Anadenanthera
Encyclopedia
Anadenanthera is a genus of South America
n trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae
. The genus contains two to four species, including A. colubrina and A. peregrina. These trees respectively are known to the western world primarily as sources of the hallucinogenic
snuffs Vilca
/Cebil and Yopo
/Cohoba.
The main active constituent of Anadenanthera is bufotenin
.
s contained in Anadenanthera include:
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
n trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae
Fabaceae
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. The group is the third largest land plant family, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species...
. The genus contains two to four species, including A. colubrina and A. peregrina. These trees respectively are known to the western world primarily as sources of the hallucinogenic
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants
This general group of pharmacological agents can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. These classes of psychoactive drugs have in common that they can cause subjective changes in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness...
snuffs Vilca
Vilca
Anadenanthera colubrina is a South American tree closely related to Yopo, or Anadenanthera peregrina. It grows from 5 m to 20 m tall and the trunk is very thorny. The leaves are mimosa-like, up to 30 cm in length and they fold up at night. In Chile, A...
/Cebil and Yopo
Yopo
"Ebene" redirects here. For the city in Mauritius, see Ebene City.Anadenanthera peregrina, also known as Yopo, Jopo, Cohoba, Mopo, Nopo, Parica or Calcium Tree, is a perennial tree of the Anadenanthera genus native to the Caribbean and South America. It grows up to 20 m tall, having a thorny bark...
/Cohoba.
The main active constituent of Anadenanthera is bufotenin
Bufotenin
Bufotenin , or 5-hydroxy-dimethyltryptamine , is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin...
.
Chemical compounds
Chemical compoundChemical compound
A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Chemical compounds have a unique and defined chemical structure; they consist of a fixed ratio of atoms that are held together...
s contained in Anadenanthera include:
- 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine5-MeO-DMT5-MeO-DMT is a powerful psychedelic tryptamine. It is found in a wide variety of plant and psychoactive toad species and, like its close relatives DMT and bufotenin , it has been used as an entheogen by South American shamans for thousands of years.-Chemistry:5-MeO-DMT was first synthesized in...
, Bark - SerotoninSerotoninSerotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived from tryptophan, serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system of animals including humans...
- N-Methyl-serotonin
- 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, Bark
- BufoteninBufoteninBufotenin , or 5-hydroxy-dimethyltryptamine , is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin...
, Seeds, bark - Bufotenine N-oxide, Seeds
- N,N-DimethyltryptamineDimethyltryptamineN,N-Dimethyltryptamine is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound of the tryptamine family. DMT is found in several plants, and also in trace amounts in humans and other mammals, where it is originally derived from the essential amino acid tryptophan, and ultimately produced by the enzyme INMT...
, Seeds, pods, bark - N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide, Seeds
- N-Methyltryptamine, Bark
- 2-Methyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
- 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
- 1,2-Dimethyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
Species
- Anadenanthera colubrina
- Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.Conc.)Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.)AltschulAnadenanthera colubrina var. cebilAnadenanthera colubrina var. cebil Altschul is a mimosa-like timber tree native to Caatinga and Cerrado vegetation in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru. It has also been introduced to Mauritius. It grows up to 25 m tall, with a trunk diameter of 60-90 cm. The tree's...
- Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.Conc.)Brenan var. colubrinaAnadenanthera colubrina var. colubrinaAnadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina is a tree native to Argentina and Brazil. Common names for it include Angico, Angico-brabo-liso, Angico-cambui, Angico-coco, Angico-escuro, Angico-liso, Angico-vermelho, Aperta-ruao and Cambui-angico.-Growth:Anadenanthera colubrina var...
- Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.Conc.)Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.)Altschul
- Anadenanthera peregrina
- Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcataAnadenanthera peregrina var. falcataAnadenanthera peregrina var. falcata is a timber tree native to Paraguay and Cerrado vegetation in Brazil, specially in Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo. This plant is also used as an ornamental and medicinal plant....
- Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrinaAnadenanthera peregrina var. peregrinaAnadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina is a tree in the Fabaceae family. It is native to Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia and it is also found in the Caribbean.-Entheogen:In South America, Anadenanthera peregrina var...
- Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata
General References
- Constantino TorresConstantino Manuel TorresConstantino Manuel Torres, known as Manuel Torres, is an archaeologist and ethnobotanist specialising in the ethnobotany of pre-columbian South America and the Caribbean. In particular, he has shed much light on the Taíno use of Anadenanthera snuff Cohoba, its paraphernalia and associated...
- Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of South America (2006) ISBN 0-7890-2642-2 - Jonathan OttJonathan OttJonathan Ott is an ethnobotanist, writer, translator, publisher, natural products chemist and botanical researcher in the area of entheogens and their cultural and historical uses, and helped coin the term "entheogen".-Writings:...
- Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines (2001) ISBN 1-888755-02-4 - Richard Evans SchultesRichard Evans SchultesRichard Evans Schultes may be considered the father of modern ethnobotany, for his studies of indigenous peoples' uses of plants, including especially entheogenic or hallucinogenic plants , for his lifelong collaborations with chemists, and...
- Plants of the Gods (1992) ISBN 0-89281-979-0 - Patricia J. Knobloch - Wari Ritual Power at Conchopata: An Interpretation of Anadenanthera Colubrina Iconography. Latin American Antiquity 11(4), 2000, pp.387-402.
- http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=78
- Juan P. Ogalde, Bernardo T. Arriaza, and Elia C. Soto - Uso de plantas psicoactivas en el north de Chile: evidencia química del consumo de ayahuasca durante el periodo medio (500-1000 d.C.). Latin American Antiquity 21(4), 2010, pp 441-450.