Animalier
Encyclopedia
Artist
An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only...
, mainly from the 19th century, who specializes in, or is known for, skill in the realistic portrayal of animal
Animal
Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and...
s. "Animal painter
Animal painter
An animal painter is an artist who specializes in or is known for their skill in the portrayal of animals, essentially up to about 1900. During the last century "wildlife artist" became the preferred term for contemporary animal painters....
" is the more general term for earlier artists. Although the work may be in any genre or format, the term is most often applied to sculptors and painters.
Animalier as a collective plural noun, or animalier bronzes, is also a term in antiques
Antiques
An antique is an old collectible item. It is collected or desirable because of its age , beauty, rarity, condition, utility, personal emotional connection, and/or other unique features...
for small-scale sculptures of animals, of which large numbers were produced, often mass-produced, in 19th century France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
and elsewhere.
Although many earlier examples can be found, animalier sculpture became more popular, and reputable, in early 19th century Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
with the works of Antoine-Louis Barye
Antoine-Louis Barye
Antoine-Louis Barye was a French sculptor most famous for his work as an animalier, a sculptor of animals.-Biography:Born in Paris, Barye began his career as a goldsmith, like many sculptors of the Romantic Period...
(1795–1875) for whom the term was coined, derisively, by critics in 1831. By the mid-century, a taste for animal subjects was very widespread among all sections of the middle-classes.
In French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
, a "parc animalier" is a zoo
Zoo
A zoological garden, zoological park, menagerie, or zoo is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures, displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred....
.
Prominent animaliers
Painters:- Richard AnsdellRichard AnsdellRichard Ansdell was an English oil painter of animals and genre scenes. He was also an engraver.-Life:Ansdell was born in Liverpool, Lancashire, the son of Thomas Griffiths Ansdell, a freeman who worked at the port, and Anne Jackson. His father died young and Richard was educated at the Bluecoat...
- Rosa BonheurRosa BonheurRosa Bonheur, born Marie-Rosalie Bonheur, was a French animalière, realist artist, and sculptor. As a painter she became famous primarily for two chief works: Ploughing in the Nivernais , which was first exhibited at the Salon of 1848, and is now in the Musée d’Orsay in Paris depicts a team...
- Charles JacqueCharles JacqueCharles-Emile Jacque was a French painter of animals and engraver who was, with Jean-François Millet, part of the Barbizon School...
- Paul Jouve
- Edwin Landseer
Sculptors:
- Antoine-Louis BaryeAntoine-Louis BaryeAntoine-Louis Barye was a French sculptor most famous for his work as an animalier, a sculptor of animals.-Biography:Born in Paris, Barye began his career as a goldsmith, like many sculptors of the Romantic Period...
- Solon BorglumSolon BorglumSolon Hannibal de la Mothe Borglum was an American sculptor. He is most noted for his depiction of frontier life, and especially his experience with cowboys and native Americans....
- Antoine-Félix BouréAntoine-Félix BouréAntoine-Félix Bouré , known in his own time as Félix Bouré but sometimes found in modern scholarship as Antoine Bouré, was a Belgian sculptor, best known for his monumental lions.-Life and career:...
- Auguste CainAuguste CainAuguste Nicholas Caïn was a noted French sculptor in the Animaliers school, known for his portrayals of wild and domesticated animals....
- Anton Dominik FernkornAnton Dominik FernkornAnton Dominick Ritter von Fernkorn was a German-Austrian sculptor. He was born in Erfurt, Thuringia and died in Vienna.- Career :...
- Christopher FratinChristopher FratinChristopher Fratin , also known as Christophe Fratin, was a noted French sculptor in the animalier style, and one of the earliest French sculptors to portray animals in bronze....
- Emmanuel FrémietEmmanuel FrémietEmmanuel Frémiet was a French sculptor. He is famous for his sculpture of Joan of Arc in Paris and the monument to Ferdinand de Lesseps in Suez....
- Anna Hyatt HuntingtonAnna Hyatt HuntingtonAnna Vaughn Hyatt Huntington was an American sculptor.-Life and career:Huntington was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Her father, Alpheus Hyatt, was a professor of paleontology and zoology at Harvard University and MIT, and served as a contributing factor to her early interest in animals and...
- Herbert HaseltineHerbert HaseltineHerbert Chevalier Haseltine was an Italian-born French/American animalier sculptor, most known as an Equestrian sculptor.-Early life and education:...
- Gaston d'IlliersGaston d'IlliersGaston d'Illiers was a French animalier sculptor who specialised in horses. His bronze statuettes are very realistic.-Biography:Gaston d'Illiers devoted all his life to his two passions: horses and sculpture. He was a very fine rider and showed a deep knowledge of horses...
- Henri Alfred JacquemartHenri Alfred JacquemartHenri Alfred Marie Jacquemart , often known as Alfred Jacquemart, was a noted French sculptor and animalier....
- Bohumil KafkaBohumil KafkaBohumil Kafka was a Czech sculptor and pedagogue, born February 14, 1878 in Nova Paka, Bohemia and died on November 24, 1942.He studied in Prague with sculptor Josef Václav Myslbek before moving to Vienna and then Paris to continue his studies. He worked in London, Berlin and Rome before...
- Gertrude Lathrop
- Pierre-Jules MênePierre-Jules MênePierre Jules Mêne, , was a French Sculptor and animalière. He is considered the pioneer of animal sculpture in the nineteenth-century....
- Léon MignonLéon MignonLéon Mignon was a Belgian sculptor working in a realist idiom, known for his depiction of bulls.Born at Liège, Léon Mignon completed his studies at the Académie royale des Beaux-Arts de Liège in 1871...
- Auguste OttinAuguste OttinAuguste-Louis-Marie Jenks Ottin was a French academic sculptor and recipient of the decoration of the Legion of Honor.-Early life:...
- François PomponFrançois PomponFrançois Pompon was a French sculptor and animalier.Born in Saulieu in Burgundy, he moved to Paris. Beginning in 1870 he studied under the noted animalier Pierre Louis Rouillard at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, and later worked as Auguste Rodin's assistant...
- Edward Clark PotterEdward Clark PotterEdward Clark Potter was an American sculptor best known for his equestrian and animal statues. His works include the "Fortitude" lion in front of the New York Public Library.-Early years:...
- Alexander Phimister ProctorAlexander Phimister ProctorAlexander Phimister Proctor was an American sculptor with the contemporary reputation as one of the nation's foremost animaliers.-Birth and early years:...
- Frederick RothFrederick RothFrederick George Richard Roth was an American sculptor and animalier, well known for portraying living animals. The statue of the sled dog Balto in New York City's Central Park is perhaps his most famous piece.-Biography:...
- Pierre Louis RouillardPierre Louis RouillardPierre Louis Rouillard was a French sculptor known for his sculptures of animals. He was one of a "school of French animalières" which also included Pierre-Jules Mêne, Antoine-Louis Barye, Auguste Caïn and François Pompon...
- Isidore BonheurIsidore BonheurIsidore Bonheur was a French sculptor. Born in Bordeaux, he was the third child of Raymond Bonheur and brother of Rosa Bonheur. He studied painting at first, however, in 1849 he enrolled at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, though he made his debut at the salon the previous year. He exhibited regularly at...
- Auguste TrémontAuguste TrémontAuguste Nicolas Trémont was a Luxembourgian sculptor. He specialised in sculptures of animals, with a particular emphasis on big cats.-Life:...
- Katharine Lane Weems