Alpinum
Encyclopedia
An alpinum is a botanical garden
specialized in the collection and cultivation of alpine plant
s growing naturally at high altitudes around the world, such as in the Caucasus
, Pyrenees
, Rocky Mountains
, Alps
and Himalayas
.
An alpinum tries to imitate the conditions of the plants' place of origin, for example, large stones and gravel beds. One of the main obstacles in developing an alpinum is the, for the plants, non-natural conditions which exist in some areas, particularly mild or severe winters and large rainfall (e.g. United Kingdom and Ireland). This is avoided by growing the plants in alpine greenhouses
, which tries to reproduce the ideal conditions. The first true alpinum was created by Anton Kerner von Marilaun
in 1875 on the mountain Blaser, in Tyrol
, Austria
, at an altitude of 2190 meters above mean sea level
.
Germany
Italy
United States
Botanical garden
A botanical garden The terms botanic and botanical, and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens. is a well-tended area displaying a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names...
specialized in the collection and cultivation of alpine plant
Alpine plant
Alpine plants are plants that grow in the alpine climate, which occurs at high elevation and above the tree line. Alpine plants grow together as a plant community in alpine tundra.-Alpine plant diversity:...
s growing naturally at high altitudes around the world, such as in the Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
, Pyrenees
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
, Rocky Mountains
Rocky Mountains
The Rocky Mountains are a major mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States...
, Alps
Alps
The Alps is one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west....
and Himalayas
Himalayas
The Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya for short, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau...
.
An alpinum tries to imitate the conditions of the plants' place of origin, for example, large stones and gravel beds. One of the main obstacles in developing an alpinum is the, for the plants, non-natural conditions which exist in some areas, particularly mild or severe winters and large rainfall (e.g. United Kingdom and Ireland). This is avoided by growing the plants in alpine greenhouses
Greenhouse
A greenhouse is a building in which plants are grown. These structures range in size from small sheds to very large buildings...
, which tries to reproduce the ideal conditions. The first true alpinum was created by Anton Kerner von Marilaun
Anton Kerner von Marilaun
Anton Kerner von Marilaun was an Austrian botanist and professor at the University of Vienna.-Career:Kerner was born in Mautern, Lower Austria, and studied medicine in Vienna followed by an education in natural history, for which he carried out phytosociologic studies in Central Europe...
in 1875 on the mountain Blaser, in Tyrol
Tyrol (state)
Tyrol is a state or Bundesland, located in the west of Austria. It comprises the Austrian part of the historical region of Tyrol.The state is split into two parts–called North Tyrol and East Tyrol–by a -wide strip of land where the state of Salzburg borders directly on the Italian province of...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, at an altitude of 2190 meters above mean sea level
Above mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
.
Vegetation
Typical plants found in an alpinum include:- AndrosaceAndrosaceAndrosace is the second largest genus in the Primulaceae. It is a predominantly Arctic-alpine genus with many species in the Himalayas , the mountains of central Asia, the Caucasus, and the southern and central European mountain systems, particularly the Alps and the Pyrenees.Recent molecular...
- CampanulaCampanulaCampanula is one of several genera in the family Campanulaceae with the common name bellflower. It takes its name from their bell-shaped flowers—campanula is Latin for "little bell"....
(alpine species) - DianthusDianthusDianthus is a genus of about 300 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species extending south to north Africa, and one species in arctic North America. Common names include carnation , pink and sweet William Dianthus is a genus of...
(alpine species) - Gentiana
- GlobulariaGlobulariaGlobularia is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, native to central and southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. They are dense low evergreen mat-forming herbs or subshrubs, with leathery oval leaves 1–10 cm long...
- LeontopodiumLeontopodiumLeontopodium is a genus of plants in the daisy family, which includes edelweiss , a well-known plant from the mountains of Europe. The term edelweiss can, more rarely, refer to other members of the genus...
- Pulsatilla
- PrimulaPrimulaPrimula is a genus of 400–500 species of low-growing herbs in the family Primulaceae. They include primrose, auricula, cowslip and oxlip. Many species are grown for their ornamental flowers...
(alpine species) - RanunculusRanunculusRanunculus is a large genus of about 600 species of plants in the Ranunculaceae. Members of the genus include the buttercups, spearworts, water crowfoots and the lesser celandine....
- Saxifraga
Botanical gardens with an alpinum
France- Jardin des PlantesJardin des PlantesThe Jardin des Plantes is the main botanical garden in France. It is one of seven departments of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. It is situated in the 5ème arrondissement, Paris, on the left bank of the river Seine and covers 28 hectares .- Garden plan :The grounds of the Jardin des...
Germany
- Botanischer Erlebnisgarten AltenburgBotanischer Erlebnisgarten AltenburgThe Botanischer Erlebnisgarten Altenburg is a botanical garden located at Heinrich-Zille-Straße 12, Altenburg, Thuringia, Germany. It is open daily....
- Botanical Garden in BerlinBotanical Garden in BerlinBotanical Garden in Berlin is considered one of the most important gardens in the world, with area of 43 hectares and around 22,000 different plant species.The garden is located in the Dahlem neighborhood of the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf...
- Botanischer Garten BielefeldBotanischer Garten BielefeldThe Botanischer Garten Bielefeld is a municipal botanical garden located beside the southeast edge of the Teutoburger Wald at Am Kahlenberg 16, Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is open daily without charge....
- Botanischer Garten DüsseldorfBotanischer Garten DüsseldorfThe Botanischer Garten Düsseldorf , also known as the Botanischer Garten der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf and the Botanischer Garten der Universität Düsseldorf, is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Düsseldorf...
- Botanischer Garten GießenBotanischer Garten GießenThe Botanischer Garten Gießen , more formally the Botanischer Garten der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, is a historic botanical garden maintained by the University of Giessen. It is the oldest botanical garden in Germany still at its original site, with an entrance at Senckenbergstraße 6,...
- Botanischer Garten der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainBotanischer Garten der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainThe Botanischer Garten der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main , also known as the Botanischer Garten Frankfurt am Main, is a botanical garden and arboretum maintained by the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main...
- Botanischer Garten München-NymphenburgBotanischer Garten München-NymphenburgThe Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg is a botanical garden and arboretum located at Menzinger Straße 65, Munich, Bavaria, Germany...
- Botanischer Garten MünsterBotanischer Garten MünsterThe Botanischer Garten Münster is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Münster...
- Botanischer Garten MarburgBotanischer Garten MarburgThe Botanischer Garten Marburg , also known as the Neuer Botanischer Garten Marburg, is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Marburg, located on Karl-von-Frisch-Straße, Marburg, Hesse, Germany, and open daily. An admission fee is charged.The garden was created between 1961-1977 to...
- Botanischer Garten PotsdamBotanischer Garten PotsdamThe Botanischer Garten Potsdam , also known as the Botanischer Garten der Universität Potsdam, is a botanical garden and arboretum maintained by the University of Potsdam...
- Botanischer Garten der Ruhr-Universität BochumBotanischer Garten der Ruhr-Universität BochumThe Botanischer Garten der Ruhr-Universität Bochum , also known as the Botanischer Garten Bochum, is a botanical garden maintained by the Ruhr University Bochum. It is located at Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and open daily without charge.The garden was founded in...
Italy
- Orto botanico di Padova
United States
- Betty Ford Alpine GardensBetty Ford Alpine GardensThe Betty Ford Alpine Gardens are the world's highest botanical garden, located at 183 Gore Creek Drive, Vail, Colorado, USA, at an altitude in the Rocky Mountains...