Apollonius (physician)
Encyclopedia
Apollonius was the name of several physician
s in the time of Ancient Greece
and Rome
:
Another physician of this name, who is mentioned by Apuleius
, as having been bitten by a mad dog
, must (if he ever really existed) have lived in the 2nd century AD. The name occurs in several ancient authors, belonging to one or more physicians, without any distinguishing epithet
.
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
s in the time of Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece is a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity. Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Included in Ancient Greece is the...
and Rome
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
:
- Apollonius Antiochenus, (or Apollonius of Antioch), was the name of two physicians, father and son, who were born at AntiochAntiochAntioch on the Orontes was an ancient city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. It is near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey.Founded near the end of the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the...
, and belonged to the Empiric schoolEmpiric schoolThe Empiric school of medicine was an ancient school of medicine in ancient Greece and Rome. They were so called from the word empeiria because they professed to derive their knowledge from experiences only, and in doing so set themselves in opposition to the Dogmatic school...
. They lived after Serapion of AlexandriaSerapion of AlexandriaSerapion of Alexandria, was a physician who lived in the 3rd century BC. He belonged to the Empiric school, and so much extended and improved the system of Philinus of Cos, that the creation of the school is attributed to him by some ancient writers. Serapion wrote against Hippocrates with much...
, and before MenodotusMenodotus of NicomediaMenodotus of Nicomedia in Bithynia, was a physician; a pupil of Antiochus of Laodicea; and tutor to Herodotus of Tarsus. He belonged to the Empirical school, and lived probably about the beginning of the 2nd century. He refuted some of the opinions of Asclepiades of Bithynia, and was exceedingly...
, and therefore lived in the 2nd or 1st century BC. One of them is probably the physician called Apollonius Empiricus; the other may be Apollonius Senior.
- Apollonius Archistrator, was the author of a medical prescription quoted by AndromachusAndromachus (physician)Andromachus was the name of two Greek physicians, father and son, who lived in the time of Nero.*Andromachus the Elder, was born in Crete, and was physician to Nero, 54-68 AD...
, and must therefore have lived in or before the 1st century BC. Nothing is known about the events of his life.
- Apollonius Biblas, lived probably in the 2nd century BC, and wrote, after ZenoZeno (physician)Zeno was a Greek physician.He was one of the most eminent of the followers of Herophilus, whom Galen calls "no ordinary man," and who is said by Diogenes Laërtius to have been better able to think than to write...
's death, a book in answer to a work he composed on the meaning of certain marks (charakteres) that are found at the end of some chapters in the third book of the Epidemics of HippocratesHippocratesHippocrates of Cos or Hippokrates of Kos was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles , and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine...
. It seems likely that he is not the same person as Apollonius Empiricus. His name is probably connected with the word bibliakos, and suggests that he was a "book worm".
- Apollonius Cittensis, (or Apollonius of Citium), 1st century BC, the oldest commentator on Hippocrates whose works are still extant. See Apollonius of Citium.
- Apollonius Claudius, must have lived in or before the 2nd century AD, as one of his antidotes is quoted by GalenGalenAelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus , better known as Galen of Pergamon , was a prominent Roman physician, surgeon and philosopher...
. Nothing is known of his life.
- Apollonius Cyprius, (or Apollonius of Cyprus), was the pupil of Olympicus, and the tutor to Julianus. He was a native of CyprusCyprusCyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
, belonged to the Methodic schoolMethodic schoolThe Methodic school of medicine was an ancient school of medicine in ancient Greece and Rome. The Methodic school arose in reaction to both the Empiric school and the Dogmatic school...
, and probably lived in the 1st century AD. Nothing more is known of his life.
- Apollonius Empiricus, perhaps one of the physicians called Apollonius Antiochenus. He lived, according to CelsusAulus Cornelius CelsusAulus Cornelius Celsus was a Roman encyclopedist, known for his extant medical work, De Medicina, which is believed to be the only surviving section of a much larger encyclopedia. The De Medicina is a primary source on diet, pharmacy, surgery and related fields, and it is one of the best sources...
, after Serapion of AlexandriaSerapion of AlexandriaSerapion of Alexandria, was a physician who lived in the 3rd century BC. He belonged to the Empiric school, and so much extended and improved the system of Philinus of Cos, that the creation of the school is attributed to him by some ancient writers. Serapion wrote against Hippocrates with much...
, and before Heraclides of TarentumHeraclides of TarentumHeraclides of Tarentum, , was a Greek physician of the Empiric school who wrote commentaries on the works of Hippocrates....
, and therefore probably lived in the 2nd century BC. He belonged to the Empiric schoolEmpiric schoolThe Empiric school of medicine was an ancient school of medicine in ancient Greece and Rome. They were so called from the word empeiria because they professed to derive their knowledge from experiences only, and in doing so set themselves in opposition to the Dogmatic school...
, and like Apollonius Biblas, wrote a book in answer to ZenoZeno (physician)Zeno was a Greek physician.He was one of the most eminent of the followers of Herophilus, whom Galen calls "no ordinary man," and who is said by Diogenes Laërtius to have been better able to think than to write...
's work on the marks (charakteres) in HippocratesHippocratesHippocrates of Cos or Hippokrates of Kos was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles , and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine...
. This was answered by Zeno, and it was this second work that drew from Apollonius Biblas his treatise on the subject after Zeno's death. He is also mention by GalenGalenAelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus , better known as Galen of Pergamon , was a prominent Roman physician, surgeon and philosopher...
.
- Apollonius Glaucus, must have lived in or before the 2nd century AD, as his work On Internal Diseases is quoted by Caelius AurelianusCaelius AurelianusCaelius Aurelianus of Sicca in Numidia was a Roman physician and writer on medical topics. He is best known for his translation from Greek to Latin of a work by Soranus of Ephesus, On Acute and Chronic Diseases. He probably flourished in the 5th century, although some place him two or even three...
. Nothing is known of his life.
- Apollonius Herophileius, is perhaps the same person as Apollonius Mus. He wrote a phamaceutical work entitled Peri Euporiston, , and of which some fragments are quoted in Cramer's Anecd. Graeca Paris, as still existing in manuscript in the Royal LibraryRoyal LibraryRoyal Library can mean:*Royal Library, Windsor - the royal library of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom*Danish Royal Library - the national library of Denmark*Dutch Royal Library - the national library of The Netherlands...
in ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. He lived earlier than AndromachusAndromachus (physician)Andromachus was the name of two Greek physicians, father and son, who lived in the time of Nero.*Andromachus the Elder, was born in Crete, and was physician to Nero, 54-68 AD...
who quotes him, and also before ArchigenesArchigenesArchigenes , an eminent ancient Greek physician, who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries.He was the most celebrated of the sect of the Eclectici, and was a native of Apamea in Syria; he practised at Rome in the time of Trajan, 98-117, where he enjoyed a very high reputation for his professional skill...
; hence he may have lived in or before the 1st century BC. He was a follower of Herophilus, and is said by GalenGalenAelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus , better known as Galen of Pergamon , was a prominent Roman physician, surgeon and philosopher...
to have lived for some time at AlexandriaAlexandriaAlexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
. His work, Peri Myron, On Ointments, is quoted by AthenaeusAthenaeusAthenaeus , of Naucratis in Egypt, Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourished about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD...
, and he is also mentioned by Caelius AurelianusCaelius AurelianusCaelius Aurelianus of Sicca in Numidia was a Roman physician and writer on medical topics. He is best known for his translation from Greek to Latin of a work by Soranus of Ephesus, On Acute and Chronic Diseases. He probably flourished in the 5th century, although some place him two or even three...
.
- Apollonius Hippocraticus, is said by GalenGalenAelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus , better known as Galen of Pergamon , was a prominent Roman physician, surgeon and philosopher...
, to have been a pupil of HippocratesHippocratesHippocrates of Cos or Hippokrates of Kos was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles , and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine...
, and must therefore have lived in the 4th century BC. He is blamed by ErasistratusErasistratusErasistratus was a Greek anatomist and royal physician under Seleucus I Nicator of Syria. Along with fellow physician Herophilus, he founded a school of anatomy in Alexandria, where they carried out anatomical research...
for his excessive severity in restricting the quantity of drink allowed to his patients.
- Apollonius Memphites (or Apollonius of Memphis), was born at MemphisMemphis, EgyptMemphis was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt. Its ruins are located near the town of Helwan, south of Cairo.According to legend related by Manetho, the city was founded by the pharaoh Menes around 3000 BC. Capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom, it remained an...
in EgyptEgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
, and was a follower of Erasistratus. He must therefore have lived around the 3rd century BC, and is probably the same person as Apollonius Stratonicus. He wrote a work On the Names of the Parts of the Human Body, and is quoted by ErotianusErotianusErotianus was the author of a Greek work still extant, entitled Collection of Hippocratic words . It is uncertain whether he was himself a physician, and try to solve father of medicine Hippocrates or merely a grammarian, but he appears to have written some other works on Hippocrates besides...
, GalenGalenAelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus , better known as Galen of Pergamon , was a prominent Roman physician, surgeon and philosopher...
, Nicolaus Myrepsus, and other ancient writers.
- Apollonius Mus, a follower of Herophilus. Nothing is known about his life, but he must have lived in the 1st century BC, as StraboStraboStrabo, also written Strabon was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.-Life:Strabo was born to an affluent family from Amaseia in Pontus , a city which he said was situated the approximate equivalent of 75 km from the Black Sea...
mentions him as a contemporary. He was a fellow-pupil of Heraclides of ErythraeHeraclides of ErythraeHeraclides of Erythrae, , a physician of Erythrae in Ionia, who was a pupil of Chrysermus, a fellow-pupil of Apollonius, and a contemporary of Strabo in the 1st century BC. Galen calls him the most distinguished of the pupils of Chrysermus, and mentions a work written by him, On the school of...
, and composed a long work on the opinions of the sect founded by Herophilus. He also wrote on pharmacyPharmacyPharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs...
, and is perhaps the same person as Apollonius Herophileius.
- Apollonius Ophis, is said by ErotianusErotianusErotianus was the author of a Greek work still extant, entitled Collection of Hippocratic words . It is uncertain whether he was himself a physician, and try to solve father of medicine Hippocrates or merely a grammarian, but he appears to have written some other works on Hippocrates besides...
, to have made a compilation from the Glossary of difficult Hippocratic words by BacchiusBacchius of TanagraBacchius of Tanagra, , , was one of the earliest commentators on the writings of Hippocrates and was a native of Tanagra in Boeotia. He was a follower of Herophilus, and a contemporary of Philinus. Therefore, he must have lived in the 3rd century BC...
; he must therefore have lived about the 2nd or 1st century BC. He may be the same person as Apollonius Pergamenus, or Apollonius Ther.
- Apollonius Organicus, is quote by GalenGalenAelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus , better known as Galen of Pergamon , was a prominent Roman physician, surgeon and philosopher...
, and must therefore have lived in or before the 2nd century AD. Nothing is known of his life.
- Apollonius Pergamenus (or Apollonius of Pergamon), is perhaps the same person as Apollonius Ophis, or Apollonius Ther. He was born at PergamonPergamonPergamon , or Pergamum, was an ancient Greek city in modern-day Turkey, in Mysia, today located from the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus , that became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 281–133 BC...
in MysiaMysiaMysia was a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor or Anatolia . It was located on the south coast of the Sea of Marmara. It was bounded by Bithynia on the east, Phrygia on the southeast, Lydia on the south, Aeolis on the southwest, Troad on the west and by the Propontis on the north...
, but his date is uncertain; he is quoted by OribasiusOribasiusOribasius or Oreibasius was a Greek medical writer and the personal physician of the Roman emperor Julian the Apostate. He studied at Alexandria under physician Zeno of Cyprus before joining Julian's retinue. He was involved in Julian's coronation in 361, and remained with the emperor until...
, and must have lived before the 4th century AD. He is probably the author of a long extract on Scarification preserved by Oribasius.
- Apollonius Pitaneus (or Apollonius of Pitane), was born at PitanePitanePitane may refer to:* Pitane , an ancient coastal city of Aeolis, currently the site of Çandarlı, İzmir Province, Turkey* Pitane , a nymph* Pitane , mythological eponym of Pitane * Pitane , a moth genus...
in AeoliaAeoliaAeolia may refer to:*Aeolia, another name for Aeolis in Anatolia*Aeolia, an older name for Thessaly before the Greek Dark Ages*The home of Æolus, son of Hippotes, a character in the Odyssey*Aeolia , a character found in Mother 3...
, and must have lived in to before the 1st century AD, as an absurd and superstitious remedy is attributed to him by PlinyPliny the ElderGaius Plinius Secundus , better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian...
.
- Apollonius Senior, is quoted by ErotianusErotianusErotianus was the author of a Greek work still extant, entitled Collection of Hippocratic words . It is uncertain whether he was himself a physician, and try to solve father of medicine Hippocrates or merely a grammarian, but he appears to have written some other works on Hippocrates besides...
, and must therefore have lived in or before the 1st century AD. He may be one of the physicians called Apollonius Antiochenus.
- Apollonius Stratonicus, was probably not the son, but the pupil, of Strato of Beryta. He is likely the same person as Apollonius Memphites, and may have lived about the 3rd century BC. He was a follower of ErasistratusErasistratusErasistratus was a Greek anatomist and royal physician under Seleucus I Nicator of Syria. Along with fellow physician Herophilus, he founded a school of anatomy in Alexandria, where they carried out anatomical research...
, and wrote a work on the Pulse, which is quoted by GalenGalenAelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus , better known as Galen of Pergamon , was a prominent Roman physician, surgeon and philosopher...
.
- Apollonius Tarensis (or Apollonius of Tarsus), was born at TarsusTarsus (city)Tarsus is a historic city in south-central Turkey, 20 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Turkey with a population of 2.75 million...
in CiliciaCiliciaIn antiquity, Cilicia was the south coastal region of Asia Minor, south of the central Anatolian plateau. It existed as a political entity from Hittite times into the Byzantine empire...
, and lived perhaps in the 1st or 2nd century AD. His prescriptions are several times quoted by Galen.
- Apollonius Ther, is perhaps the same person as Apollonius Ophis or Apollonius Pergamenus. He is quoted by ErotianusErotianusErotianus was the author of a Greek work still extant, entitled Collection of Hippocratic words . It is uncertain whether he was himself a physician, and try to solve father of medicine Hippocrates or merely a grammarian, but he appears to have written some other works on Hippocrates besides...
, and must have lived in or before the 1st century AD.
Another physician of this name, who is mentioned by Apuleius
Apuleius
Apuleius was a Latin prose writer. He was a Berber, from Madaurus . He studied Platonist philosophy in Athens; travelled to Italy, Asia Minor and Egypt; and was an initiate in several cults or mysteries. The most famous incident in his life was when he was accused of using magic to gain the...
, as having been bitten by a mad dog
Mad Dog
A mad dog is a dog suffering from rabies. Metaphorical use of the term dates to at least 1577, when a strong ale called Madde Dogge is mentioned in Holinshed's Chronicles...
, must (if he ever really existed) have lived in the 2nd century AD. The name occurs in several ancient authors, belonging to one or more physicians, without any distinguishing epithet
Epithet
An epithet or byname is a descriptive term accompanying or occurring in place of a name and having entered common usage. It has various shades of meaning when applied to seemingly real or fictitious people, divinities, objects, and binomial nomenclature. It is also a descriptive title...
.