Alter Südfriedhof
Encyclopedia
The Alter Südfriedhof (Old South Cemetery) is a cemetery in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...

, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

. It was founded by Duke Albrecht V
Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
Albert V was Duke of Bavaria from 1550 until his death. He was born in Munich to William IV and Marie Jacobaea of Baden.-Early life:Albert was educated at Ingolstadt under good Catholic teachers...

 as a plague cemetery in 1563 about half a kilometer south of the Sendlinger Gate
Sendlinger Tor
Sendlinger Tor is an U-Bahn station in the city center of Munich at a junction of the lines U1/2 and U3/6 line of the Munich U-Bahn system. It was opened on 19 October 1971 and 18 October 1980 ....

 between Thalkirchner and Pestalozzistraße.

History

The cemetery was established in 1563, during the reign of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
Albert V was Duke of Bavaria from 1550 until his death. He was born in Munich to William IV and Marie Jacobaea of Baden.-Early life:Albert was educated at Ingolstadt under good Catholic teachers...

, for victims of the plague and located outside the city gates. It was also the burial ground of the dead from the Sendling uprising of 1705, in which over 1100 were killed after they had surrendered to the troops of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans was the elder son of Emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg....

. From 1788 to 1867 it was the single collective burial ground for the dead of the city.

Notable interments

From 1788 to 1868 it was the only cemetery for the whole metropolitan area of Munich, which is why it contains the graves of several prominent Munich figures of that period.
  • Max Emanuel Ainmiller
    Max Emanuel Ainmiller
    Maximilian Emanuel Ainmiller was a German artist and glass painter.Under the tutorage of Friedrich von Gärtner, director of the royal Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory, Ainmiller studied glass painting, both as a mechanical process and as an art, at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich...

     - painter, 1807–1870
  • Franz Xaver von Baader
    Franz Xaver von Baader
    Franz Xaver von Baader was a German Roman Catholic philosopher and theologian.-Life:He was born in Munich, the third son of F. P. Baader, court physician to the Prince-elector of Bavaria. His brothers were both distinguished — the elder, Clemens, as an author; the second, Joseph , as an...

     - philosopher, 1765–1841
  • Jakob Bauer - first mayor, 1787–1854
  • Theodor von Bischoff, anatomist and physician, 1807–1882
  • Roman Anton Boos - sculptor, 1730–1810
  • Friedrich Bürklein
    Friedrich Bürklein
    Georg Friedrich Christian Bürklein was a German architect and a pupil of Friedrich von Gärtner.He was born in Burk, Middle Franconia...

     - architect, 1813–1872
  • Adolf Christen
    Adolf Christen
    Adolf Christen was a Bavarian Hofschauspieler, theater director and theater manager of the old Munich "Aktientheater"....

    , theatre director and producer, 1811–1883
  • Anna Dandler, actress, 1862–1930
  • Johann Georg von Dillis
    Johann Georg von Dillis
    Johann Georg von Dillis was a German painter. Son of a gamekeeper and forester, he was educated in Munich with support from the prince-elector of Bavaria...

     - landscape painter, 1759–1841
  • Ignaz von Döllinger - theologian, 1799–1890
  • Johann Georg Edlinger
    Johann Georg Edlinger
    Johann Georg Edlinger, a portrait painter, was born at Graz in 1741. He was a pupil of Desmarées, and became court painter at Munich, where he died in 1819. His portraits are well painted, and show a leaning towards the works of Rembrandt...

     - painter, 1741–1819
  • Alexander Eibner, painter and painting tutor, 1862–1935
  • Kaspar Ett
    Kaspar Ett
    Kaspar Ett was a German composer and organist.-Source:*Karl Emil von Schafhäutl: "Ett, Kaspar", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie...

     - composer, 1788–1847
  • Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer
    Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer
    Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer was a Tyrolean traveller, journalist, politician and historian, best known for his controversial theories concerning the racial origins of the Greeks, and for his travel writings.-Education:Fallmerayer was born, the seventh of ten children, in Weiler Pairdorf, a village...

    , traveller, journalist, politician and historian, 1790–1861
  • Carl von Fischer
    Karl von Fischer
    Karl [Carl] von Fischer was a German architect. His drafts had enormous influence on the architecture of classicism in South Germany....

     - architect, 1782–1820
  • Ludwig Foltz, architect, sculptor and illustrator, 1809–1867
  • Josef von Fraunhofer - optician and inventor, 1787–1826
  • Franz Xaver Gabelsberger
    Franz Xaver Gabelsberger
    Franz Xaver Gabelsberger was a German inventor of a shorthand writing system, named Gabelsberger shorthand after him....

     - shorthand inventor, 1789–1849
  • Friedrich von Gärtner
    Friedrich von Gärtner
    Friedrich von Gärtner was a German architect.Gärtner and Leo von Klenze are the most well known architects of Bavaria during the reign of Ludwig I. His architecture was generally in the Romanesque style and much to the king's taste...

     - architect, 1792–1847
  • Sebastian Gaigl - founder of the city orphanage, 1799–1871
  • Joseph Görres - publicist, 1776–1848
  • Charlotte von Hagn
    Charlotte von Hagn
    Charlotte von Hagn was a German actress of the Biedermeier-era.-Early life:Hagn was a daughter of the businessman Karl von Hagn and his wife Josepha Schwab...

     - actress (appears in the Gallery of Beauties
    Gallery of Beauties
    The Gallery of Beauties is a collection of 36 portraits of the most beautiful women from the nobility and middle classes of Munich, Germany, painted between 1827 and 1850 and gathered by Ludwig I of Bavaria in the south pavilion of his Nymphenburg Palace in Munich...

    ), 1809–1891
  • Johann von Halbig
    Johann Halbig
    Johann Halbig, was a German sculptor of Classicism. He was born at Donnersdorf in Lower Franconia and was educated at the Polytechnical School and at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich...

     - sculptor, 1814–1882
  • August von Hauner - teacher and professor, 1811–1884
  • Peter von Hess
    Peter von Hess
    Peter Heinrich Lambert von Hess was a German painter, known for historic paintings, especially of the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence.-Life:...

     - painter, 1792–1871
  • Wilhelm von Kaulbach
    Wilhelm von Kaulbach
    Wilhelm von Kaulbach was a German painter, noted mainly as a muralist, but also as a book illustrator. His murals decorate buildings in Munich.-Education:...

     - history painter, 1805–1878
  • Leo von Klenze
    Leo von Klenze
    Leo von Klenze was a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer...

     - architect, 1784–1864
  • Franz von Kobell, mineralogist and Bavarian / Palatinate dialect poet, 1803–1882
  • Alexander von Kotzebue, Russo-German battle-painter, 1815–1889
  • Ludwig Lange, architect and painter, 1808–1868
  • Georg Leib
    Georg Leib
    Georg Leib was born on March 9, 1846 in Wallerstein. He died in Munich in 1910..He was the Royal Councillor of Commerce and ran a very successful real-estate company in Munich....

     - Royal Councillor of Commerce and scaffolding specialist, 1846-1910
  • Justus Freiherr von Liebig - chemist and natural scientist, 1803–1873
  • Ferdinand von Miller
    Ferdinand Von Miller
    Ferdinand von Miller was a German artisan who is noted for his furtherance of bronze founding.-Biography:Von Miller was born in Fürstenfeldbruck....

     - member of the Dt. Reichstag, 1813–1887
  • Carl Friedrich Neumann - Sinologist, 1793–1870
  • Eugen Napoleon Neureuther
    Eugen Napoleon Neureuther
    Eugen Napoleon Neureuther was a German painter, etcher, and illustrator.Born in Munich, Germany, he was the son and pupil of the painter Ludwig Neureuther . He also studied at the Munich Academy under Wilhelm von Kobell...

     - painter, draughtsman and etcher, 1806–1882
  • Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum
    Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum
    Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum was a German surgeon who was a native of Munich.In 1853 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Munich, where he studied under Karl Thiersch and Franz Christoph von Rothmund...

     - surgeon, 1829–1890
  • Georg Simon Ohm - physicist, 1789–1854
  • Max von Pettenkofer - important physician, 1818–1901
  • Ludwig von der Pfordten - Bavaria's Ministerpräsident, 1811–1899
  • Christian Pram-Henningsen, Danish painter, 1846–1892
  • Siegmund von Pranckh
    Siegmund von Pranckh
    Siegmund Freiherr von Pranckh was a Bavarian general and Minister of War. Pranckh joined the army in Munich in 1840 from the cadet corps and in 1849 worked on the staff of the Generalquartiermeister...

    , general and Defence Minister, 1821–1888
  • Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach
    Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach
    Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach , German scientific instrument maker, was born at Durlach in Baden on August 24 1772.-Early life:...

     - inventor and engineer, 1772–1826
  • Josef Gabriel Rheinberger, composer and music teacher from Liechtenstein, 1839–1901
  • Karl Rottmann - landscape painter, 1798–1830
  • Eduard Schleich the Elder - painter, 1813–1874
  • Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell
    Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell
    Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell was a German landscape gardener from Weilburg an der Lahn.Sckell was trained in the Court Market Garden in Schwetzingen near Mannheim and worked after his apprenticeship in Bruchsal, Paris, and Versailles. From 1773 to 1777, he was in England busying himself with...

     - landscape gardener, 1750–1823
  • Ludwig Schwanthaler - sculptor, 1802–1848
  • Moritz von Schwind
    Moritz von Schwind
    thumb|Moritz von Schwind, c. 1860Moritz von Schwind was an Austrian painter, born in Vienna.Moritz von Schwind received rudimentary training and spent a happy and carefree youth in Vienna. Among his companions was the composer Schubert, some of whose songs he illustrated...

     - painter, 1804–1871
  • Helene Sedlmayr
    Helene Sedlmayr
    Helene Kreszenz Sedlmayr was a German beauty of the 19th century, considered the epitome of Munich's beauties. A shoemaker's daughter, she became known to Ludwig I of Bavaria when she supplied toys to his children and he commissioned a portrait of her from Stieler for his Gallery of Beauties...

     - symbol of Schönen Münchnerin in the Gallery of Beauties
    Gallery of Beauties
    The Gallery of Beauties is a collection of 36 portraits of the most beautiful women from the nobility and middle classes of Munich, Germany, painted between 1827 and 1850 and gathered by Ludwig I of Bavaria in the south pavilion of his Nymphenburg Palace in Munich...

    , 1813–1898
  • Franz von Seitz - painter, lithographer and costume painter
  • Otto Seitz - painter and teacher, 1846–1912
  • Alois Senefelder
    Alois Senefelder
    Johann Alois Senefelder was a German actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in 1796.-Actor, playwright:...

     - inventor of lithography
    Lithography
    Lithography is a method for printing using a stone or a metal plate with a completely smooth surface...

    , 1771–1834
  • Johann Nepomuk Sepp
    Johann Nepomuk Sepp
    Johann Nepomuk Sepp was a German historian, and politician.-Life:Johann Nepomuk Sepp was born the son of a tanner and dyer. He studied philosophy and Catholic theology, law, philology and history in Munich, 1834-1836 and 1837-1839...

     - historian and politician, 1816–1909
  • Carl Spitzweg
    Carl Spitzweg
    Carl Spitzweg was a German romanticist painter and poet. He is considered to be one of the most important artists of the Biedermeier era....

     - painter and apothecary, 1808–1885
  • Carl August von Steinheil
    Carl August von Steinheil
    Carl August von Steinheil was a German physicist, inventor, engineer and astronomer.-Biography:Steinheil was born in Ribeauvillé, Alsace. He studied law in Erlangen since 1821, then astronomy in Göttingen and Königsberg. He continued his studies in astronomy and physics when he started living on...

     - physicist, 1801-1870
  • Friedrich Wilhelm von Thiersch
    Friedrich Thiersch
    Friedrich Wilhelm Thiersch , was a German classical scholar and educationist.-Biography:He was born at Kirchscheidungen...

    , "Praeceptor Bavariae", 1784–1860
  • Gustav Vorherr - architect, 1778–1847
  • Klara Ziegler, actress and theatre founder, 1844–1909

Current use

The cemetery today serves as an Art and Cultural history monument, and is open to the public as an official Munich park. Most of the monuments, which suffered from exposure to weather and pollution, have been renovated and cleaned, in a three year project (2004–2007). The St. Stephan's church
St. Stephan's Church (Munich)
St. Stephan is a former cemetery church of the old South Cemetery in Munich, southern Germany. The church is located at the northern end of the Southern Cemetery, directly to Stephan Street, near the Sendlinger Tor Place. It is the chapel of the parish church of St. Peter.St...

has also been renovated.
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