Antiochus XI Epiphanes
Encyclopedia
Antiochus XI Epiphanes or Philadelphus, ruler of the Greek
Seleucid kingdom
, was a son of Antiochus VIII Grypus
and his wife Tryphaena
. Antiochus XI was a brother of Seleucus VI Epiphanes
and a minor participant in the civil wars which clouded the last years of the once glorious Seleucids, now reduced to local dynasties in Syria
. Following the defeat of his brother in 95 BC by Antiochus X Eusebes
, Antiochus XI and yet another brother, Philip I Philadelphus
, opted for revenge and besieged Antiochia
. After the campaign had ended in defeat, Antiochus was forced to flee but drowned in the river Orontes while trying to cross it on horseback. The year was 92 BC.
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
Seleucid kingdom
Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire was a Greek-Macedonian state that was created out of the eastern conquests of Alexander the Great. At the height of its power, it included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir and parts of Pakistan.The Seleucid Empire was a major centre...
, was a son of Antiochus VIII Grypus
Antiochus VIII Grypus
Antiochus VIII Epiphanes/Callinicus/Philometor, nicknamed Grypus , was crowned as ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom in 125 BC. He was the son of Demetrius II Nicator and Cleopatra Thea.-Biography:...
and his wife Tryphaena
Tryphaena
Tryphaena was a Ptolemaic princess. She married the Seleucid king Antiochus VIII Grypus and was queen of Syria .- Life :It is often assumed that Tryphaena also bore the name Cleopatra, but this has not been attested. She was the oldest daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII Physcon and his...
. Antiochus XI was a brother of Seleucus VI Epiphanes
Seleucus VI Epiphanes
Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nikator, ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom, was the oldest son of Antiochus VIII Grypus and his wife Tryphaena. In 96 BC, Seleucus defeated his half-uncle Antiochus IX Cyzicenus in revenge for his father's death...
and a minor participant in the civil wars which clouded the last years of the once glorious Seleucids, now reduced to local dynasties in Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
. Following the defeat of his brother in 95 BC by Antiochus X Eusebes
Antiochus X Eusebes
Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator, ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom, was a contestant in the tangled-up family feuds among the last Seleucids. Beginning his reign in 95 BC his first achievement was to defeat his double half-cousin/second cousin Seleucus VI Epiphanes, thus avenging the recent death...
, Antiochus XI and yet another brother, Philip I Philadelphus
Philip I Philadelphus
Philip I Philadelphus , a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom, was the fourth son of Antiochus VIII Grypus and his wife Tryphaena. Philip I took the diadem in 95 BC together with his older brother Antiochus XI Ephiphanes, after the eldest son Seleucus VI Epiphanes was killed by their cousin...
, opted for revenge and besieged Antiochia
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes was an ancient city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. It is near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey.Founded near the end of the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the...
. After the campaign had ended in defeat, Antiochus was forced to flee but drowned in the river Orontes while trying to cross it on horseback. The year was 92 BC.
External links
- Antiochus XI entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith