Armenian casualties during World War I
Encyclopedia
Armenian casualties during World War I covers the Armenia
n casualties beginning with 1914 to 1922 when the Democratic Republic of Armenia
becomes part of Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. There is no direct estimate on how many Armenians lived before 1914. The main causes can be classified as:
. The government of Hovhannes Kachaznuni, was responsible for over half a million Armenian refugees in the Caucasus. A report in early 1919 noted that the lives had been claimed of: 65% of the population of Sardarabad, 40% of the population of eight villages near Etchmiadzin, 25% of the population of Ashtarak, and this continues... The 393,700 Ottoman refugees were under their jurisdiction as follows:
Another source to the fate of half a million Armenian refugees of the government of Hovhannes Kachaznuni, comes from League of Nations
study published in 1926 and individual report of "Transfer of Armenian Refugees to the Caucasus and Creation of an Armenian National Home in That Region". The refugees under Democratic Republic of Armenia
, which was in transition to Armenian SSR
at that time, was listed as 400,000 to 420,000 of Ottoman Armenian survivors after the war.
. It then began the daunting process of establishing a national administrative machinery in an isolated and landlocked misery. This was not the autonomy or independence of which Armenian intellectuals had dreamed and for which a generation of youth had been sacrificed". There were low value to ten thousands to high value hundred thousand Armenians were perished during the military conflicts of World War I
, beginning with the Armenian Resistance and following years under many campaigns of DRA. DRA was in military conflicts in the Battle of Kara Killisse (1918)
, the Battle of Sardarapat
, and Battle of Bash Abaran
with the Ottoman Empire
. Also, Georgian-Armenian War 1918
, Armenian-Azeri war 1918
, and later Turkish-Armenian War
. During the 1914-18 Armenian military power against the Ottoman Empire had an historical record. The total number of Armenian volunteer units
was in 150,000, according to Boghos Nubar
, the president of the "Armenian National Delegation":
The total death of Armenians (KIA
, WIA
, etc) because of the military activity of the Armenian volunteer units
and Armenian Militia, which joined the military force of Democratic Republic of Armenia
is unpublished by successor state Armenia
.
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
n casualties beginning with 1914 to 1922 when the Democratic Republic of Armenia
Democratic Republic of Armenia
The Democratic Republic of Armenia was the first modern establishment of an Armenian state...
becomes part of Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. There is no direct estimate on how many Armenians lived before 1914. The main causes can be classified as:
Deportations
Different sources gives different numbers. Bayur wrote: "800,000 Armenians died as a result of deportations or died in labor brigades." Yusuf Halacoglu an estimates that 40 thousand casualties had been registered during relocation which he claims only half a million Armenians were effected.Famine
The statistics published by the near-east relief comes under Democratic Republic of ArmeniaDemocratic Republic of Armenia
The Democratic Republic of Armenia was the first modern establishment of an Armenian state...
. The government of Hovhannes Kachaznuni, was responsible for over half a million Armenian refugees in the Caucasus. A report in early 1919 noted that the lives had been claimed of: 65% of the population of Sardarabad, 40% of the population of eight villages near Etchmiadzin, 25% of the population of Ashtarak, and this continues... The 393,700 Ottoman refugees were under their jurisdiction as follows:
| District | Erivan | Ashtarak | Akhta-Elenovka | Bash-Grani | Novo-Bayazit | Daralagiaz | Bash-Abaran | Etchmiadzin | Karakilisa | Dilijan |
| Number of refugees | 75,000 | 30,000 | 22,000 | 15,000 | 38,000 | 36,000 | 35,000 | 70,000 | 16,000 | 13,000 |
Another source to the fate of half a million Armenian refugees of the government of Hovhannes Kachaznuni, comes from League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
study published in 1926 and individual report of "Transfer of Armenian Refugees to the Caucasus and Creation of an Armenian National Home in That Region". The refugees under Democratic Republic of Armenia
Democratic Republic of Armenia
The Democratic Republic of Armenia was the first modern establishment of an Armenian state...
, which was in transition to Armenian SSR
Armenian SSR
The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet...
at that time, was listed as 400,000 to 420,000 of Ottoman Armenian survivors after the war.
Sickness
There is no published statistics for the number of people who died within the camps of red cross and American Committee for Relief in the Near East.Armed conflicts
Democratic Republic of Armenia which was established in 1918, was the first Armenian Republic. Conditions in the resistance of March 1918 was best explained by R.G. Hovannisian: "In the summer of 1918 the Armenian National council reluctantly transferred from Tiflis to Yerevan to take over the leadership of the republic from the popular dictator Aram Manukian and the renowned military commander Drastamat KanayanDrastamat Kanayan
General Drastamat Kanayan , known as General Dro, Դրօ, May 31, 1884 March 8, 1956), was a politician, revolutionary, military commander of Hitler’s Armenian Legion of the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany, and part of Armenian national liberation movement as a member of the A.R.F...
. It then began the daunting process of establishing a national administrative machinery in an isolated and landlocked misery. This was not the autonomy or independence of which Armenian intellectuals had dreamed and for which a generation of youth had been sacrificed". There were low value to ten thousands to high value hundred thousand Armenians were perished during the military conflicts of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, beginning with the Armenian Resistance and following years under many campaigns of DRA. DRA was in military conflicts in the Battle of Kara Killisse (1918)
Battle of Kara Killisse (1918)
The Battle of Karakilisa was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Vanadzor, in 1918. The outnumbered Armenian defenders managed to turn back the invading Ottoman forces, which broke the armistice, signed on December 1917, with Transcaucasian commissariat...
, the Battle of Sardarapat
Battle of Sardarapat
The Battle of Sardarabad or Battle of Sardarapat was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place near Sardarabad , Armenia from May 21-29, 1918...
, and Battle of Bash Abaran
Battle of Bash Abaran
The Battle of Bash Abaran was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Bash Abaran, in 1918. The Ottoman divisions attacked on May 21, but after three days of fierce combat the Armenians remained firm and the Ottoman regiments retreated in defeat.Armenian...
with the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. Also, Georgian-Armenian War 1918
Georgian-Armenian War 1918
Georgian-Armenian War was a border war fought in 1918 between the Democratic Republic of Georgia and the Democratic Republic of Armenia over the parts of the then-disputed provinces of Lori, Javakheti, and Borchalo district, which had been historically Armeno-Georgian marchlands, but were largely...
, Armenian-Azeri war 1918
Armenian-Azeri war 1918
The Armenian-Azerbaijani war, which started after the Russian Revolution, was a series of brutal and hard to classify conflicts in 1918, then from 1920 to 1922 that occurred during the brief independence of Armenia and Azerbaijan and afterward. Most of the conflicts did not have a principal pattern...
, and later Turkish-Armenian War
Turkish-Armenian War
The Turkish–Armenian War stemmed from an invasion of the Democratic Republic of Armenia by the Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement in the autumn of 1920...
. During the 1914-18 Armenian military power against the Ottoman Empire had an historical record. The total number of Armenian volunteer units
Armenian volunteer units
Armenian volunteer units, also known the Armenian volunteer corps were Armenian battalions in Russian and British armies during the World War I. Majority of these units support the military activities at the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. The origin of these units were varied. Some units...
was in 150,000, according to Boghos Nubar
Boghos Nubar
Boghos Nubar also known as Boghos Nubar Pasha was a Chairman of the Armenian National Assembly, liberal, the son of Egyptian Prime Minister Nubar Pasha and the founder, alongside ten other Armenian national movement leaders, of the Armenian General Benevolent Union on April 15, 1905.He was the...
, the president of the "Armenian National Delegation":
The total death of Armenians (KIA
Killed in action
Killed in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...
, WIA
Wounded in action
Wounded in action describes soldiers who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during war time, but have not been killed. Typically it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight....
, etc) because of the military activity of the Armenian volunteer units
Armenian volunteer units
Armenian volunteer units, also known the Armenian volunteer corps were Armenian battalions in Russian and British armies during the World War I. Majority of these units support the military activities at the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. The origin of these units were varied. Some units...
and Armenian Militia, which joined the military force of Democratic Republic of Armenia
Democratic Republic of Armenia
The Democratic Republic of Armenia was the first modern establishment of an Armenian state...
is unpublished by successor state Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
.
See also
- Armenian GenocideArmenian GenocideThe Armenian Genocide—also known as the Armenian Holocaust, the Armenian Massacres and, by Armenians, as the Great Crime—refers to the deliberate and systematic destruction of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire during and just after World War I...
- Ottoman Armenia
- Ottoman Armenian populationOttoman Armenian populationThe Ottoman Armenian population size within the Ottoman Empire between 1914 and 1915 is a controversial topic. Most estimates by Western scholars range from 1.3 to 2.0 million...
- Turkish War of IndependenceTurkish War of IndependenceThe Turkish War of Independence was a war of independence waged by Turkish nationalists against the Allies, after the country was partitioned by the Allies following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I...