Alva Noto
Encyclopedia
Alva Noto is a stage name of sound artist Carsten Nicolai who uses art and music as complementary tools to create microscopic
Microscopic
The microscopic scale is the scale of size or length used to describe objects smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye and which require a lens or microscope to see them clearly.-History:...

 views of creative processes. Another alias he uses is Noto. He is a member of the music groups Signal (with Frank Bretschneider, AKA Komet and Olaf Bender, AKA Byetone) and Cyclo. (with Ryoji Ikeda
Ryoji Ikeda
Ryoji Ikeda is a Japanese sound artist who lives and works in Paris. Ikeda's music is concerned primarily with sound in a variety of "raw" states, such as sine tones and noise, often using frequencies at the edges of the range of human hearing...

).

Nicolai was born in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany. His interest in sound and its physical qualities may be inspired by his childhood obsession with bats, whom as a child he believed he could communicate with. He first studied architecture and landscape design before pursuing an interest in the theoretical properties of sound and space. Resettling in Berlin in the early 1990s, Nicolai founded the experimental music label Noton as a platform for his conceptual and experimental musical concerns. In 1996 this was to become Raster-Noton
Raster-Noton
Raster-Noton is a German electronic music record label founded in 1996 by Olaf Bender, Carsten Nicolai and Frank Bretschneider. Based in Chemnitz, Germany, Raster-Noton merged in 1999 from separate labels Rastermusik and Noton .The collective label's aesthetic focus is rhythmic, minimal electronic...

. Archiv Für Ton Und Nichtton with the collaboration of Olaf Bender.

Nicolai transforms sound by looping oscillators and tone generators
Signal generator
Signal generators, also known variously as function generators, RF and microwave signal generators, pitch generators, arbitrary waveform generators, digital pattern generators or frequency generators are electronic devices that generate repeating or non-repeating electronic signals...

. He does not use sequencers
Music sequencer
The music sequencer is a device or computer software to record, edit, play back the music, by handling note and performance information in several forms, typically :...

, but edits his work to give his compositions rhythmic structures. Clicks and glitches are not used as ornamental
Ornamental
Ornamental may refer to:*Ornamental grass, a type of grass grown as a decoration*Ornamental iron, mild steel that has been formed into decorative shapes, similar to wrought iron work*Ornamental plant, a plant that is grown for its ornamental qualities...

 additions to the compositions but make up the essential rhythmic and harmonic elements of the work. He frequently samples electronic information transmission sounds such as fax
Fax
Fax , sometimes called telecopying, is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material , normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device...

 tones, modem
Modem
A modem is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data...

 sounds and telephone
Telephone
The telephone , colloquially referred to as a phone, is a telecommunications device that transmits and receives sounds, usually the human voice. Telephones are a point-to-point communication system whose most basic function is to allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each other...

 pops and clicks are sampled and organised., among other overlooked sound sources.

Nicolai has recently written an opera, Sparkie
Sparkie
Sparkie Williams was a talking budgie who provided the inspiration for a new opera by Michael Nyman and Carsten Nicolai. The opera was performed in Berlin in March 2009...

: Cage and Beyond
, in collaboration with Michael Nyman
Michael Nyman
Michael Laurence Nyman, CBE is an English composer of minimalist music, pianist, librettist and musicologist, known for the many film scores he wrote during his lengthy collaboration with the filmmaker Peter Greenaway, and his multi-platinum soundtrack album to Jane Campion's The Piano...

.

Carsten Nicolai also works as a visual artist. Using the principles of Cymatics
Cymatics
Cymatics is the study of visible sound and vibration, a subset of modal phenomena. Typically the surface of a plate, diaphragm, or membrane is vibrated, and regions of maximum and minimum displacement are made visible in a thin coating of particles, paste, or liquid...

 he visualizes sound. Nicolai’s practice is formed by a convergence of sound, painting and sculpture that results in installations exploring the idea of creativity filtered through modularized systems and codes. His music features prominently in his art. Nicolai’s work exposes the limitations, and potential beauty and creativity, possible within strict logical systems.

Nicolai has performed and created installations in many of the world's most prestigious spaces including the Guggenheim
Guggenheim
Guggenheim may refer to:* Benjamin Guggenheim* Charles Guggenheim* Davis Guggenheim* Guggenheim Building* Guggenheim family* Guggenheim Fellowship* Guggenheim Museum * Harry Frank Guggenheim* John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation...

, New York
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

, the SF MoMA
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art is a modern art museum located in San Francisco, California. A nonprofit organization, SFMOMA holds an internationally recognized collection of modern and contemporary art and was the first museum on the West Coast devoted solely to 20th century art...

, Oxford MoMA, NTT
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
, commonly known as NTT, is a Japanese telecommunications company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Ranked the 31st in Fortune Global 500, NTT is the largest telecommunications company in Asia, and the second-largest in the world in terms of revenue....

 Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...

, Tate Modern
Tate Modern
Tate Modern is a modern art gallery located in London, England. It is Britain's national gallery of international modern art and forms part of the Tate group . It is the most-visited modern art gallery in the world, with around 4.7 million visitors per year...

 and Venice Biennale
Venice Biennale
The Venice Biennale is a major contemporary art exhibition that takes place once every two years in Venice, Italy. The Venice Film Festival is part of it. So too is the Venice Biennale of Architecture, which is held in even years...

, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

. As a member (and co-founder) of the Raster-Noton label he was responsible for the acclaimed CD series '20 to 2000' that went on to win the Golden Nica prize at Prix Ars Electronica
Prix Ars Electronica
The Prix Ars Electronica is one of the most important yearly prizes in the field of electronic and interactive art, computer animation, digital culture and music...

, 2000.

Solo albums

  • Prototypes — 2000 (Mille Plateaux
    Mille Plateaux
    Mille Plateaux is an influential electronica record label founded 1993 by Achim Szepanski in Frankfurt, Germany. It is known for mostly releasing minimal techno, glitch music and other experimental electronic music.-History:...

    ).
  • Transform — 2001 (Mille Plateaux) & re-released on Raster-Noton
    Raster-Noton
    Raster-Noton is a German electronic music record label founded in 1996 by Olaf Bender, Carsten Nicolai and Frank Bretschneider. Based in Chemnitz, Germany, Raster-Noton merged in 1999 from separate labels Rastermusik and Noton .The collective label's aesthetic focus is rhythmic, minimal electronic...

     in 2008. 'Transall cycle' "approaches the problematics of speed, the vision of utopia and the dissolution of our ideas into fragments."
  • Xerrox Vol.1
    Xerrox Vol.1
    -Track listing:# "10-22-38 Astoria" – 0:19# "Haliod Xerrox Copy 4" – 3:53# "03-10-06 Astoria" – 0:38# "Haliod Xerrox Copy 3 " – 11:17# "03-10-06 Astoria 2" – 0:36# "Haliod Xerrox Copy 2 " – 5:07# "Haliod Xerrox Copy 6" – 6:40...

    — 2007 (Raster-Noton)
  • Aleph-1 — 2007 (as 'Aleph
    Aleph
    * Aleph or Alef is the first letter of the Semitic abjads descended from Proto-Canaanite, Arabic alphabet, Phoenician alphabet, Hebrew alphabet, Syriac alphabet-People:*Aleph , an Italo disco artist and alias of Dave Rodgers...

    -1') (iDeal Recordings)
  • Unitxt — 2008 (Raster-Noton)
  • Xerrox Vol.2
    Xerrox Vol.2
    Xerrox Vol.2 is an album by German electronic artist Alva Noto.-Track listing:# "Xerrox Phaser Acat 1" –12:11# "Xerrox Rin" – 0:51# "Xerrox Soma" – 7:11# "Xerrox Meta Phaser" – 6:23# "Xerrox Sora" – 6:54# "Xerrox Monophaser 1" – 8:04...

    — 2009 (Raster-Noton)
  • For 2 — 2010 (12k/line)
  • Univrs — 2011 (Raster-Noton)

Solo EPs

  • Transrapid — 2004 (Raster-Noton).
  • Transvision — 2005 (Raster-Noton).
  • Transspray — 2006 (Raster-Noton).

Solo compilations

  • For — June 2006 (Line, a division of 12k
    12k
    12k is an independent record label, based in Pound Ridge, New York, USA. It was founded on January 1, 1997 by Taylor Deupree. The label focuses on experimental electronic music, specifically on digital minimalism and contemporary forms; as of January 2007, it has released over 40 CDs and become one...

    ). A collection of unreleased tracks created over the previous 4 years.
  • For 2 — March 2010 (Line, a division of 12k). A collection of unreleased tracks created over the previous 7 years.

with Ryuichi Sakamoto

  • Vrioon
    Vrioon
    Vrioon is a 2002 collaboration between Ryuichi Sakamoto and Alva Noto.Characterized by an unusual experimental sound , it weaves an electronic minimalism spreading a very little amount of notes during the songs. The album was elected among the first 50 albums of 2003 by magazine The Wire...

    — December 2002 (Raster-Noton)
  • Insen
    Insen
    Insen is the second album in an ongoing collaboration between Japanese composer Ryuichi Sakamoto and German electronic artist Carsten Nicolai . The album's core sound is a blend of Sakamoto's impressionist piano melodies and Nicolai's digitally processed beats and sounds...

    — March 2005 (Raster-Noton)
  • Revep — March 2006 (Raster-Noton)
  • Insen Live — October 2006 (Raster-Noton). DVD release. Contains fifteen tracks and video footage from the 'Insen' tour. Recordings for the DVD took place at Casa da Musica
    Casa da Música
    Casa da Música is a major concert hall space in Porto, Portugal which houses the cultural institution of the same name with its three orchestras Orquestra Nacional do Porto, Orquestra Barroca and Remix Ensemble...

    , Porto
    Porto
    Porto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...

    , Portugal
    Portugal
    Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

    , on June 11, 2006 and at Sonar
    Sonar
    Sonar is a technique that uses sound propagation to navigate, communicate with or detect other vessels...

     festival 2006, Barcelona
    Barcelona
    Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...

    , Spain
    Spain
    Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

    , on June 15, 2006 in Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound. Also contains live tracks from the 2005 Insen album, as well as previously unreleased tracks such as 'Xerox' and 'Barco.'
  • utp — September 2008 (Raster-Noton)
  • Summvs — May 2011 (Raster-Noton)

with Scanner (Robin Rimbaud)

  • Uniform: SF MoMA 2001. CD Contains 1 track, "Uniform," performed and recorded by Carsten Nicolai and Robin Rimbaud
    Robin Rimbaud
    Robin Rimbaud is an electronic musician who works under the name Scanner due to his use of cell phone and police scanners in live performance...

     (Scanner) for the exhibition of ""010101: Art In Technological Times"" at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA)
    San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
    The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art is a modern art museum located in San Francisco, California. A nonprofit organization, SFMOMA holds an internationally recognized collection of modern and contemporary art and was the first museum on the West Coast devoted solely to 20th century art...

     on March 3, 2001.

with Blixa Bargeld, as ANBB

  • Ret Marut Handshake — 2010 (Raster-Noton)
  • Mimikry — 2010 (Raster-Noton)

with Opiate (Thomas Knak), as "Opto"

  • Opto Files — 2001 (Raster-Noton
    Raster-Noton
    Raster-Noton is a German electronic music record label founded in 1996 by Olaf Bender, Carsten Nicolai and Frank Bretschneider. Based in Chemnitz, Germany, Raster-Noton merged in 1999 from separate labels Rastermusik and Noton .The collective label's aesthetic focus is rhythmic, minimal electronic...

    ). Limited CD release. Number 6 in the raster.static series. CD Comes in a silver anti-static bag with green card insert.
  • Opto: 2nd — June 2004 (Hobby Industries). The CD Contains ten tracks, all titled with times of the day. The collaboration was created in a 48-hour period and was inspired by the restored recording from a cassette found in a forest in Eastern Germany.

Compilation appearances (exclusive/non-albums tracks)

  • "Monophaser 4" from "V.a. - :2" (2008)
  • "Garment" from "Sound Canvas | 1" (2008)
  • "Planet Rock" from "Recovery" (2008)
  • "Stalker" from "In Memoriam Andrey Tarkovsky
    Andrei Tarkovsky
    Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky was a Soviet and Russian filmmaker, writer, film editor, film theorist, theatre and opera director, widely regarded as one of the finest filmmakers of the 20th century....

    " (2008)
  • "Haloid Xerrox Copy 3 (Paris)" from "Mind The Gap Volume 70" (2007)
  • "06.1 Quanta Random" from "Tribute to Iannis Xenakis
    Iannis Xenakis
    Iannis Xenakis was a Romanian-born Greek ethnic, naturalized French composer, music theorist, and architect-engineer. He is commonly recognized as one of the most important post-war avant-garde composers...

    " (2007)
  • "Sonolumi (For Camera Lucida)" from "Camera Lucida" (2007)
  • "Odradek (Music to Play in the Dark)" from "It Just Is In Memoriam Jhonn Balance
    John Balance
    John Balance , born in Mansfield, England, was the founder of the experimental music group Coil, along with his partner Peter Christopherson...

    " (2005)
  • "Re10" from "Landscape 2" (2005)
  • "Post-Remo" from "Richard Chartier + Various - Re'Post'Postfabricated" (2005)
  • "Party Plasibenpuis (for Rune Lindblad
    Rune Lindblad
    Rune Lindblad was a Swedish composer of Musique concrète and electronic music, and artist.-Career:He first began composing in 1953 and composed over 200 works....

    )" from "The Hidden City: Sound Portraits from Goteborg" (2004)
  • "Time…Dot (3)" from "An Anthology of Noise & Electronic Music / Third A-Chronology 1952-2004" (2004)
  • "m6re" from "SoundxVision 2004" (2004)
  • "Obi 2 Min." from "Frecuencies [Hz]" (2003)
  • "60 sec" from "Soundcultures" (2003)
  • "Strategies Against War 1.0--Covering All Information with White Noise" from "60 Sound Artists Protest the War" (2003) as Carsten Nicolai
  • "MM", "Time Dot" from "Raster-Noton. Archiv 1" (2003) as Noto
  • "Obi_2.3" from "Electrograph 02 - Athens Sound Media Festival 02" (2002)
  • "Menschmaschine" from "Klangmaschine_Soundmachine" (2002)
  • "Crystal R" from "Various - Live Sets At Ego 1998-2000" (2002) as Noto
  • "M 06 Short" from "Electric Ladyland Clickhop Version 1.0" (2001)
  • "Neue Stadt (Skizze 8)" from "Clicks & Cuts, Vol. 2
    Clicks & Cuts, Vol. 2
    Clicks & Cuts, Vol. 2 is the second volume in the Clicks & Cuts Series released by Mille Plateaux in 2001. The triple album was released as an attempt to investigate and define the glitch music aesthetic in its early 2000s popularity.-Track listing:...

    " (2001)
  • "Modul 4", "Impulse" from "Raster-Noton.(O)acis Box" (2001) as Noto
  • "Neue Stadt Skizze 1" from "Between Two Points" (2001) as Noto
  • "Sound Mobile" from "Ringtones" (2001)
  • "Prototyp P" from "Raster-Noton. Oacis" (2000)
  • "Prototype n." from "Clicks & Cuts
    Clicks & Cuts
    Clicks & Cuts is the first volume in the Clicks & Cuts Series released by Mille Plateaux in 2000. The double album was released as an attempt to investigate and define the glitch music aesthetic in its early 2000s popularity.-Track listing:...

    " (2000)
  • "Crystal s 10 60 sec." from "Computer Music Journal
    Computer Music Journal
    Computer Music Journal is an American academic journal that covers a wide range of topics related to digital audio signal processing and electroacoustic music. It is published on-line and in hard copy by MIT Press. The magazine is accompanied by an annual CD/DVD that collects audio and video work...

     Sound Anthology, vol. 24" (2000) as Noto
  • "Crystal.s2" from "Microscopic Sound" (1999) as Noto
  • "∞ [Radio Teeth Edit]" from "Various - Because Tomorrow Comes #2" (1999) as Carsten Nicolai
  • "Polyfoto 1a-1" from "Modulation & Transformation 4" (1999) as Noto
  • "Zeit T3" from "Effe 1999" (1999)
  • "POL .Motor", ".Test", ".Versuch", ".Anordnung", ".Variation", ".Modell" from "Just About Now" (1998) as Carsten Nicolai
  • "Chemnitz" from "Decay" (1997) as Noto

Remixes

  • Ryuichi Sakamoto
    Ryuichi Sakamoto
    After working as a session musician with Haruomi Hosono and Yukihiro Takahashi in 1977, the trio formed the internationally successful electronic music band Yellow Magic Orchestra in 1978. Known for their seminal influence on electronic music, the group helped pioneer electronic genres such as...

     - Insensatez (Re-model by Alva Noto)
  • Ryuichi Sakamoto
    Ryuichi Sakamoto
    After working as a session musician with Haruomi Hosono and Yukihiro Takahashi in 1977, the trio formed the internationally successful electronic music band Yellow Magic Orchestra in 1978. Known for their seminal influence on electronic music, the group helped pioneer electronic genres such as...

     - Undercooled (Alva Noto Remodel)
  • Björk
    Björk
    Björk Guðmundsdóttir , known as Björk , is an Icelandic singer-songwriter. Her eclectic musical style has achieved popular acknowledgement and popularity within many musical genres, such as rock, jazz, electronic dance music, classical and folk...

     - Innocence
    Innocence (Björk song)
    "Innocence" is a song written and recorded by Icelandic singer Björk. The song was released as the second single from her sixth full-length studio album, Volta. It is co-produced by Hip-Hop/R&B record producer Timbaland and his protégé Danja. The song was premiered on Björk's MySpace profile on...

     (Alva Noto Unitxt Remodel 12" Remix)
  • Byetone - Plastic Star (Alva Noto Remix)
  • Modwheelmood
    Modwheelmood
    Modwheelmood is an Electronic-Alternative band from Los Angeles, California formed by Alessandro Cortini and former Abandoned Pools guitarist Pelle Hillström in 1998.-History:Modwheelmood formed in 1998, initially as a project entitled...

     - Things Will Change (Remodeled by Alva Noto)
  • Spyweirdos - Wiesbaden (Already Happened Tomorrow) (Schwarzer Bock Mix)
  • Ludovico Einaudi
    Ludovico Einaudi
    Ludovico Einaudi OMRI is an Italian contemporary music composer and pianist.-Biography:Born in Turin, Italy, Einaudi's mother played to him on the piano as a child. He began his musical training at the Conservatorio Verdi in Milan, gaining a diploma in composition in 1982...

     - Divenire (Alva Noto Remodel)
  • Pomassl - Sol (Alva Noto Rmx)
  • Machinefabriek
    Machinefabriek
    Machinefabriek is the musical nom de plume of Rutger Zuyderveldt from The Netherlands. As Machinefabriek, Zuyderveldt makes electronic music influenced by drone, classical ambient and noise, ranging from very silent work to loud, noisy soundscapes Machinefabriek is the musical nom de plume of...

     - Stofstuk (Alva Noto Remix)
  • Opiate
    Opiate
    In medicine, the term opiate describes any of the narcotic opioid alkaloids found as natural products in the opium poppy plant.-Overview:Opiates are so named because they are constituents or derivatives of constituents found in opium, which is processed from the latex sap of the opium poppy,...

     - 100301 (Re-Model by Alva Noto)
  • Greie Gut Fraktion - Wir Bauen Eine Neue Stadt (Alva Noto Remodel)
  • Kangding Ray - Pruitt Igoe (Rise) (Alva Noto Remodel)

Installations, etc.

  • Audio installation in the Piazza del Plebiscito
    Piazza del Plebiscito
    Piazza Plebiscito is one of the largest squares in Naples. It is named for the plebiscite taken on October 2 in 1860 that brought Naples into the unified Kingdom of Italy under the House of Savoy...

    , Naples
    Naples
    Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...

    , Italy
    Italy
    Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

    , December, 2009
  • Opening performance for "010101: Art In Technological Times" at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
    San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
    The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art is a modern art museum located in San Francisco, California. A nonprofit organization, SFMOMA holds an internationally recognized collection of modern and contemporary art and was the first museum on the West Coast devoted solely to 20th century art...

     (SFMOMA) on March 3, 2001
  • Lovebytes Digital Festival, Sheffield
    Sheffield
    Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely...

    , England
    England
    England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

    , 2003
  • Sónar Music Festival
    Sónar
    Sónar is an annual three-day music festival held in Barcelona, Spain. It is described officially as a festival of Advanced Music and Multimedia Art. Music is by far the main aspect of the festival....

    , 2004 and 2009
  • Netmage, Bologna
    Bologna
    Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...

    , Italy, 2006
  • BBmix Festival, 31 October 2008
  • Club Transmediale
    Club transmediale
    The annual CTM Festival festival is a music and visual arts event held in Berlin, Germany. Founded in 1999, the festival originally focused on electronic music, but has since evolved to cover a wide range of genres under the banner "festival for adventurous music and related visual...

    , Berlin
    Berlin
    Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...

    , Germany
    Germany
    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

    , 2009, 2008 and 2000
  • Pace Gallery
    Pace Gallery
    The Pace Gallery is a New York City-based exhibition space. It was founded in 1960 in Boston by Arne Glimcher.-PaceWildenstein:From 1993 until April 1, 2010, the gallery became "PaceWildenstein," a joint business venture between the Pace Gallery and Wildenstein & Co....

    , New York
    New York City
    New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

    , 2010

External links

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