Anapa
Encyclopedia
Anapa is a town in Krasnodar Krai
, Russia
, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea
near the Sea of Azov
. It was originally a seaport for the Natkhuay
tribe of the Adyghe people
. Population:
The town boasts a number of sanatoria
and hotels. Anapa, Sochi
, and several other cities along the Russian coast of the Black Sea have enjoyed a substantial increase in popularity since the dissolution of the Soviet Union
, which left traditional Soviet resort cities in Crimea
and Abkhazia
on the other side of the national border. Anapa is served by the Anapa Airport (AAQ).
Anapa, like the other Black Sea coast resorts, has a superb sunny summer climate. Anapa has beautiful, mostly sandy beaches. However, Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Western Europe via Moscow or Krasnodar
. Anapa remains an attractive and inexpensive option for Russians who prefer traditional Russian resorts to more expensive destinations.
The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was at first a major port (Sinda) and then the capital of Sindica . The colony of Gorgippia (Γοργιππία) was built on the site of Sinda in the sixth century BCE by Pontic Greeks
, who named it after a king of the Cimmerian Bosporus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC, Gorgippia flourished, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at the Russian Museum
. Gorgippia was inhabited until the third century CE, when it was overrun by nomadic tribes. These tribes are a Circassian or Adyghe
origin, gave Anapa its modern name. Anapa was part of Sarmatians
, Ostrogoths, European Huns
, Avars
, Gokturks
, Khazars
, Circassians and Golden Horde
.
Anapa was conquered by the Genoese
in 1300 and was renamed as "Mapa". Genoese possession of it was lasted until Ottoman conquest in 1475. Ottomans completed a fortress for defense of it against Russian threat in 1791. The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople
in 1829. It was included in Black Sea Okrug of Kuban Oblast and was given town status in 1846.
It was occupied by Ottomans between 1853-1856 during Crimean War
. It became part of the Black Sea Governorate
in 1896. Elizabeth Pilenko, later named as a saint in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church
, was the mayor during the Russian Revolution. It became part of the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast in 1920. During World War II it was occupied and totally demolished by Nazi Germany
with the help of Romanian troops
between August 30, 1942 and September 22, 1943.
of Anapa—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts
.
Municipally, the territories of the Town of Anapa and of Anapsky District
are incorporated as Anapa Urban Okrug
.
There is museum of Local History on Protapova Street.
. Novy Urengoy
, Russia.
Krasnodar Krai
-External links:* **...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
near the Sea of Azov
Sea of Azov
The Sea of Azov , known in Classical Antiquity as Lake Maeotis, is a sea on the south of Eastern Europe. It is linked by the narrow Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea to the south and is bounded on the north by Ukraine mainland, on the east by Russia, and on the west by the Ukraine's Crimean...
. It was originally a seaport for the Natkhuay
Natukhai people
Natukhai are a people of the Adyghe branch, whom are the original dwellers of the far north west of historical Circassia, and their areas historically extended from Anapa in the North to Tsemez in the south, currently Novorossiysk in the Russian Federation....
tribe of the Adyghe people
Adyghe people
The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
. Population:
The town boasts a number of sanatoria
Sanatorium
A sanatorium is a medical facility for long-term illness, most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis before antibiotics...
and hotels. Anapa, Sochi
Sochi
Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains...
, and several other cities along the Russian coast of the Black Sea have enjoyed a substantial increase in popularity since the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, which left traditional Soviet resort cities in Crimea
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
and Abkhazia
Abkhazia
Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
on the other side of the national border. Anapa is served by the Anapa Airport (AAQ).
Anapa, like the other Black Sea coast resorts, has a superb sunny summer climate. Anapa has beautiful, mostly sandy beaches. However, Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Western Europe via Moscow or Krasnodar
Krasnodar
Krasnodar is a city in Southern Russia, located on the Kuban River about northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. It is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai . Population: -Name:...
. Anapa remains an attractive and inexpensive option for Russians who prefer traditional Russian resorts to more expensive destinations.
History
Pontic Greeks
The Pontians are an ethnic group traditionally living in the Pontus region, the shores of Turkey's Black Sea...
, who named it after a king of the Cimmerian Bosporus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC, Gorgippia flourished, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at the Russian Museum
Russian Museum
The State Russian Museum is the largest depository of Russian fine art in St Petersburg....
. Gorgippia was inhabited until the third century CE, when it was overrun by nomadic tribes. These tribes are a Circassian or Adyghe
Adyghe people
The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
origin, gave Anapa its modern name. Anapa was part of Sarmatians
Sarmatians
The Iron Age Sarmatians were an Iranian people in Classical Antiquity, flourishing from about the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD....
, Ostrogoths, European Huns
Huns
The Huns were a group of nomadic people who, appearing from east of the Volga River, migrated into Europe c. AD 370 and established the vast Hunnic Empire there. Since de Guignes linked them with the Xiongnu, who had been northern neighbours of China 300 years prior to the emergence of the Huns,...
, Avars
Eurasian Avars
The Eurasian Avars or Ancient Avars were a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit entourage of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turko-Mongol groups...
, Gokturks
Göktürks
The Göktürks or Kök Türks, were a nomadic confederation of peoples in medieval Inner Asia. Known in Chinese sources as 突厥 , the Göktürks under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan The Göktürks or Kök Türks, (Old Turkic: Türük or Kök Türük or Türük; Celestial Turks) were a nomadic confederation of...
, Khazars
Khazars
The Khazars were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus , parts of...
, Circassians and Golden Horde
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...
.
Anapa was conquered by the Genoese
Republic of Genoa
The Most Serene Republic of Genoa |Ligurian]]: Repúbrica de Zêna) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, as well as Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean....
in 1300 and was renamed as "Mapa". Genoese possession of it was lasted until Ottoman conquest in 1475. Ottomans completed a fortress for defense of it against Russian threat in 1791. The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople
Treaty of Adrianople
The Peace Treaty of Adrianople concluded the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It was signed on September 14, 1829 in Adrianople by Russia's Count Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov and by Turkey's Abdul Kadyr-bey...
in 1829. It was included in Black Sea Okrug of Kuban Oblast and was given town status in 1846.
It was occupied by Ottomans between 1853-1856 during Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
. It became part of the Black Sea Governorate
Black Sea Governorate
The Black Sea Governorate , also known as Chernomore or the Black Sea Government, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus.It was established in 1896 on the territory of Black Sea Okrug of Kuban Oblast...
in 1896. Elizabeth Pilenko, later named as a saint in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
, was the mayor during the Russian Revolution. It became part of the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast in 1920. During World War II it was occupied and totally demolished by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
with the help of Romanian troops
Romanian Land Forces
The Romanian Land Forces is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. In recent years, full professionalisation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the force.The Romanian Land Forces were founded on...
between August 30, 1942 and September 22, 1943.
Transport
Includes Anapa Airport, a railway station, an international passenger port (for small-tonnage ships), a bus station and a network of highways.Administrative and municipal status
Administratively, along with one rural locality, it is incorporated as the TownCity of federal subject significance
City of federal subject significance is an umbrella term used to refer to a type of an administrative division of a federal subject of Russia which is equal in status to a district but is organized around a large city; occasionally with surrounding rural territories.According to the 1993...
of Anapa—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts
Administrative divisions of Krasnodar Krai
- Cities and towns under the krai's jurisdiction :*Krasnodar **city okrugs:***Karasunsky ****with 2 rural okrugs under the city okrug's jurisdiction.***Prikubansky...
.
Municipally, the territories of the Town of Anapa and of Anapsky District
Anapsky District
Anapsky District is an administrative district , one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Its administrative center is the town of Anapa . District's population:...
are incorporated as Anapa Urban Okrug
Anapa Urban Okrug
Anapa Urban Okrug is a municipal formation in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, one of the seven urban okrugs in the krai. Its territory comprises the territories of two administrative divisions of Krasnodar Krai—Anapsky District and the Town of Anapa. The area of the urban okrug is .The municipal...
.
Culture
The Town Theater of Anapa is located on Krymskaya Street.It was opened after the reconstruction of the Town Cultural Center. There are twenty nine public libraries including four for children. In 2010 the libraries of Anapa received more than 8,000 books, and magazines and newspapers were ordered costing more than 1,000,000 roubles, in addition, nine hundred CDs were purchased.There is museum of Local History on Protapova Street.
Architecture and sights
- The Gorgippia Archeological museum
- Gates of Turkish fortress
- Church of St. Onuphrius
- Lighthouse
- Wildlife preserve of Bolshoy Utrish
Climate
Anapa has a mild semi-arid climate with very warm dry summers and cool wet winters. The average temperature in January is 2 °C, and the average temperature in July is 22 °C. The annual precipitation averages only 400 mm.List of mayors
- Maria Skobtsova
- Valentin Mashukov
- Germogen Korolyov
- Mikhail Boyur
- Vitaly Astapenko
- Vladimir Tsukanov
- Anatoliy PakhomovAnatoliy PakhomovAnatoliy Nikolayevich Pakhomov is a Russian politician. He is currently the acting mayor of Sochi.Pakhomov served as the mayor of the town of Anapa from 2005 until 2008...
- Tatyana Yevsikova
Twin towns/sister cities
Anapa is twinned with: Gomel, BelarusBelarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
. Novy Urengoy
Novy Urengoy
Novy Urengoy is a city in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population: It is served by the Novy Urengoy Airport.It was founded in 1975 after the discovery of the Urengoy gas field, one of the largest in Russia...
, Russia.