Anadolu Feneri
Encyclopedia
Anadolu Feneri is a historical lighthouse
still in use, which is located on the Asian side of Bosphorus' Black Sea
entrance in Istanbul
, Turkey
. Anadolu is the Turkish name for Anatolia
. It is across from the lighthouse Rumeli Feneri
, which is on the European side of the strait at a distance of 2 nmi (3.7 km). A connecting line between the two lighthouses marks the northern boundary of the Port of Istanbul. The place, where the lighthouse stands, is named Anadolufeneri, which today is a fishermen's village in Beykoz
district.
François Baron de Tott
, a French
engineer and military officer of Hungarian
origin, who lived some years in Istanbul, reported on the existence of a lighthouse at this location in 1755. During the Crimean War
(1853-1856), it became necessary to have lighthouses on both sides of the Black Sea entrance of Bosporus to provide safe navigation for the French
and British
war ships. The French constructed Rumeli Feneri on the opposite side of the strait and improved the existing lighthouse Anadolu Feneri. Both lighthouses went in service on May 15, 1856. Anadolu Feneri was operated by the French until 1933 when the 100-years consession was cancelled and the Turkish authorities took over. Today, it is maintained by the Coastal Safety Authority of the Ministry of Transport and Communication.
The lighthouse is situated on Yum Burnu
or Yon (Hrom) Point 75 m (246.1 ft) high above the sea level and the entirely white painted tower has a height of 19 m (62.3 ft). The masonry built tower with a gallery around the lantern room has a conical
form. A two-story keeper's house is attached to the tower. Initially, it was lit by kerosene
that was later replaced by Dalén light
using carbide
(acetylene
gas). Today, the light source is electricity, however, a butane
gas lighting system is also installed for backup purposes. The lighthouse's lantern flashes every 20 seconds and its light is visible at a range of 20 nmi (37 km).
The lighthouse is listed in Turkey under the code "TUR 014" and its radio call sign is TC2ALH.
Anadolu Feneri, inhabited by a family, is open to public visit as a historical site.
Lighthouse
A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses or, in older times, from a fire, and used as an aid to navigation for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways....
still in use, which is located on the Asian side of Bosphorus' Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
entrance in Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. Anadolu is the Turkish name for Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
. It is across from the lighthouse Rumeli Feneri
Rumeli Feneri
Rumeli Feneri, aka Türkeli Feneri, a historical lighthouse still in use, is located on the European side of Bosphorus' Black Sea entrance in Istanbul, Turkey. Rumeli is the former name for the Turkish lands in Europe. It is across from the Anadolu Feneri lighthouse, which is on the Asian side of...
, which is on the European side of the strait at a distance of 2 nmi (3.7 km). A connecting line between the two lighthouses marks the northern boundary of the Port of Istanbul. The place, where the lighthouse stands, is named Anadolufeneri, which today is a fishermen's village in Beykoz
Beykoz
Beykoz is a district in the suburbs of Istanbul, Turkey at the northern end of the Bosphorus on the Anatolian side. Beykoz includes everything from the streams of Küçüksu and Göksu up to the opening of the Bosphorus into the Black Sea, and the villages in the hinterland as far as the river of Riva...
district.
François Baron de Tott
François Baron de Tott
François Baron de Tott was an aristocrat and a French military officer of Hungarian origin...
, a French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
engineer and military officer of Hungarian
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
origin, who lived some years in Istanbul, reported on the existence of a lighthouse at this location in 1755. During the Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
(1853-1856), it became necessary to have lighthouses on both sides of the Black Sea entrance of Bosporus to provide safe navigation for the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
and British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
war ships. The French constructed Rumeli Feneri on the opposite side of the strait and improved the existing lighthouse Anadolu Feneri. Both lighthouses went in service on May 15, 1856. Anadolu Feneri was operated by the French until 1933 when the 100-years consession was cancelled and the Turkish authorities took over. Today, it is maintained by the Coastal Safety Authority of the Ministry of Transport and Communication.
The lighthouse is situated on Yum Burnu
Yum Burnu
Yum Burnu , the ancient Ancyræan Cape or Ancyræan Promontory and the modern Greek Cape Psomion, is the cape at the northeast end of the Bosphorus, where it enters the Black Sea....
or Yon (Hrom) Point 75 m (246.1 ft) high above the sea level and the entirely white painted tower has a height of 19 m (62.3 ft). The masonry built tower with a gallery around the lantern room has a conical
Cone (geometry)
A cone is an n-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a base to a point called the apex or vertex. Formally, it is the solid figure formed by the locus of all straight line segments that join the apex to the base...
form. A two-story keeper's house is attached to the tower. Initially, it was lit by kerosene
Kerosene
Kerosene, sometimes spelled kerosine in scientific and industrial usage, also known as paraffin or paraffin oil in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid. The name is derived from Greek keros...
that was later replaced by Dalén light
Dalén light
The Dalén light was the predominant form of light source in lighthouses from the 1900s through the 1960s, when electric lighting had become dominant. The system was invented by Gustaf Dalén and marketed by his company AGA. Dalén later invented the AGA cooker in 1922. The Dalén light is notable...
using carbide
Carbide
In chemistry, a carbide is a compound composed of carbon and a less electronegative element. Carbides can be generally classified by chemical bonding type as follows: salt-like, covalent compounds, interstitial compounds, and "intermediate" transition metal carbides...
(acetylene
Acetylene
Acetylene is the chemical compound with the formula C2H2. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution.As an alkyne, acetylene is unsaturated because...
gas). Today, the light source is electricity, however, a butane
Butane
Butane is a gas with the formula C4H10 that is an alkane with four carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of two structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, butane refers only to the unbranched n-butane isomer; the other one being called "methylpropane" or...
gas lighting system is also installed for backup purposes. The lighthouse's lantern flashes every 20 seconds and its light is visible at a range of 20 nmi (37 km).
The lighthouse is listed in Turkey under the code "TUR 014" and its radio call sign is TC2ALH.
Anadolu Feneri, inhabited by a family, is open to public visit as a historical site.