All Saints Church, Waldershare
Encyclopedia
All Saints Church, Waldershare, is a redundant
Anglican
church in Waldershare
, Kent
, England. It has been designated by English Heritage
as a Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust
. The church is located 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Dover
on the west side of the A256 road
. The North Downs Way
passes through the churchyard. The church is notable for the memorials in its chapels.
were added in about 1697 and in about 1712. The main part of the church was restored
and virtually rebuilt in 1886 by Ewan Christian
. A further restoration was carried out in 1902. A lychgate
was built at the entrance to the churchyard in about 1930. The church was declared redundant on 1 June 1980, and was vested
in the Churches Conservation Trust on 27 June 2006.
with a south porch, and a chancel
with a north and a south chapel. The body of the church is constructed in flint
and rubble
with a slate
roof. The chapels are in red brick with tiled roofs. The brickwork of the south chapel is in English bond and the north chapel is in Flemish bond. The west wall is buttress
ed, and there is a bellcote on its gable
. In the south wall of the chancel is a Norman
window. The other windows in the body of the church are lancets
, other than the two-light window in the north wall of the nave. The windows in the chapels date from the 15th century, and also have two lights.
ed chancel arch, and arches between the chancel and the chapels. The chapels have wooden barrel roof
s. There is a piscina
in the nave and another in the chancel, both of which are damaged. The reredos
is partly painted and partly in mosaic
, with a marble
triptych
. On the sanctuary walls are paintings by Clayton and Bell
dating from about 1886. Between the chancel and the chapels are 19th-century screens. In the chapels are hatchment
s, two in the north chapel and one in the south. The windows contain Victorian
stained glass.
The major monument in the south chapel was erected by Sir Peregrine Bertie
to his wife, Susan, shortly after her death in 1697. It consists of a tomb chest surrounded by railings. On the chest are the effigies
of Sir Peregrine and his wife who "recline uncomfortably with hands clasped and legs crossed". On the sides of the chest are carvings including a memento mori
, achievements
, and panels with drapes and cherubim
. On the south wall of the chapel is a monument to members of the Monins
family, erected before 1642. It consists of a black and white marble plaque containing an inscribed oval plaque surrounded by Corinthian
columns and an interrupted segmental pediment
. The north chapel is filled by a free-standing monument to Sir Henry Furnese
who died in 1712. It was made by Thomas Green of Camberwell
in four kinds of marble, and is in three stages. The base is square, inscribed on each side, and surrounded by four life-size mourning women sitting on chairs. The central section has panels with cartouches
containing arms
, and four putti
on pedestal
s holding torches. The top stage consists of an urn
standings on four volute
s. These are carved with the cherub's
heads and acanthus
leaves, and is surmounted by a torch finial
. The grading description describes the monument as being "outstanding".
Redundant church
A redundant church is a church building that is no longer required for regular public worship. The phrase is particularly used to refer to former Anglican buildings in the United Kingdom, but may refer to any disused church building around the world...
Anglican
Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English...
church in Waldershare
Waldershare
Waldershare is a village near Dover in Kent, England....
, Kent
Kent
Kent is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of...
, England. It has been designated by English Heritage
English Heritage
English Heritage . is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport...
as a Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust
Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust, which was initially known as the Redundant Churches Fund, is a charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk, those that have been made redundant by the Church of England. The Trust was established by the Pastoral Measure of 1968...
. The church is located 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Dover
Dover
Dover is a town and major ferry port in the home county of Kent, in South East England. It faces France across the narrowest part of the English Channel, and lies south-east of Canterbury; east of Kent's administrative capital Maidstone; and north-east along the coastline from Dungeness and Hastings...
on the west side of the A256 road
A256 road
The A256 is a key road running north-south through East Kent which connects the Thanet towns to Dover.- Thanet :The road begins in the outskirts of the Thanet town of Broadstairs, at a roundabout with the A255 where it heads westwards through the Westwood Retail Parks via "Westwood Road".The A256...
. The North Downs Way
North Downs Way
The North Downs Way is a long-distance path in southern England, opened in 1978. It runs from Farnham to Dover, past Godalming, Guildford, Dorking, Merstham, Otford and Rochester, along the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Kent Downs AONB.East of Boughton Lees, the path splits...
passes through the churchyard. The church is notable for the memorials in its chapels.
History
The church dates from the 12th century. Mortuary chapelsMorgue
A morgue or mortuary is used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification, or removal for autopsy or disposal by burial, cremation or otherwise...
were added in about 1697 and in about 1712. The main part of the church was restored
Victorian restoration
Victorian restoration is the term commonly used to refer to the widespread and extensive refurbishment and rebuilding of Church of England churches and cathedrals that took place in England and Wales during the 19th-century reign of Queen Victoria...
and virtually rebuilt in 1886 by Ewan Christian
Ewan Christian
Ewan Christian was a British architect. He is most notable for the restoration of Carlisle Cathedral, the alterations to Christ Church, Spitalfields in 1866, and the extension to the National Gallery that created the National Portrait Gallery. He was architect to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners...
. A further restoration was carried out in 1902. A lychgate
Lychgate
A lychgate, also spelled lichgate, lycugate, or as two separate words lych gate, is a gateway covered with a roof found at the entrance to a traditional English or English-style churchyard.-Name:...
was built at the entrance to the churchyard in about 1930. The church was declared redundant on 1 June 1980, and was vested
Vesting
In law, vesting is to give an immediately secured right of present or future enjoyment. One has a vested right to an asset that cannot be taken away by any third party, even though one may not yet possess the asset. When the right, interest or title to the present or future possession of a legal...
in the Churches Conservation Trust on 27 June 2006.
Exterior
The plan of the church consists of a naveNave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
with a south porch, and a chancel
Chancel
In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar in the sanctuary at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building...
with a north and a south chapel. The body of the church is constructed in flint
Flint
Flint is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as a variety of chert. It occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones. Inside the nodule, flint is usually dark grey, black, green, white, or brown in colour, and...
and rubble
Rubble
Rubble is broken stone, of irregular size, shape and texture. This word is closely connected in derivation with "rubbish", which was formerly also applied to what we now call "rubble". Rubble naturally found in the soil is known also as brash...
with a slate
Slate
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. The result is a foliated rock in which the foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering...
roof. The chapels are in red brick with tiled roofs. The brickwork of the south chapel is in English bond and the north chapel is in Flemish bond. The west wall is buttress
Buttress
A buttress is an architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall...
ed, and there is a bellcote on its gable
Gable
A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system being used and aesthetic concerns. Thus the type of roof enclosing the volume dictates the shape of the gable...
. In the south wall of the chancel is a Norman
Norman architecture
About|Romanesque architecture, primarily English|other buildings in Normandy|Architecture of Normandy.File:Durham Cathedral. Nave by James Valentine c.1890.jpg|thumb|200px|The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the...
window. The other windows in the body of the church are lancets
Lancet window
A lancet window is a tall narrow window with a pointed arch at its top. It acquired the "lancet" name from its resemblance to a lance. Instances of this architectural motif are most often found in Gothic and ecclesiastical structures, where they are often placed singly or in pairs.The motif first...
, other than the two-light window in the north wall of the nave. The windows in the chapels date from the 15th century, and also have two lights.
Interior
Inside the church is a double-chamferChamfer
A chamfer is a beveled edge connecting two surfaces. If the surfaces are at right angles, the chamfer will typically be symmetrical at 45 degrees. A fillet is the rounding off of an interior corner. A rounding of an exterior corner is called a "round" or a "radius"."Chamfer" is a term commonly...
ed chancel arch, and arches between the chancel and the chapels. The chapels have wooden barrel roof
Barrel roof
A barrel roof is a curved roof that, especially from below, is curved like a cut-away barrel. They have some advantages over dome roofs, especially being able to cover rectangular buildings., due to their uniform cross-section....
s. There is a piscina
Piscina
A piscina is a shallow basin placed near the altar of a church, used for washing the communion vessels. The sacrarium is the drain itself. Anglicans usually refer to the basin, calling it a piscina. Roman Catholics usually refer to the drain, and by extension, the basin, as the sacrarium...
in the nave and another in the chancel, both of which are damaged. The reredos
Reredos
thumb|300px|right|An altar and reredos from [[St. Josaphat's Roman Catholic Church|St. Josaphat Catholic Church]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. This would be called a [[retable]] in many other languages and countries....
is partly painted and partly in mosaic
Mosaic
Mosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It may be a technique of decorative art, an aspect of interior decoration, or of cultural and spiritual significance as in a cathedral...
, with a marble
Marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.Geologists use the term "marble" to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone.Marble is commonly used for...
triptych
Triptych
A triptych , from tri-= "three" + ptysso= "to fold") is a work of art which is divided into three sections, or three carved panels which are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works...
. On the sanctuary walls are paintings by Clayton and Bell
Clayton and Bell
Clayton and Bell was one of the most prolific and proficient workshops of English stained glass during the latter half of the 19th century. The partners were John Richard Clayton and Alfred Bell . The company was founded in 1855 and continued until 1993...
dating from about 1886. Between the chancel and the chapels are 19th-century screens. In the chapels are hatchment
Hatchment
A hatchment is a funeral demonstration of the lifetime "achievement" of the arms and any other honours displayed on a black lozenge-shaped frame which used to be suspended against the wall of a deceased person's house...
s, two in the north chapel and one in the south. The windows contain Victorian
Victorian era
The Victorian era of British history was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence...
stained glass.
Monuments
The major monument in the south chapel was erected by Sir Peregrine Bertie
Peregrine Bertie (senior)
Peregrine Bertie was an English politician, the second son of Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey.One of the English volunteers in the French army in 1654, Bertie subsequently served as a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1661, and was promoted to lieutenant in 1667 and captain from 1676 until...
to his wife, Susan, shortly after her death in 1697. It consists of a tomb chest surrounded by railings. On the chest are the effigies
Effigy
An effigy is a representation of a person, especially in the form of sculpture or some other three-dimensional form.The term is usually associated with full-length figures of a deceased person depicted in stone or wood on church monuments. These most often lie supine with hands together in prayer,...
of Sir Peregrine and his wife who "recline uncomfortably with hands clasped and legs crossed". On the sides of the chest are carvings including a memento mori
Memento mori
Memento mori is a Latin phrase translated as "Remember your mortality", "Remember you must die" or "Remember you will die". It names a genre of artistic work which varies widely, but which all share the same purpose: to remind people of their own mortality...
, achievements
Achievement (heraldry)
An achievement in heraldry is a full display of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled...
, and panels with drapes and cherubim
Putto
A putto is a figure of an infant often depicted as a young male. Putti are defined as chubby, winged or wingless, male child figure in nude. Putti are distinct from cherubim, but some English-speakers confuse them with each other, except that in the plural, "the Cherubim" refers to the biblical...
. On the south wall of the chapel is a monument to members of the Monins
Monins Baronets
The Monins Baronetcy, of Waldershare in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 29 June 1611 for William Monins. His son, the second Baronet, was High Sheriff of Kent in 1646. Upon his death his brother Thomas succeeded to the baronetcy but the Waldershare...
family, erected before 1642. It consists of a black and white marble plaque containing an inscribed oval plaque surrounded by Corinthian
Corinthian order
The Corinthian order is one of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric and Ionic. When classical architecture was revived during the Renaissance, two more orders were added to the canon, the Tuscan order and the Composite order...
columns and an interrupted segmental pediment
Pediment
A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure , typically supported by columns. The gable end of the pediment is surrounded by the cornice moulding...
. The north chapel is filled by a free-standing monument to Sir Henry Furnese
Furnese Baronets
The Furnese Baronetcy, of Waldershare in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 27 June 1707 for Henry Furnese, a financier and Member of Parliament for Bramber and Sandwich. The second Baronet was Member of Parliament for Truro, New Romney and Kent...
who died in 1712. It was made by Thomas Green of Camberwell
Camberwell
Camberwell is a district of south London, England, and forms part of the London Borough of Southwark. It is a built-up inner city district located southeast of Charing Cross. To the west it has a boundary with the London Borough of Lambeth.-Toponymy:...
in four kinds of marble, and is in three stages. The base is square, inscribed on each side, and surrounded by four life-size mourning women sitting on chairs. The central section has panels with cartouches
Cartouche (design)
A cartouche is an oval or oblong design with a slightly convex surface, typically edged with ornamental scrollwork. It is used to hold a painted or low relief design....
containing arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
, and four putti
Putto
A putto is a figure of an infant often depicted as a young male. Putti are defined as chubby, winged or wingless, male child figure in nude. Putti are distinct from cherubim, but some English-speakers confuse them with each other, except that in the plural, "the Cherubim" refers to the biblical...
on pedestal
Pedestal
Pedestal is a term generally applied to the support of a statue or a vase....
s holding torches. The top stage consists of an urn
Urn
An urn is a vase, ordinarily covered, that usually has a narrowed neck above a footed pedestal. "Knife urns" placed on pedestals flanking a dining-room sideboard were an English innovation for high-style dining rooms of the late 1760s...
standings on four volute
Volute
A volute is a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column. It was later incorporated into Corinthian order and Composite column capitals...
s. These are carved with the cherub's
Putto
A putto is a figure of an infant often depicted as a young male. Putti are defined as chubby, winged or wingless, male child figure in nude. Putti are distinct from cherubim, but some English-speakers confuse them with each other, except that in the plural, "the Cherubim" refers to the biblical...
heads and acanthus
Acanthus
Acanthus , in its feminine form acantha , is the Latinised form of the ancient Greek word acanthos or akanthos, referring to the Acanthus plant. It can also be used as the prefix acantho-, meaning "thorny"...
leaves, and is surmounted by a torch finial
Finial
The finial is an architectural device, typically carved in stone and employed decoratively to emphasize the apex of a gable or any of various distinctive ornaments at the top, end, or corner of a building or structure. Smaller finials can be used as a decorative ornament on the ends of curtain rods...
. The grading description describes the monument as being "outstanding".
External features
In the churchyard are a tomb chest and a headstone of two former workers at Waldershare Park. The chest tomb is that of William Hull, who died in 1756 and had been a gardener for 25 years, and the headstone is that of Mrs Elizabeth Harman, who died in 1772 and had been housekeeper for 40 years. Together they have been designated as a Grade II listed building.See also
- List of churches preserved by the Churches Conservation Trust in South East England