al tract
by English author John Milton
against censorship
. Areopagitica is among history's most influential and impassioned philosophical defences of the principle of a right to freedom of speech and expression
, which was written in opposition to licensing and censorship and is regarded as one of the most eloquent defences of press freedom ever written.
Areopagitica was published November 23, 1644, at the height of the English Civil War
.
Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are; nay they do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them.
As good almost kill a man as kill a good book. Who kills a man kills a reasonable creature, God's image; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself, kills the image of God, as it were in the eye.
A good book is the precious lifeblood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life.
A man may be a heretic in the truth, and if he believe things only because his pastor says so, or the assembly so determines, without knowing other reason, though his belief be true, yet the very truth he holds becomes his heresy.
Seasoned life of man preserved and stored up in books.
I cannot praise a fugitive and cloistered virtue, unexercised and unbreathed, that never sallies out and sees her adversary, but slinks out of the race where that immortal garland is to be run for, not without dust and heat.
Where there is much desire to learn, here of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the making.
Who shall silence all the airs and madrigals that whisper softness in chambers?
Methinks I see in my mind a noble and puissant nation rousing herself like a strong man after sleep, and shaking her invincible locks. Methinks I see her as an eagle mewing her mighty youth, and kindling her undazzled eyes at the full midday beam.
Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.