Amqu
Encyclopedia
The Amqu is a region (now in eastern Lebanon
), equivalent to the Beqaa Valley
region, named in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
corpus
.
In the Amarna letters, two other associated regions appear to be east(?) and north(?), and are often mentioned in association with Amqu, namely Nuhašše
, and Niya
-Niye (or Nii). A third hypothetical region, either adjacent or within the region of Amqu, is Subaru, as according to the letter corpus possessions or people were sold: "at the land of Subaru".
The affairs in the region are often associated with Hatti, or the King of Hatti-(to the north), or with Etakkama
of Qidšu/Qinsa-(also Kissa)-(i.e. Kadesh
).
'), "Report no 4" of 4.
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
), equivalent to the Beqaa Valley
Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley is a fertile valley in east Lebanon. For the Romans, the Beqaa Valley was a major agricultural source, and today it remains Lebanon’s most important farming region...
region, named in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
corpus
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
.
In the Amarna letters, two other associated regions appear to be east(?) and north(?), and are often mentioned in association with Amqu, namely Nuhašše
Nuhašše
Nuhašše, also Nuhašša, was a territory in the Syrian region mentioned in various Middle Eastern documents as between Mari on the Euphrates and Hammath. The 1350 BC Amarna letters correspondence refers to Nuhašše in 11 tablet-letters written in Akkadian cuneiform.The region was generally south of...
, and Niya
Niya (kingdom)
Niya, Niye, and also Niy of Thutmose I's Ancient Egypt, also Nii of the Amarna letters, and Nihe, etc. was a kingdom in Syria, or northern Syria....
-Niye (or Nii). A third hypothetical region, either adjacent or within the region of Amqu, is Subaru, as according to the letter corpus possessions or people were sold: "at the land of Subaru".
The affairs in the region are often associated with Hatti, or the King of Hatti-(to the north), or with Etakkama
Etakkama
Etakkama, as a common name, but also, Aitukama, Atakama, Etakama, and Itakama is the name for the 'mayor' of Qidšu, of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence....
of Qidšu/Qinsa-(also Kissa)-(i.e. Kadesh
Kadesh
This article is about Kadesh in the lands of the Amurru, bordering on Damascus Syria up to Hammath; see also Kadesh or Kedesh Kadesh was an ancient city of the Levant, located on or near the headwaters or ford of the Orontes River...
).
Abdi-Riša letter-(his only letter)
(The scribe wrote four identical letters-(for four city-state leaders), so who the 'author' is has to be speculatative.)EA 363, title: "A joint report on Amqu (4)"
El Amarna letter 363, (EA for 'el AmarnaAmarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
'), "Report no 4" of 4.
- "Say to the king-(i.e. Pharaoh), my lord, my god, my Sun: Message of 'Abdi-RišaAbdi-RišaAbdi-Riša was a ruler-'mayor' of Enišasi, during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence . Another mayor of Enišasi, Šatiya, is found in the Amarna letters corpus. The name "Abdi-Riša" means "servant-Riša"....
, your servant, the ruler of E(ni)šasiEnišasiEnišasi, was a city, or city-state located in the Beqaa Valley- of Lebanon, during the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Of the 382–Amarna letters, Enišasi is only referenced in two letters...
. I fall in the dirtProstration formulaIn the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
under the feet of the king, my lord, 7 times and 7 times. Look, we ar(e) in Amqu, in cities of the king, my lord, and EtakkamaEtakkamaEtakkama, as a common name, but also, Aitukama, Atakama, Etakama, and Itakama is the name for the 'mayor' of Qidšu, of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence....
, the ruler of QinsaKadeshThis article is about Kadesh in the lands of the Amurru, bordering on Damascus Syria up to Hammath; see also Kadesh or Kedesh Kadesh was an ancient city of the Levant, located on or near the headwaters or ford of the Orontes River...
-(KadeshKadeshThis article is about Kadesh in the lands of the Amurru, bordering on Damascus Syria up to Hammath; see also Kadesh or Kedesh Kadesh was an ancient city of the Levant, located on or near the headwaters or ford of the Orontes River...
), assisted the troops of Hatti and set the cities of the king, my lord, on fire. May the king, my lord, take cognizance, and may the king, my lord, give archersArchers (Egyptian pítati)The Pítati were a contingent of archers in the Egyptian Empire, often requested and dispatched, to support the Egyptian vassalage in Canaan, or northern Canaan...
that we may (re)gain the cities of the king, my lord, and dwell in the cities of the king, my lord, my god, my Sun." -EA 363, lines 1-23 (complete)
External links
- http://www.leidenuniv.nl/nino/aeb93/aeb93_4.html#IV.cIV: International Affairs: (Amarna PeriodAmarna PeriodThe Amarna Period was an era of Egyptian history during the latter half of the Eighteenth Dynasty when the royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten in what is now modern-day Amarna...
).] - Hittites: Empires strike back