Allis-Chalmers 190XT
Encyclopedia
The Allis-Chalmers 190XT, also known as the One-Ninety XT, is a diesel*-powered tractor that was produced by Allis-Chalmers
. As its model number implies, it was based on the Allis-Chalmers D19, though it featured many alterations and improvements over the D19. The only difference between the 190 and the 190XT is the addition of a turbocharger
on the XT. The 190 XT in stock form is rated at about 93 drawbar
horsepower
. They were produced from 1964 to 1971. The 190XT was notable for being able to outperform the 103 horsepower rated Allis-Chalmers D21 (until the D21 was turbocharged in 1965).
engine and a 3.875x4.25 inch bore/stroke. Its displacement was 301 cubic inches and its rated RPMs was 2200. This engine was a new design and, for the time, offered excellent performance for its displacement. Its main transmission
, basically a carryover from the D19, had 4 forward and 1 reverse gear and was not synchronized. The 190 XT had a power director like the D Series
, but it could smoothly shift on the go (clutch engaged)just like the D series. The main transmission could not be shifted while the PTO was engaged and turning and as such the 190 did not offer true live PTO. You could start and stop the tractor using the power director but you could not, for example, shuttle from forward to reverse without first stopping the PTO. The power director did split each gear allowing for a total of 8 forward speeds and 2 reverse speeds.
The 190XT, because it used many D19-size components in its powertrain, was intended to be at most a 100 horsepower tractor. However, many of them had their injection pump
turned up, pushing them to 120 horsepower or more. This led to various powertrain failures, especially in earlier models due to a light rear end design. An improved design was introduced and many tractors were updated with the heavier duty rear end. Also, the 190's transmission did not tolerate grinding during gear shifting well and this led to many tractors with transmissions that would not stay in certain gears. As such the tractor got somewhat of a bad reputation among those that weren't AC fans.
The 190XT was gradually beefed up, becoming the 190XT Series III and eventually the model 200. When operated as intended by the manufacturer, the 190 was a reliable tractor. However, this meant accepting its limitations and not, for instance, trying to shift it like a John Deere 4020 with its synchromesh transmission or pulling implements designed for D21-size tractors.
Despite stiff market competition from the John Deere 4020 and others, Allis did sell many 190XT tractors and there are many still working today. Allis-Chalmers and the Gleaner Harvester Corp. was restructured in 1985 and eventually became Allis-Gleaner Co. AGCO Corporation and as such what parts are still available for these tractors are mostly available through AGCO.
For more information about the Allis Chalmers 190XT, see the feature story of Heritage Iron Magazine
issue #17.
Allis-Chalmers
The Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co. of West Allis, Wisconsin, is an American company known for its past as a manufacturer with diverse interests, perhaps most famous for their bright Persian Orange farm tractors...
. As its model number implies, it was based on the Allis-Chalmers D19, though it featured many alterations and improvements over the D19. The only difference between the 190 and the 190XT is the addition of a turbocharger
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo , from the Greek "τύρβη" is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine , thereby resulting in greater performance...
on the XT. The 190 XT in stock form is rated at about 93 drawbar
Drawbar
Drawbar may refer to:*Drawbar , a device for coupling a hauling vehicle to a load. This usage may be road, agriculture or rail.*Drawbar organ*Drawbar , a device for changing tools on milling machines...
horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower is the name of several units of measurement of power. The most common definitions equal between 735.5 and 750 watts.Horsepower was originally defined to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses in continuous operation. The unit was widely adopted to measure the...
. They were produced from 1964 to 1971. The 190XT was notable for being able to outperform the 103 horsepower rated Allis-Chalmers D21 (until the D21 was turbocharged in 1965).
- *A small number of gas and LP gas models were made, but these were not the XT because the XT ment that it was turbo-charged
Details
The 190 XT had a six cylinderCylinder (engine)
A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before receiving precision machine work...
engine and a 3.875x4.25 inch bore/stroke. Its displacement was 301 cubic inches and its rated RPMs was 2200. This engine was a new design and, for the time, offered excellent performance for its displacement. Its main transmission
Transmission (mechanics)
A machine consists of a power source and a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. Merriam-Webster defines transmission as: an assembly of parts including the speed-changing gears and the propeller shaft by which the power is transmitted from an engine to a...
, basically a carryover from the D19, had 4 forward and 1 reverse gear and was not synchronized. The 190 XT had a power director like the D Series
Allis-Chalmers D Series
The Allis-Chalmers D Series is a series of tractors made by the Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company from 1957 to 1969. Most of the D Series tractors, except for the D21, had hand-operated, shift-on-the-go oil clutches, commonly referred to as a hand clutch. Allis-Chalmers marketed this...
, but it could smoothly shift on the go (clutch engaged)just like the D series. The main transmission could not be shifted while the PTO was engaged and turning and as such the 190 did not offer true live PTO. You could start and stop the tractor using the power director but you could not, for example, shuttle from forward to reverse without first stopping the PTO. The power director did split each gear allowing for a total of 8 forward speeds and 2 reverse speeds.
The 190XT, because it used many D19-size components in its powertrain, was intended to be at most a 100 horsepower tractor. However, many of them had their injection pump
Injection pump
An Injection Pump is the device that pumps fuel into the cylinders of a diesel engine or less typically, a gasoline engine. Traditionally, the pump is driven indirectly from the crankshaft by gears, chains or a toothed belt that also drives the camshaft on overhead-cam engines . It rotates at half...
turned up, pushing them to 120 horsepower or more. This led to various powertrain failures, especially in earlier models due to a light rear end design. An improved design was introduced and many tractors were updated with the heavier duty rear end. Also, the 190's transmission did not tolerate grinding during gear shifting well and this led to many tractors with transmissions that would not stay in certain gears. As such the tractor got somewhat of a bad reputation among those that weren't AC fans.
The 190XT was gradually beefed up, becoming the 190XT Series III and eventually the model 200. When operated as intended by the manufacturer, the 190 was a reliable tractor. However, this meant accepting its limitations and not, for instance, trying to shift it like a John Deere 4020 with its synchromesh transmission or pulling implements designed for D21-size tractors.
Despite stiff market competition from the John Deere 4020 and others, Allis did sell many 190XT tractors and there are many still working today. Allis-Chalmers and the Gleaner Harvester Corp. was restructured in 1985 and eventually became Allis-Gleaner Co. AGCO Corporation and as such what parts are still available for these tractors are mostly available through AGCO.
For more information about the Allis Chalmers 190XT, see the feature story of Heritage Iron Magazine
Heritage Iron Magazine
Heritage Iron Magazine was founded in 2008 with a mission to meet a need for those interested in muscle tractors. Muscle Tractors are a classification of tractors specifically produced from the 1960s to the mid 1980’s that feature turbo, duals, and front wheel assist...
issue #17.