Andimeshk
Encyclopedia
Andimeshk is a city in and the capital of Andimeshk County
, Khuzestan Province
, Iran
. At the 2006 census, its population was 119,422, in 26,140 families.
Andimeshk is located about 34 kilometres (21.1 mi) north of Shush
, on the main road and the rail line between Tehran
and Ahvaz
.
The name first appears in cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia from the Ur III period (21st to 20th century BCE) in the form Adamshakh, with a probable meaning "Crocodile (Town)".
Later it was called "Andamaska" or "Andimaska", meaning "plenty of butter"; local villages like Gheel-AB and Lour and two fortresses were added to it. The city was en route to Ilam
and Anshan and subsequently to Lorestan, which made it strategically important until the late Sassanid era.
During the Pahlavi dynasty
era, Andimeshk received a great deal of modern development projects because of its location and resources. These included a railway, the Dez Dam
, the Vahdati Air Base, the Dokoohe military depot and an aluminum factory-silo, as well as many other industrial developments. The city had been connected along the Trans-Iranian Railway
in 1929. During World War II a pipeline was also laid from Abadan
, then the location of the world's largest refinery, to Andimeshk; from there the fuel was re-loaded onto trucks and transported to the Soviet Union. In 1955 the pipeline was extended from Andimeshk to Tehran
.
According to Tarikh-e-Tabari most of the people in this city are of Khuzi origin.
Andimeshk County
Andimeshk County is a county in Khuzestan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Andimeshk. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 154,081, in 33,159 families. The county is subdivided into two districts: the Central District and Alvar-e Garmsiri District. The county has two...
, Khuzestan Province
Khuzestan Province
Khuzestan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq's Basra Province and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahwaz and covers an area of 63,238 km²...
, Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. At the 2006 census, its population was 119,422, in 26,140 families.
Andimeshk is located about 34 kilometres (21.1 mi) north of Shush
Shush
Shush may be:*the Iranian town of Shush**the Persian name of ancient Susa, which is next to the modern town**Shush County, Iran**a Tehran metro station* S.H.U.S.H., the fictional peace-keeping organization* Slang to keep quiet...
, on the main road and the rail line between Tehran
Tehran
Tehran , sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, one of the largest cities in Western Asia, and is the world's 19th largest city.In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to...
and Ahvaz
Ahvaz
-History:For a more comprehensive historical treatment of the area, see the history section of Khūzestān Province.-Ancient history:Ahvaz is the anagram of "Avaz" and "Avaja" which appear in Darius's epigraph...
.
The name first appears in cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia from the Ur III period (21st to 20th century BCE) in the form Adamshakh, with a probable meaning "Crocodile (Town)".
Later it was called "Andamaska" or "Andimaska", meaning "plenty of butter"; local villages like Gheel-AB and Lour and two fortresses were added to it. The city was en route to Ilam
Ilam, Iran
Ilam is a city in and the capital of Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 155,289, in 34,549 families.The Kabir Kuh mountain range lies east of the city. From the west it borders Iraq. The city is populated by Kurds and speak Kurdish.-Climate:Ilam is situated in the cold...
and Anshan and subsequently to Lorestan, which made it strategically important until the late Sassanid era.
During the Pahlavi dynasty
Pahlavi dynasty
The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ...
era, Andimeshk received a great deal of modern development projects because of its location and resources. These included a railway, the Dez Dam
Dez Dam
The Dez Dam is a large hydroelectric dam built in Iran in 1963 by an Italian consortium.The dam is on the Dez River in the Northwestern province of Khuzestan, the closest city being Andimeshk. It is high, making it one of the highest in the world, and has a reservoir capacity of...
, the Vahdati Air Base, the Dokoohe military depot and an aluminum factory-silo, as well as many other industrial developments. The city had been connected along the Trans-Iranian Railway
Trans-Iranian Railway
The Trans-Iranian Railway was a major railway building project started in 1927 and completed in 1938, under the direction of the Persian monarch, Reza Shah, and entirely with indigenous capital. It links the capital Tehran with the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea...
in 1929. During World War II a pipeline was also laid from Abadan
Abadan
Abadan is a city in and the capital of Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. It lies on Abadan Island , from the Persian Gulf, near the Iraqi-Iran border. The civilian population of the city dropped to near zero during the eight-years Iran–Iraq War. In 1992, only 84,774 had returned to live...
, then the location of the world's largest refinery, to Andimeshk; from there the fuel was re-loaded onto trucks and transported to the Soviet Union. In 1955 the pipeline was extended from Andimeshk to Tehran
Tehran
Tehran , sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, one of the largest cities in Western Asia, and is the world's 19th largest city.In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to...
.
According to Tarikh-e-Tabari most of the people in this city are of Khuzi origin.