Ambient Networks is a network integration design that seeks to solve problems relating to switching between networks to maintain contact with the outside world. This project aims to develop a network software-driven infrastructure that will run on top of all current or future network physical infrastructures to provide a way for devices to connect to each other, and through each other to the outside world.

The concept of Ambient Networks comes from the IST Ambient Network project, which is a research project sponsored by the European Commission

European Commission

The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....

 within the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6).

The Ambient Networks Project

Ambient Networks is a large-scale collaborative project within the European Union's Sixth Framework Programme that investigates future communications systems beyond today's fixed and 3rd generation mobile networks. It is part of the Wireless World Initiative. The project works at a new concept called Ambient Networking, to provide suitable mobile networking technology for the future mobile and wireless communications environment. Ambient Networks aims to provide a unified networking concept that can adapt to the very heterogeneous environment of different radio technologies and service and network environments. Special focus is put on facilitating both competition and cooperation of various market players by defining interfaces, which allow the instant negotiation of agreements. This approach goes clearly beyond interworking of well-defined protocols and is expected to have a long-term effect on the business landscape in the Wireless World. Central to the project is the concept of composition of networks, which is an approach to address the dynamic nature of the target environment. The approach is based on an open framework for network control functionality, which can be extended with new capabilities as well as operating over existing connectivity infrastructure.

• Phase 1 of the project (2004-2005) has laid the conceptual foundations. The Deliverable D1-5 "Ambient Networks Framework Architecture" summarizes the work from phase 1 and provides links to other relevant material.
• Ambient Networks Phase 2 (2006-2007) focuses on validation aspects. One key result of phase 2 is an integrated prototype that will be used to study the feasibility of the Ambient Networks concept for a number of typical network scenarios. The ACS prototype will be used to iteratively test the components developed by the project in a real implementation. In parallel, the top-down work is being continued which will lead to a refined System Specification. This document, referred to as the System Description, is available on the Ambient Networks website. Furthermore, standardization of the composition concept is addressed in 3GPP
  3GPP
  The 3rd Generation Partnership Project is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations, known as the Organizational Partners...
  
  .

Interfaces and their use

The ACS (Ambient Control Space) is the internal of an Ambient Network . It has the functions that can be accessed and it is in full control of the resources of the network. The Ambient Networks infrastructure does not deal with nodes, instead it deals with networks, though at the beginning, all the "networks" might only consist of just one node: these "networks" need to merge to form a network in the original sense of the word. A composition establishment consists of the negotiation and then the realization of a Composition Agreement. This merging can happen be fully automatic. The decision to merge or not is decided using pre-configured policies.

There are three interfaces present to communicate with an ACS. These are:

• ANI: Ambient Network Interface. If a network wants to join in, it has to do so through this interface.
• ASI: Ambient Service Interface. If a function needs to be accessed inside the ACS, this Interface is used.
• ARI: Ambient Resource Interface. If a resource inside a network needs to be accessed (e.g. the volume of the traffic), this interface is used.

Interfaces are used to hide the internal structures of the underlying network.

If two networks meet, and decide to merge, a new ACS will be formed of the two (though the two networks will have their own ACS along with the interfaces inside this global, new ACS). The newly composed ACS will of course have its own ANI, ASI and ARI, and will use these interfaces to merge with other Ambient Networks. Other options for composition are to not merge the two Ambient Networks (Network Interworking) or to establish a new virtual ACS that exercises joint control over a given set of shared resources (Control Sharing).

ACS Functional Entities

Functions are divided into Functional Entities (FEs). The ACS provides a flexible and extensible framework to run these FEs as a distributed system. Examples are

• Composition Functional Entity: Controlling composition of ANs
• Bearer Management FEs
• Overlay Management FEs

More information on FEs is contained in the Ambient Networks Framework Architecture and the latest version of the System Description.

Example Situation

Alice has a PAN

Personal area network

A personal area network is a computer network used for communication among computer devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants, in proximity to an individual's body. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters...

, a Personal Area Network on her body: she has a Bluetooth

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks with high levels of security...

 enabled PDA

Personal digital assistant

A personal digital assistant , also known as a palmtop computer, or personal data assistant, is a mobile device that functions as a personal information manager. Current PDAs often have the ability to connect to the Internet...

, mobile phone and laptop

Laptop

A laptop, also called a notebook, is a personal computer for mobile use. A laptop integrates most of the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device and speakers into a single unit...

 that she is carrying, and are all currently turned on, and forming a network. Her laptop also has the ability to connect using an available WLAN

Wireless LAN

A wireless local area network links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method , and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet. This gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network...

, and her mobile phone has the ability to connect through GPRS, though GPRS is slower and much more costly for Alice to use. She is now on the move, and her laptop is downloading her emails using the GPRS connection on the mobile:

Laptop -> (Bluetooth) -> Mobile -> (GPRS) -> Mobile phone network

While walking, she passes into an area covered by a free WLAN hotspot

Hotspot (Wi-Fi)

A hotspot is a site that offers Internet access over a wireless local area network through the use of a router connected to a link to an Internet service provider...

: Her PAN now immediately starts to initiate a connection with the hotspot. This is called "merging" of the networks (that of the hotspot and that of her PAN). Once this merging is complete, the downloading of her email continues totally unaffected, but instead of using the expensive and slow GPRS connection, it is now using the newly established WLAN connection. If she now wants to browse the web with her PDA, the PDA will also use the WLAN connection of the laptop:

PDA-> (bluetooth) -> Laptop-> (WLAN) -> Hotspot

External links

• The official site

• Dynamic and Automatic Interworking between Personal Area Networks using Composition
• Sixth Framework Programme
• Wireless World Initiative
• "Ambient Networks Framework Architecture"
• Standardization of composition in 3GPP
• smartnfc.com - Intra Body Communication and Personal Area Networks
• ASPAN - Next Generation Personal Area Networks