Ankara Agreement
Encyclopedia
The Agreement Creating An Association Between The Republic of Turkey and the European Economic Community (the "Ankara Agreement"), made in 1963, is an agreement aiming towards the accession of Turkey
into the European Economic Community
("EEC").
An Association Council set up by the Agreement controls its development and gives the Agreement detailed effect by making Decisions.
In 1970, Turkey and the EEC agreed an Additional Protocol to the Agreement.
One part of the Agreement was to be financial assistance from the EEC to Turkey, including loans worth 175 million ECU during the period from 1963-1970. The results were mixed; EEC trade concessions to Turkey in the form of tariff quotas proved less effective than hoped, although the EEC's share in Turkish imports rose substantially during the period.
The Agreement sought the free circulation of workers, establishment and services, including virtually total harmonisation with EEC policies relating to the internal market. However it excluded Turkey from political positions and precluded its recourse to the European Court of Justice
for dispute resolution to some extent.
has decided that these give specific rights to Turkish nationals and businesses which the EEC Member States are required by EEC law to respect.
Under Article 6(1) of Association Council Decision 1/80, Turkish nationals legally employed in an EEC Member State for certain periods gain rights to remain or switch employment in that state:
- a Turkish national legally employed by the same employer for one year has the right to permission from the Member State to remain in that employment;
- a Turkish national legally employed for three years in a particular area of work has the right to permission from the Member State to take employment with any employer in that area;
- a Turkish national legally employed for four years has the right to permission from the Member State to take employment with any employer.
A Turkish national who works legally as an au pair or while a student can count as a worker.
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
into the European Economic Community
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) The European Economic Community (EEC) (also known as the Common Market in the English-speaking world, renamed the European Community (EC) in 1993The information in this article primarily covers the EEC's time as an independent...
("EEC").
Background
Turkey first applied for associate membership of the EEC in July 1959, shortly following the EEC's creation in 1958. The EEC responded by suggesting the establishment of an association as an interim measure leading to full accession. This led to negotiations which resulted in the Ankara Agreement on September 12, 1963.The Agreement
The Ankara Agreement was signed on September 12, 1963 at Ankara. The Agreement initiated a three-step process toward creating a Customs Union which would help secure Turkey's full membership in the EEC. Upon creation, the Customs Union would begin the integration of economic and trade policy that the EEC saw as necessary.An Association Council set up by the Agreement controls its development and gives the Agreement detailed effect by making Decisions.
In 1970, Turkey and the EEC agreed an Additional Protocol to the Agreement.
One part of the Agreement was to be financial assistance from the EEC to Turkey, including loans worth 175 million ECU during the period from 1963-1970. The results were mixed; EEC trade concessions to Turkey in the form of tariff quotas proved less effective than hoped, although the EEC's share in Turkish imports rose substantially during the period.
The Agreement sought the free circulation of workers, establishment and services, including virtually total harmonisation with EEC policies relating to the internal market. However it excluded Turkey from political positions and precluded its recourse to the European Court of Justice
European Court of Justice
The Court can sit in plenary session, as a Grand Chamber of 13 judges, or in chambers of three or five judges. Plenary sitting are now very rare, and the court mostly sits in chambers of three or five judges...
for dispute resolution to some extent.
Individual rights under the Agreement
The Agreement, its Additional Protocol and Decisions of the Association Council are part of EEC law. The European Court of JusticeEuropean Court of Justice
The Court can sit in plenary session, as a Grand Chamber of 13 judges, or in chambers of three or five judges. Plenary sitting are now very rare, and the court mostly sits in chambers of three or five judges...
has decided that these give specific rights to Turkish nationals and businesses which the EEC Member States are required by EEC law to respect.
Under Article 6(1) of Association Council Decision 1/80, Turkish nationals legally employed in an EEC Member State for certain periods gain rights to remain or switch employment in that state:
- a Turkish national legally employed by the same employer for one year has the right to permission from the Member State to remain in that employment;
- a Turkish national legally employed for three years in a particular area of work has the right to permission from the Member State to take employment with any employer in that area;
- a Turkish national legally employed for four years has the right to permission from the Member State to take employment with any employer.
A Turkish national who works legally as an au pair or while a student can count as a worker.