Alter Südfriedhof
Encyclopedia
The Alter Südfriedhof (Old South Cemetery) is a cemetery in Munich
, Germany
. It was founded by Duke Albrecht V
as a plague cemetery in 1563 about half a kilometer south of the Sendlinger Gate
between Thalkirchner and Pestalozzistraße.
, for victims of the plague and located outside the city gates. It was also the burial ground of the dead from the Sendling uprising of 1705, in which over 1100 were killed after they had surrendered to the troops of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
. From 1788 to 1867 it was the single collective burial ground for the dead of the city.
has also been renovated.
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It was founded by Duke Albrecht V
Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
Albert V was Duke of Bavaria from 1550 until his death. He was born in Munich to William IV and Marie Jacobaea of Baden.-Early life:Albert was educated at Ingolstadt under good Catholic teachers...
as a plague cemetery in 1563 about half a kilometer south of the Sendlinger Gate
Sendlinger Tor
Sendlinger Tor is an U-Bahn station in the city center of Munich at a junction of the lines U1/2 and U3/6 line of the Munich U-Bahn system. It was opened on 19 October 1971 and 18 October 1980 ....
between Thalkirchner and Pestalozzistraße.
History
The cemetery was established in 1563, during the reign of Albert V, Duke of BavariaAlbert V, Duke of Bavaria
Albert V was Duke of Bavaria from 1550 until his death. He was born in Munich to William IV and Marie Jacobaea of Baden.-Early life:Albert was educated at Ingolstadt under good Catholic teachers...
, for victims of the plague and located outside the city gates. It was also the burial ground of the dead from the Sendling uprising of 1705, in which over 1100 were killed after they had surrendered to the troops of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans was the elder son of Emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg....
. From 1788 to 1867 it was the single collective burial ground for the dead of the city.
Notable interments
From 1788 to 1868 it was the only cemetery for the whole metropolitan area of Munich, which is why it contains the graves of several prominent Munich figures of that period.- Max Emanuel AinmillerMax Emanuel AinmillerMaximilian Emanuel Ainmiller was a German artist and glass painter.Under the tutorage of Friedrich von Gärtner, director of the royal Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory, Ainmiller studied glass painting, both as a mechanical process and as an art, at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich...
- painter, 1807–1870 - Franz Xaver von BaaderFranz Xaver von BaaderFranz Xaver von Baader was a German Roman Catholic philosopher and theologian.-Life:He was born in Munich, the third son of F. P. Baader, court physician to the Prince-elector of Bavaria. His brothers were both distinguished — the elder, Clemens, as an author; the second, Joseph , as an...
- philosopher, 1765–1841 - Jakob Bauer - first mayor, 1787–1854
- Theodor von Bischoff, anatomist and physician, 1807–1882
- Roman Anton Boos - sculptor, 1730–1810
- Friedrich BürkleinFriedrich BürkleinGeorg Friedrich Christian Bürklein was a German architect and a pupil of Friedrich von Gärtner.He was born in Burk, Middle Franconia...
- architect, 1813–1872 - Adolf ChristenAdolf ChristenAdolf Christen was a Bavarian Hofschauspieler, theater director and theater manager of the old Munich "Aktientheater"....
, theatre director and producer, 1811–1883 - Anna Dandler, actress, 1862–1930
- Johann Georg von DillisJohann Georg von DillisJohann Georg von Dillis was a German painter. Son of a gamekeeper and forester, he was educated in Munich with support from the prince-elector of Bavaria...
- landscape painter, 1759–1841 - Ignaz von Döllinger - theologian, 1799–1890
- Johann Georg EdlingerJohann Georg EdlingerJohann Georg Edlinger, a portrait painter, was born at Graz in 1741. He was a pupil of Desmarées, and became court painter at Munich, where he died in 1819. His portraits are well painted, and show a leaning towards the works of Rembrandt...
- painter, 1741–1819 - Alexander Eibner, painter and painting tutor, 1862–1935
- Kaspar EttKaspar EttKaspar Ett was a German composer and organist.-Source:*Karl Emil von Schafhäutl: "Ett, Kaspar", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie...
- composer, 1788–1847 - Jakob Philipp FallmerayerJakob Philipp FallmerayerJakob Philipp Fallmerayer was a Tyrolean traveller, journalist, politician and historian, best known for his controversial theories concerning the racial origins of the Greeks, and for his travel writings.-Education:Fallmerayer was born, the seventh of ten children, in Weiler Pairdorf, a village...
, traveller, journalist, politician and historian, 1790–1861 - Carl von FischerKarl von FischerKarl [Carl] von Fischer was a German architect. His drafts had enormous influence on the architecture of classicism in South Germany....
- architect, 1782–1820 - Ludwig Foltz, architect, sculptor and illustrator, 1809–1867
- Josef von Fraunhofer - optician and inventor, 1787–1826
- Franz Xaver GabelsbergerFranz Xaver GabelsbergerFranz Xaver Gabelsberger was a German inventor of a shorthand writing system, named Gabelsberger shorthand after him....
- shorthand inventor, 1789–1849 - Friedrich von GärtnerFriedrich von GärtnerFriedrich von Gärtner was a German architect.Gärtner and Leo von Klenze are the most well known architects of Bavaria during the reign of Ludwig I. His architecture was generally in the Romanesque style and much to the king's taste...
- architect, 1792–1847 - Sebastian Gaigl - founder of the city orphanage, 1799–1871
- Joseph Görres - publicist, 1776–1848
- Charlotte von HagnCharlotte von HagnCharlotte von Hagn was a German actress of the Biedermeier-era.-Early life:Hagn was a daughter of the businessman Karl von Hagn and his wife Josepha Schwab...
- actress (appears in the Gallery of BeautiesGallery of BeautiesThe Gallery of Beauties is a collection of 36 portraits of the most beautiful women from the nobility and middle classes of Munich, Germany, painted between 1827 and 1850 and gathered by Ludwig I of Bavaria in the south pavilion of his Nymphenburg Palace in Munich...
), 1809–1891 - Johann von HalbigJohann HalbigJohann Halbig, was a German sculptor of Classicism. He was born at Donnersdorf in Lower Franconia and was educated at the Polytechnical School and at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich...
- sculptor, 1814–1882 - August von Hauner - teacher and professor, 1811–1884
- Peter von HessPeter von HessPeter Heinrich Lambert von Hess was a German painter, known for historic paintings, especially of the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence.-Life:...
- painter, 1792–1871 - Wilhelm von KaulbachWilhelm von KaulbachWilhelm von Kaulbach was a German painter, noted mainly as a muralist, but also as a book illustrator. His murals decorate buildings in Munich.-Education:...
- history painter, 1805–1878 - Leo von KlenzeLeo von KlenzeLeo von Klenze was a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer...
- architect, 1784–1864 - Franz von Kobell, mineralogist and Bavarian / Palatinate dialect poet, 1803–1882
- Alexander von Kotzebue, Russo-German battle-painter, 1815–1889
- Ludwig Lange, architect and painter, 1808–1868
- Georg LeibGeorg LeibGeorg Leib was born on March 9, 1846 in Wallerstein. He died in Munich in 1910..He was the Royal Councillor of Commerce and ran a very successful real-estate company in Munich....
- Royal Councillor of Commerce and scaffolding specialist, 1846-1910 - Justus Freiherr von Liebig - chemist and natural scientist, 1803–1873
- Ferdinand von MillerFerdinand Von MillerFerdinand von Miller was a German artisan who is noted for his furtherance of bronze founding.-Biography:Von Miller was born in Fürstenfeldbruck....
- member of the Dt. Reichstag, 1813–1887 - Carl Friedrich Neumann - Sinologist, 1793–1870
- Eugen Napoleon NeureutherEugen Napoleon NeureutherEugen Napoleon Neureuther was a German painter, etcher, and illustrator.Born in Munich, Germany, he was the son and pupil of the painter Ludwig Neureuther . He also studied at the Munich Academy under Wilhelm von Kobell...
- painter, draughtsman and etcher, 1806–1882 - Johann Nepomuk von NussbaumJohann Nepomuk von NussbaumJohann Nepomuk von Nussbaum was a German surgeon who was a native of Munich.In 1853 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Munich, where he studied under Karl Thiersch and Franz Christoph von Rothmund...
- surgeon, 1829–1890 - Georg Simon Ohm - physicist, 1789–1854
- Max von Pettenkofer - important physician, 1818–1901
- Ludwig von der Pfordten - Bavaria's Ministerpräsident, 1811–1899
- Christian Pram-Henningsen, Danish painter, 1846–1892
- Siegmund von PranckhSiegmund von PranckhSiegmund Freiherr von Pranckh was a Bavarian general and Minister of War. Pranckh joined the army in Munich in 1840 from the cadet corps and in 1849 worked on the staff of the Generalquartiermeister...
, general and Defence Minister, 1821–1888 - Georg Friedrich von ReichenbachGeorg Friedrich von ReichenbachGeorg Friedrich von Reichenbach , German scientific instrument maker, was born at Durlach in Baden on August 24 1772.-Early life:...
- inventor and engineer, 1772–1826 - Josef Gabriel Rheinberger, composer and music teacher from Liechtenstein, 1839–1901
- Karl Rottmann - landscape painter, 1798–1830
- Eduard Schleich the Elder - painter, 1813–1874
- Friedrich Ludwig von SckellFriedrich Ludwig von SckellFriedrich Ludwig von Sckell was a German landscape gardener from Weilburg an der Lahn.Sckell was trained in the Court Market Garden in Schwetzingen near Mannheim and worked after his apprenticeship in Bruchsal, Paris, and Versailles. From 1773 to 1777, he was in England busying himself with...
- landscape gardener, 1750–1823 - Ludwig Schwanthaler - sculptor, 1802–1848
- Moritz von SchwindMoritz von Schwindthumb|Moritz von Schwind, c. 1860Moritz von Schwind was an Austrian painter, born in Vienna.Moritz von Schwind received rudimentary training and spent a happy and carefree youth in Vienna. Among his companions was the composer Schubert, some of whose songs he illustrated...
- painter, 1804–1871 - Helene SedlmayrHelene SedlmayrHelene Kreszenz Sedlmayr was a German beauty of the 19th century, considered the epitome of Munich's beauties. A shoemaker's daughter, she became known to Ludwig I of Bavaria when she supplied toys to his children and he commissioned a portrait of her from Stieler for his Gallery of Beauties...
- symbol of Schönen Münchnerin in the Gallery of BeautiesGallery of BeautiesThe Gallery of Beauties is a collection of 36 portraits of the most beautiful women from the nobility and middle classes of Munich, Germany, painted between 1827 and 1850 and gathered by Ludwig I of Bavaria in the south pavilion of his Nymphenburg Palace in Munich...
, 1813–1898 - Franz von Seitz - painter, lithographer and costume painter
- Otto Seitz - painter and teacher, 1846–1912
- Alois SenefelderAlois SenefelderJohann Alois Senefelder was a German actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in 1796.-Actor, playwright:...
- inventor of lithographyLithographyLithography is a method for printing using a stone or a metal plate with a completely smooth surface...
, 1771–1834 - Johann Nepomuk SeppJohann Nepomuk SeppJohann Nepomuk Sepp was a German historian, and politician.-Life:Johann Nepomuk Sepp was born the son of a tanner and dyer. He studied philosophy and Catholic theology, law, philology and history in Munich, 1834-1836 and 1837-1839...
- historian and politician, 1816–1909 - Carl SpitzwegCarl SpitzwegCarl Spitzweg was a German romanticist painter and poet. He is considered to be one of the most important artists of the Biedermeier era....
- painter and apothecary, 1808–1885 - Carl August von SteinheilCarl August von SteinheilCarl August von Steinheil was a German physicist, inventor, engineer and astronomer.-Biography:Steinheil was born in Ribeauvillé, Alsace. He studied law in Erlangen since 1821, then astronomy in Göttingen and Königsberg. He continued his studies in astronomy and physics when he started living on...
- physicist, 1801-1870 - Friedrich Wilhelm von ThierschFriedrich ThierschFriedrich Wilhelm Thiersch , was a German classical scholar and educationist.-Biography:He was born at Kirchscheidungen...
, "Praeceptor Bavariae", 1784–1860 - Gustav Vorherr - architect, 1778–1847
- Klara Ziegler, actress and theatre founder, 1844–1909
Current use
The cemetery today serves as an Art and Cultural history monument, and is open to the public as an official Munich park. Most of the monuments, which suffered from exposure to weather and pollution, have been renovated and cleaned, in a three year project (2004–2007). The St. Stephan's churchSt. Stephan's Church (Munich)
St. Stephan is a former cemetery church of the old South Cemetery in Munich, southern Germany. The church is located at the northern end of the Southern Cemetery, directly to Stephan Street, near the Sendlinger Tor Place. It is the chapel of the parish church of St. Peter.St...
has also been renovated.