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Anza (missile)
Encyclopedia
Anza is a series of shoulder-fired
, man-portable surface-to-air missile
s produced by Pakistan. Guided by an infra-red homing seeker, Anza is used for low level air defence.
Anza is produced by Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)
, being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects. Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems. Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the Pakistan Army
, with the Mk-III version being the most recent. The Anza is also offered for export, Malaysia being its only known export customer after receiving 100 Anza Mk-I in 2002 and, later, a further 500 Anza Mk-II systems.
has stated Pakistan cooperated with North Korea in the production of conventional weapons when it developed the Anza.
The Anza Mk-I entered service with the Pakistan Army
in January 1990, followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994. Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the Pakistan Army
was announced in 2006.
In recent years, Pakistan has advertised the Anza series for export, displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the United Arab Emirates
and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.
The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza. It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices. The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.
Malaysia
Pakistan
with India. A MiG-21 and a MiG-27 of the Indian Air Force were shot down by Pakistan Army
Air Defence forces.
In December 2002, it was reported that Indian soldiers of the 24 Rashtriya Rifles
found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near the Line of Control
in Kupwara
, Kashmir
. An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001. Pakistan denied supplying Anza systems to the militants.
Reports have been circulated that an Anza MANPADS was fired at an Indian Air Force
Antonov An-32
in 2002 over the Line of Control
; the plane was able to land safely.
In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of Saudi Arabia
and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.
In 2008, the Pakistan Army
conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II in a semi-desert area near Muzaffargarh
in response to covert attacks
on targets in north-west Pakistan by American unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
, also known as drones. In November 2008, the chief of the Pakistan Air Force
told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement. In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles
Shoulder-launched missile weapon
A shoulder-fired missile, shoulder-launched missile or man-portable missile is a projectile fired at a target, small enough to be carried by a single person, and fired while held on one's shoulder...
, man-portable surface-to-air missile
Surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
s produced by Pakistan. Guided by an infra-red homing seeker, Anza is used for low level air defence.
Anza is produced by Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)
Kahuta Research Laboratories
The Khan Research Laboratories ,, formerly known as Engineering Research Laboratories , is a multi-program Pakistan's weapons science and engineering research and development institute and nuclear research facility...
, being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects. Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems. Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
, with the Mk-III version being the most recent. The Anza is also offered for export, Malaysia being its only known export customer after receiving 100 Anza Mk-I in 2002 and, later, a further 500 Anza Mk-II systems.
Development and design
Some sources state that the Anza Mk-II was co-developed in a joint project by Pakistan and China. Pervez MusharrafPervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...
has stated Pakistan cooperated with North Korea in the production of conventional weapons when it developed the Anza.
The Anza Mk-I entered service with the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
in January 1990, followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994. Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
was announced in 2006.
In recent years, Pakistan has advertised the Anza series for export, displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.
Training aids
The Mk-II is known to have the ATS-II Training Simulator included, which consists of a set of four Mk-II training missiles, four firing units, simulated ground batteries, cable interconnectors, PC-based control, monitoring and scoring unit with a target simulator made up of an infrared electric bulb moving along an overhead wire.The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza. It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices. The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.
Variants
- Anza Mk-I - The first MANPADS produced by Pakistan for use by the Pakistan ArmyPakistan ArmyThe Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
. Development is believed to have been assisted by China and the design is similar to the HN-5BHN-5The HN-5 , is a family of first generation Chinese man-portable air-defense systems based on Soviet technology. The literal translation of Hong Ying is Red Tassel, but HN abbreviation is used to avoid confusion with HY series anti-ship missiles of Silkworm missile family...
MANPADS. According to a British source the Anza is a copy of the SA-7 Grail. Approximately 1000 Anza Mk-I were produced between 1989-1998.
- Anza Mk-II - A third generation MANPADS, believed to be based on the Chinese QW-1 MANPADS. Uses a dual-band, cross-scan infra-red homing seeker to counter decoy flares. Also believed to use American missile technology. Approximately 1350 Anza Mk-II were produced between 1994-2009.
- Anza Mk-III - Believed to be based on the Chinese QW-2 MANPADS, modifications made to meet Pakistan ArmyPakistan ArmyThe Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
requirements include a new firing unit similar to the Russian 9K38 Igla MANPADS. All-aspectAll-aspectAn all-aspect missile is one which is able to track a target no matter which way the target faces relative to the missile. In other words, an all-aspect missile can be launched against a target in a tail-chase engagement, in a head-on engagement, in a side-on engagement, from above, from below,...
attack capability and improved ECCM capability. The minimum altitude of 10 m gives capability to attack very low flying helicopters and cruise missiles. Also has a vehicle-mounted launcher variant.
Operators
Malaysia
- Malaysian ArmyMalaysian ArmyThe Malaysian Army is the land component of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Steeped in British Army traditions, the Malaysian Army does not carry the title ‘royal’ as do the Royal Malaysian Air Force and the Royal Malaysian Navy...
- 1500 Anza MK.III delivered as part of a RMMalaysian ringgitThe Malaysian ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 sen...
446 million arms deal with Pakistan, used to arm the 10th Paratrooper Brigade.
Pakistan
- Pakistan ArmyPakistan ArmyThe Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
- Large numbers of Mk.I, Mk.II and Mk.III believed to be in service.
Operational history
On 27 May 1999, the Anza Mk-II was used to attack Indian aircraft during the Kargil conflictKargil War
The Kargil War ,, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control...
with India. A MiG-21 and a MiG-27 of the Indian Air Force were shot down by Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
Air Defence forces.
In December 2002, it was reported that Indian soldiers of the 24 Rashtriya Rifles
Rashtriya Rifles
The Rashtriya Rifles or RR are a branch of the Indian Army placed under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs....
found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near the Line of Control
Line of Control
The term Line of Control refers to the military control line between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir—a line which, to this day, does not constitute a legally recognized international boundary but is the de facto border...
in Kupwara
Kupwara
Kupwara is a town and a notified area committee in Kupwara District in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.Among the many tourist places in Kupwara, Lolab Valley has special significance. Sogam is a Tehsil and a really beautiful place to visit for its meadows, mountains, gushing waters, and...
, Kashmir
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
. An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001. Pakistan denied supplying Anza systems to the militants.
Reports have been circulated that an Anza MANPADS was fired at an Indian Air Force
Indian Air Force
The Indian Air Force is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its primary responsibility is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict...
Antonov An-32
Antonov An-32
The Antonov An-32 is a twin-engined turboprop military transport aircraft.-Design and development:The An-32 is basically a re-engined An-26. The launch customer was the Indian Air Force, which ordered this aircraft partly due to good relations between then USSR leader Leonid Brezhnev and then...
in 2002 over the Line of Control
Line of Control
The term Line of Control refers to the military control line between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir—a line which, to this day, does not constitute a legally recognized international boundary but is the de facto border...
; the plane was able to land safely.
In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.
In 2008, the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II in a semi-desert area near Muzaffargarh
Muzaffargarh
Muzaffargarh is a city in southwestern Punjab, Pakistan, located on the bank of the Chenab River. The Town of Muzaffargarh was founded in 1794 by the Governor of Mulran Nawab Muzaffar Khan.The Meaning of Muzaffargarh is "Fort of Muzaffar" because the old town lies inside the walls of a fort built...
in response to covert attacks
United States-Pakistan skirmishes
The United States and Pakistan have been engaged in several cross-border military confrontations and skirmishes along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. These incidents have involved the U.S. military and NATO-led ISAF forces, who have been present in Afghanistan fighting the War on Terror since...
on targets in north-west Pakistan by American unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Unmanned aerial vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle , also known as a unmanned aircraft system , remotely piloted aircraft or unmanned aircraft, is a machine which functions either by the remote control of a navigator or pilot or autonomously, that is, as a self-directing entity...
, also known as drones. In November 2008, the chief of the Pakistan Air Force
Pakistan Air Force
The Pakistan Air Force is the leading air arm of the Pakistan Armed Forces and is primarily tasked with the aerial defence of Pakistan with a secondary role of providing air support to the Pakistan Army and the Pakistan Navy. The PAF also has a tertiary role of providing strategic air transport...
told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement. In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles
Specifications
| Anza Mk-I | Anza Mk-II | Anza Mk-III | |
| Length (missile and booster) | 1.44 m | 1.447 m | 1.59 m |
| Weight (launcher and missile) | 15 kg | 16.5 kg | 18 kg |
| Missile weight | 9.8 kg | 10.68 kg | 11.32 kg |
| Propulsion | Solid fuel rocket motor (solid fuel booster rocket on launch) | ||
| Guidance | Uncooled PbS passive infra-red homing seeker | Cooled InSb passive infra-red homing seeker | Dual-band infra-red homing seeker |
| Warhead | HE fragmentation (containing 0.37 kg HE) with contact and graze fusing |
HE fragmentation (containing 0.55 kg HE) with contact and graze fusing |
HE fragmentation (containing 1.42 kg HE) with contact and graze fusing |
| Average cruise speed | 500 m/s | 600 m/s | >600 m/s |
| Max maneuvering | 6 g | 16 g | |
| Self destruction time | 14 to 17 s | 14 to 18 s | |
| Slant range | 1,200 m to 4,200 m | 500 m to 5,000 m | 6,000 m |
| Altitude | 50 m to 2300 m | 30 m to 4,000 m | 10 m to 3,500 m |
| Weapon reaction time | 5 s | 3.5 s | 3.5 s |
| Ready from the march | 10 s | 10 s | 10 s |
| Battery life | 40 s | 50 s | 50 s |