Anton Vratuša
Encyclopedia
Anton Vratuša (born 21 February 1915) is a former politician and diplomat, who was Prime Minister of Slovenia
and Yugoslavia
's ambassador to the United Nations
.
Born Doljni Slaveči, Austro-Hungarian Empire, today Slovenia
, his parents were sr. Antal Vratussa and Anna Bokán. Vratuša was involved in the Yugoslav People's Liberation War from 1941 onwards, and was interned in Italian concentration camps at Gonars
, Treviso
, Padova and Rab
from February 1942 to September 1943. After Rab concentration camp
was liberated by the Partisans
, Vratuša was Deputy Commander of their Rab battalion
, made up of camp survivors. He was also head of the Yugoslav Partisans' delegation at CLNAI, the Italian Partisans'
underground political entity during the German occupation of Italy
in the last years of the Second World War.
After the war, Vratuša pursued an academic and diplomatic career. He was Chief of Staff to Edvard Kardelj
(1953–65); the UN Commissioner to South West Africa
(now Namibia
) (27 October 1966-13 June 1967) while it was under direct UN rule and Yugoslavia
's ambassador to the United Nations
(1967–1969).
From April 1978 to July 1980, Vratuša was Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia
.
His published works include The Commune in Yugoslavia (1965) and Prospects of the Non-Aligned Movement (1981).
Between 1985 and 1988 he was the author of various UN publications, especially in the fields of the law of the sea
and politics in developing countries.
He is one of the founders of the International Center for Promotion of Enterprises
(formerly known as the International Center for Public Enterprises in Developing Countries), where he currently serves as a Honorary President of its Council.
Prime Minister of Slovenia
There have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...
and Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
's ambassador to the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
.
Born Doljni Slaveči, Austro-Hungarian Empire, today Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
, his parents were sr. Antal Vratussa and Anna Bokán. Vratuša was involved in the Yugoslav People's Liberation War from 1941 onwards, and was interned in Italian concentration camps at Gonars
Gonars
Gonars is a town and comune near Palmanova in the province of Udine, Friuli, northeastern Italy.-World War II:On February 23, 1942 the fascist regime established a concentration camp in the town, mostly for prisoners from present day Slovenia and Croatia...
, Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
, Padova and Rab
Rab concentration camp
The Rab concentration camp was an Italian concentration and internment camp on the Adriatic island of Rab, now part of the Republic of Croatia, during World War II. The camp was located at...
from February 1942 to September 1943. After Rab concentration camp
Rab concentration camp
The Rab concentration camp was an Italian concentration and internment camp on the Adriatic island of Rab, now part of the Republic of Croatia, during World War II. The camp was located at...
was liberated by the Partisans
Partisans (Yugoslavia)
The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans were a Communist-led World War II anti-fascist resistance movement in Yugoslavia...
, Vratuša was Deputy Commander of their Rab battalion
Rab battalion
The Rab Battalion was a unit of the Yugoslav partisans during the Second World War. It was formed by and from Jewish survivors of Rab concentration camp upon their liberation in September 1943....
, made up of camp survivors. He was also head of the Yugoslav Partisans' delegation at CLNAI, the Italian Partisans'
Italian resistance movement
The Italian resistance is the umbrella term for the various partisan forces formed by pro-Allied Italians during World War II...
underground political entity during the German occupation of Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
in the last years of the Second World War.
After the war, Vratuša pursued an academic and diplomatic career. He was Chief of Staff to Edvard Kardelj
Edvard Kardelj
Edvard Kardelj also known under the pseudonyms Sperans and Krištof was a Yugoslav communist political leader, economist, partisan, publicist, and full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts...
(1953–65); the UN Commissioner to South West Africa
South West Africa
South-West Africa was the name that was used for the modern day Republic of Namibia during the earlier eras when the territory was controlled by the German Empire and later by South Africa....
(now Namibia
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March...
) (27 October 1966-13 June 1967) while it was under direct UN rule and Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
's ambassador to the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
(1967–1969).
From April 1978 to July 1980, Vratuša was Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Socialist Republic of Slovenia
The Socialist Republic of Slovenia was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1990...
.
His published works include The Commune in Yugoslavia (1965) and Prospects of the Non-Aligned Movement (1981).
Between 1985 and 1988 he was the author of various UN publications, especially in the fields of the law of the sea
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea , which took place from 1973 through 1982...
and politics in developing countries.
He is one of the founders of the International Center for Promotion of Enterprises
International Center for Promotion of Enterprises
The International Center for Promotion of Enterprises is a UN-sponsored intergovernmental organization mandated to pursue and promote international cooperation in areas related to public sector management, sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainable development and promotion of knowledge-based...
(formerly known as the International Center for Public Enterprises in Developing Countries), where he currently serves as a Honorary President of its Council.