Apium virus Y
Encyclopedia
Apium virus Y is a plant pathogenic virus
in the genus Potyvirus
and the virus family Potyviridae
.
Apium virus Y is a recently described member of the potyvirus family. It was first found in Australia
in 2002 in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum: an immigrant weed in Australia). A survey of native and weed species in the family Apiaceae
found ApVY to be widespread in Australia. In addition, this survey and others found two other potyviruses. One was a well known potyvirus infecting the Apiaceae, Celery mosaic virus
(CeMV). CeMV has been found in celery (Apium graveolens) crops worldwide including Australia, New Zealand and the USA.. The third potyvirus found in these surveys was another previously unknown potyvirus, Carrot virus Y (CarVY).
, Washington state
and California
in the United States and in New Zealand . In New Zealand
, it was found in celery in a mixed infection with CeMV.
In Washington state two different strains of ApVY were found, one in domestic celery crops and other in the weed poison hemlock. The one in celery was 98% identical to the Australian nucleotide sequences. The one found in naturally infected poison hemlock was only 91% identical to the sequences from Australia. The later turned out to be 98% identical to the North American isolates found in Florida and California. In turn, the Florida isolate was 90-91% identical to the Australian isolates.
A third strain of this virus has been known in Germany since the early 1990s. Sequences of this virus isolated from parsely (Petroselinum crispum) were 94% identical to the Australian isolate from parsley. (H.-J Vetten, personal communication)
). In Germany it has recently been found natually infecting celeriac
or celery root. All are members of the plant family Apiaceae.
Symptoms reported included mosaic, vein clearing or banding, necrotic/chorotic line patterns and stunting. Some samples of parsly, celery and poison hemlock that gave positive results in tests however were asymptomatic.
In host range studies the virus causes local lessions on Chenopodium
quinoa and C. amaraticolor (Amaranthaceae
).
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...
in the genus Potyvirus
Potyvirus
Potyviruses infect plants and belong to the family Potyviridae. The genus is named after the type virus - Potato Virus Y.The Potyvirus, like the Begomoviruses, have ~30% of the currently known plant viruses and have at least 180 definitive and possible members...
and the virus family Potyviridae
Potyviridae
The Potyviridae are a family of plant viruses. They are . Their genome is composed of positive-sense RNA which is surrounded by a protein coat made up of a single viral encoded protein called a capsid. All induce the formation of virus inclusion bodies called in their hosts...
.
Apium virus Y is a recently described member of the potyvirus family. It was first found in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
in 2002 in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum: an immigrant weed in Australia). A survey of native and weed species in the family Apiaceae
Apiaceae
The Apiaceae , commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants...
found ApVY to be widespread in Australia. In addition, this survey and others found two other potyviruses. One was a well known potyvirus infecting the Apiaceae, Celery mosaic virus
Celery mosaic virus
Celery mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae .In California , mosaic diseases of celery were reported as early as 1922...
(CeMV). CeMV has been found in celery (Apium graveolens) crops worldwide including Australia, New Zealand and the USA.. The third potyvirus found in these surveys was another previously unknown potyvirus, Carrot virus Y (CarVY).
Geographic distribution
Since its sequence was first deposited in GenBank , ApVY has been found in FloridaFlorida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
, Washington state
Washington State
Washington State may refer to:* Washington , often referred to as "Washington state" to differentiate it from Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States* Washington State University, a land-grant college in that state- See also :...
and California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
in the United States and in New Zealand . In New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, it was found in celery in a mixed infection with CeMV.
In Washington state two different strains of ApVY were found, one in domestic celery crops and other in the weed poison hemlock. The one in celery was 98% identical to the Australian nucleotide sequences. The one found in naturally infected poison hemlock was only 91% identical to the sequences from Australia. The later turned out to be 98% identical to the North American isolates found in Florida and California. In turn, the Florida isolate was 90-91% identical to the Australian isolates.
A third strain of this virus has been known in Germany since the early 1990s. Sequences of this virus isolated from parsely (Petroselinum crispum) were 94% identical to the Australian isolate from parsley. (H.-J Vetten, personal communication)
Host Range and Symptoms
In addition to cultivated celery and parsley and the weed poison hemlock, ApVY infections have been identified in sea celery (Apium prostraum), cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), and bishop’s weed (Ammi majusAmmi majus
Ammi majus, commonly known as bishop's flower, bishop’s weed, false bishop’s weed, bullwort, greater ammi, lady’s lace, Queen Anne's lace or laceflower, originates in the Nile River Valley and has white lace-like flower clusters...
). In Germany it has recently been found natually infecting celeriac
Celeriac
Celeriac is also known as celery root, turnip-rooted celery or knob celery. It is a kind of celery, grown as a root vegetable primarily for its large and bulbous hypocotyl rather than for its stem and leaves. The swollen hypocotyl is typically used when it is about 10–12 cm in...
or celery root. All are members of the plant family Apiaceae.
Symptoms reported included mosaic, vein clearing or banding, necrotic/chorotic line patterns and stunting. Some samples of parsly, celery and poison hemlock that gave positive results in tests however were asymptomatic.
In host range studies the virus causes local lessions on Chenopodium
Chenopodium
Chenopodium is a genus of about 150 species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classifications separate it and its relatives as Chenopodiaceae, but...
quinoa and C. amaraticolor (Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae
The flowering plant family Amaranthaceae, the Amaranth family, contains about 176 genera and 2,400 species.- Description :Most of these species are herbs or subshrubs; very few are trees or climbers. Some species are succulent....
).