicians, and was the site of the relevant Roman port of Portus Albus ("White Port"), with two near cities called Caetaria (most likely IberiansIberians
The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources identified with that name in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula at least from the 6th century BC...
) and Iulia Transducta (Tarifa
Tarifa
Tarifa is a small town in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, on the southernmost coast of Spain. The town is located on the Costa de la Luz and across the Straits of Gibraltar facing Morocco. The municipality includes Punta de Tarifa, the southernmost point in continental Europe. There are five...
), founded by the Romans
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
themselves. After being destroyed by the Germanic Barbarians
Migration Period
The Migration Period, also called the Barbarian Invasions , was a period of intensified human migration in Europe that occurred from c. 400 to 800 CE. This period marked the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages...
and their Vandal allies, the city was founded again in 711 by the invading Moors
Moors
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of the Maghreb region who are predominately of Berber and Arab descent. They came to conquer and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed...
, as the first city created by the Arabs on the occupied Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
soil. It enjoyed a brief period of independence as a taifa
Taifa
In the history of the Iberian Peninsula, a taifa was an independent Muslim-ruled principality, usually an emirate or petty kingdom, though there was one oligarchy, of which a number formed in the Al-Andalus after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031.-Rise:The origins of...
state from 1035-1058. It was named al-Jazirah al-Khadra ("Green Island") after the offshore Isla Verde; the modern name is derived from this original Arabic
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
name (compare also Algiers
Algiers
' is the capital and largest city of Algeria. According to the 1998 census, the population of the city proper was 1,519,570 and that of the urban agglomeration was 2,135,630. In 2009, the population was about 3,500,000...
and Al Jazeera
Al Jazeera
Al Jazeera is an independent broadcaster owned by the state of Qatar through the Qatar Media Corporation and headquartered in Doha, Qatar...
). In 1344 the city was reconquered by Alfonso XI of Castile. It was retaken by the Moors in 1368, but was destroyed on the orders of Muhammed V of Granada. The site was subsequently abandoned.
Algeciras was refounded in 1704 by refugees from Gibraltar following the territory's capture by Anglo-Dutch forces in the War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was fought among several European powers, including a divided Spain, over the possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under one Bourbon monarch. As France and Spain were among the most powerful states of Europe, such a unification would have...
. It was rebuilt on its present rectangular plan by Charles III of Spain
Charles III of Spain
Charles III was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese...
in 1760. In July 1801, the French and Spanish navies fought the British Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
offshore in the Battle of Algeciras, which ended in a British victory.
The city hosted the Algeciras Conference
Algeciras Conference
The Algeciras Conference of 1906 took place in Algeciras, Spain, and lasted from January 16 to April 7. The purpose of the conference was to find a solution to the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany, which arose as Germany attempted to prevent France from establishing a protectorate...
in 1906, an international forum to discuss the future of Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
which was held in the Casa Consistorial (town hall). In July 1942 Italian frogmen set up in a secret base in the Italian tanker Olterra which was interned in Algeciras to attack shipping in Gibraltar. During the Franco
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was a Spanish general, dictator and head of state of Spain from October 1936 , and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November, 1975...
era, Algeciras underwent substantial industrial development, creating many new jobs for the local workers made unemployed when the border between Gibraltar and Spain was sealed by Franco between 1969 and 1982.
In 1982 there was a failed plan codenamed Operation Algeciras
Operation Algeciras
Operation Algeciras was an ill-fated Argentine plan to sabotage a Royal Navy warship in Gibraltar during the Falklands War. The premise being that if the British military felt vulnerable in Europe, they would decide to keep some vessels in Europe rather than send them to the Falklands.A commando...
conceived by the Argentinian
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
military to sabotage the British military facilities in Gibraltar during the Falklands War
Falklands War
The Falklands War , also called the Falklands Conflict or Falklands Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the disputed Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands...
. The Spanish authorities intervened just before the attack, and deported the two Argentine Montoneros
Montoneros
Montoneros was an Argentine Peronist urban guerrilla group, active during the 1960s and 1970s. The name is an allusion to 19th century Argentinian history. After Juan Perón's return from 18 years of exile and the 1973 Ezeiza massacre, which marked the definitive split between left and right-wing...
and military liaison officer involved.
Demographics
Economy
Algeciras is principally a transport hub and industrial city. Its principal activities are connected with the port, which serves as the main embarkation point between Spain and TangierTangier
Tangier, also Tangiers is a city in northern Morocco with a population of about 700,000 . It lies on the North African coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel...
and other ports in Morocco as well as the Canary Islands
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...
and the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta
Ceuta
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish...
and Melilla
Melilla
Melilla is a autonomous city of Spain and an exclave on the north coast of Morocco. Melilla, along with the Spanish exclave Ceuta, is one of the two Spanish territories located in mainland Africa...
. It is ranked as the 16th busiest port in the world. The city also has a substantial fishing industry and exports a range of agricultural products from the surrounding area, including cereals, tobacco and farm animals.
- Port of AlgecirasPort of AlgecirasThe Port of Algeciras is the port and harbour of Algeciras, city in the province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.It is 7th busiest container port in the continent of Europe and 32nd in the world with a trade volume of 3,324,310 TEUs in 2008 and 9th busiest port by cargo in...
In recent years it has become a significant tourist destination, with popular day trips to Tarifa
Tarifa
Tarifa is a small town in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, on the southernmost coast of Spain. The town is located on the Costa de la Luz and across the Straits of Gibraltar facing Morocco. The municipality includes Punta de Tarifa, the southernmost point in continental Europe. There are five...
to see bird migrations; to Gibraltar to see the territory's sights and culture; and to the Bay of Gibraltar
Bay of Gibraltar
The Bay of Gibraltar is a bay at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. It is around long by wide, covering an area of some , with a depth of up to in the centre of the bay...
on whale watching
Whale watching
Whale watching is the practice of observing whales and other cetaceans in their natural habitat. Whales are watched most commonly for recreation but the activity can also serve scientific or educational purposes. A 2009 study, prepared for IFAW, estimated that 13 million people went whale watching...
excursions.
Algeciras is the southern terminus of two principal north-south Euroroutes, the E05 and E15
European route E15
The European route E 15 is part of the United Nations international E-road network. It is a north-south "reference road", running from Inverness, Scotland south through England and France to Algeciras, Spain...
. Both routes, moreover, run to Scotland (the E05 terminates at Greenock
Greenock
Greenock is a town and administrative centre in the Inverclyde council area in United Kingdom, and a former burgh within the historic county of Renfrewshire, located in the west central Lowlands of Scotland...
and the E15 at Inverness
Inverness
Inverness is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for the Highland council area, and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands of Scotland...
) via France and England.
Climate
Tourism
- Parque Natural del Estrecho
- Parque Natural Los AlcornocalesLos Alcornocales Natural ParkLos Alcornocales Natural Park is a natural park located in the south of Spain, in the autonomous community of Andalusia; it is shared between the provinces of Cádiz and Málaga. The natural park occupies a territory spanning seventeen municipalities with a total population of about 380,000...
Transport
The bus urban transport in managed by C.T.M. (Cooperativa de transporte de Marruecos).- Bus lines:
- Line 1: Bajadilla-Pajarete
- Line 2: Colinas-San Bernabé-Reconquista
- Line 3: Rinconcillo
- Line 4: La Granja
- Line 5: Bahía de Algeciras
- Line 6: Juliana
- Line 7: Saladillo
- Line 8: San García-Saladillo
- Line 9: San García Directo
- Line 10: El Cobre
- Line 11: La Piñera
- Line 12: San García playa
- Line 16: Cementerio-Centro Penitenciario
- Line 18: Cortijo Vides-Piñera
- Line 19: Puerto-S.J.Artesano-Rinconcillo
- Line 21: San García - Residencia - Puerto - Parque
- The rail line to RondaRondaRonda is a city in Spanish province of Málaga. It is located about West from the city of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is approximately 35,000 inhabitants.-History:...
, Cordoba and elsewhere terminates near the port.
- The road that crosses Algeciras are:
- European route E15European route E15The European route E 15 is part of the United Nations international E-road network. It is a north-south "reference road", running from Inverness, Scotland south through England and France to Algeciras, Spain...
- European route E05
- Autopista AP-7Autopista AP-7The Autopista AP-7 is a Spanish autopista . It is a toll motorway that runs along the Mediterranean coast of Spain.AP-7 has two different sections :...
- Autovía A-48Autovía A-48The Autovía A-48 is a highway in Andalucia, Spain.It follows the route of the N-340 around the southern tip of Spain it is currently under construction....
- N-340
- GR 7GR 7 (Spain)The GR 7 is a long-distance footpath in Spain. It is part of the network of Senderos de Gran Recorrido, and forms the westernmost part of the European walking route E4 which runs from Spain to Greece....
- The nearest airports are:
- Gibraltar AirportGibraltar AirportGibraltar Airport or North Front Airport is the civilian airport that serves the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. It is owned by the Ministry of Defence for use by the Royal Air Force as RAF Gibraltar. Civilian operators use the airport; currently the only scheduled flights operate to the...
- to 20 km. - Jerez AirportJerez AirportJerez Airport , also known as La Parra Airport, is an airport located northeast of Jerez de la Frontera in Southern Spain, about from Sevilla and from Cadiz...
- to 100 km. - Málaga AirportMálaga AirportMálaga Airport , also known as Malaga Costa Del Sol Airport and Pablo Ruiz Picasso Airport, is the fourth busiest airport in Spain after Madrid-Barajas, Barcelona and Palma de Mallorca. It is an important airport for Spanish tourism as it is the main international airport serving the Costa Del Sol....
- to 120 km.
In addition, the Algeciras Heliport
Algeciras Heliport
The Algeciras Heliport is a public heliport in Algeciras, Spain. It is a public heliport in the Port of Algeciras . It was inaugurated on July 1, 2010 by the Minister of Development, José Blanco. It is the second helipad of the network AENA after the Ceuta Heliport. Construction started in...
is being built for transport to Ceuta
Ceuta
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish...
and other areas in the region.
Monuments
- Hornos Romanos del Rinconcillo (first century B.C.). (furnaces)
- Factoría de salazones de la calle San Nicolás (first century). (salt meat factory)
- La Villa Vieja, torres de la Huerta del Carmen (tenth century). (Towers)
- Parque Arqueológico de las Murallas Meriníes (thirteenth century). (Archeological Park)
- Capilla de Nuestra Señora de Europa (1690). (Chapel)
- Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Palma (1736). (Church)
- Hospital de La Caridad, (1748).
- Capilla de la Caridad (1752). (Chapel)
- Casa Consistorial (1756). (City Council)
- Capilla de San Servando (1774). (Chapel)
- Capilla del Santo Cristo de la Alameda (1776). (Chapel)
- Plaza Alta (1807).
- Mercado de Abastos de Algeciras of engineer Eduardo Torroja MiretEduardo TorrojaEduardo Torroja y Miret, was a Spanish structural engineer, pioneer in the design of concrete-shell structures. His first large project was the Tempul cable-stayed aqueduct in 1926, Guadalete, Jerez de la Frontera, in which he used prestressed girders, and he made his name with the concrete...
(1935). (Supplies Market) - Art School Building. (1971) architect: Fernando Garrido Gutiérrez.
- Faro de Isla Verde. Project of Jaime Font, constructed in 1864). (Light)
- Hotel Reina Cristina (1901).
- District de San Isidro, typical district designed in the twentieth century.
- Hotel Howard Chiu (1823)
Celebrations
- Arrastre de latas (5, January).
- Feria Real de Algeciras (June).
- Fiestas patronales en honor de Ntra. Sra. la Virgen de la Palma (August).
- Fiesta de los Tosantos (1, November).
- Carnival of Algeciras.
Sports
- Algeciras CFAlgeciras CFAlgeciras Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Algeciras, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1941, it plays in Tercera División – Group 10, holding home matches at Estadio Nuevo Mirador.-Season to season:----...
, currently in Primera División de AndalucíaDivisiones Regionales de FútbolThe Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol are the Spanish football lower divisions. They are administered by the Autonomous football federations. The level immediately above is the Tercera División. The autonomous regional divisions are:-External links:*...
. - Algeciras BMAlgeciras BMAlgeciras Balonmano was a team of handball based in Algeciras, Andalusia. The last season, the team played in Liga ASOBAL.-History:Algeciras Balonmano was founded in 1966....
, currently in Liga ASOBAL.
Universidad de Cádiz - Campus Bahia de Algeciras
The following education centres are property of the University of CádizUniversity of Cádiz
The University of Cádiz , commonly referred to as UCA, is a public university located in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain, noted for its medicine and marine sciences curricula. It was founded in 1979, and has the Latin motto Non Plus Ultra...
:
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Algeciras
- Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería de Algeciras
- Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Jurídicos y Económicos del Campo de Gibraltar "Francisco Tomás y Valiente"
- Escuela Universitaria de Magisterio "Virgen de Europa"
- Centro Universitario de Derecho de Algeciras (CUDA)
- Campus Bahia de Algeciras
Noted Natives of Algeciras
- Paco de LucíaPaco de LucíaPaco de Lucía, born Francisco Sánchez Gómez , is a Spanish virtuoso flamenco guitarist and composer. He is considered by many to be one of the finest guitarists in the world and the greatest guitarist of the flamenco genre...
- Al-Mansur Ibn Abi AamirAl-Mansur Ibn Abi AamirAbu Aamir Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abi Aamir, Al-Hajib Al-Mansur , better known as Almanzor, was the de facto ruler of Muslim Al-Andalus in the late 10th to early 11th centuries. His rule marked the peak of power for Moorish Iberia.-Origins:He was born Muhammad Ibn Abi Aamir, into a noble Arab...
- Ana Belén PalomoAna Belén PalomoAna Belén Palomo Jiménez is a freestyle swimmer from Spain, who competed for her native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000 in Sydney, Australia. In both tournaments she was eliminated in the qualifying heats of the 50 m freestyle.-References:*...
- José María Sánchez-VerdúJosé María Sánchez-VerdúJosé María Sánchez-Verdú is a Spanish composer.He studied composition, conducting, and musicology at the Real Conservatorio Superior de Música in Madrid, graduating in 1991, and was a lecturer there from 1991 to 1995. He later undertook postgraduate study in direction and composition...
- Alejandro SanzAlejandro SanzAlejandro Sanz , is a Spanish singer-songwriter and musician. For his work, Sanz has won a total of fifteen Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards. He has won the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times, more than any other artist...
- Irene Christoffel Carrion
Sister city
Ceuta
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...