Army Service Uniform
Encyclopedia
The U.S. Army
service uniform is the military uniform
worn by personnel in situations in which non-formal dress is called for. It is worn in most workday situations in which business dress would be called for. It can be worn at most public and official functions.
The green service uniform is slowly being replaced by the blue uniform.
The blue Army Service Uniform (ASU) is the "new" service uniform, and was adopted for optional wear in 2008. It was issued to new soldiers starting in the fall of 2010, and must be worn army-wide as mandatory wear after October 2015. The ASU is replacing two uniforms already in use – the "Army Green" service uniform and the "Army White" service uniform. It will be based on the current dress uniform known as the "dress blue" uniform. It has its roots in the "Army Blue" uniform, which dates back to the Revolutionary War
, in which the Continental Army
outfitted its soldiers in blue to distinguish them from the red uniform coats of the British Army. It also recalls the Civil War Union Army
's blue uniforms.
During the Civil War era, army uniforms were relatively simple. Typically, the same uniform served as a garrison uniform and as a combat uniform. Combat soldiers in the Civil War
wore a standard dark blue coat, just like personnel in garrisons or in army offices and headquarters. In the first half of the war, many states supplied their regiments with uniforms, resulting in distinctive jackets and buttons. Rank was indicated by a shoulder strap for officers, and chevrons on the sleeves for noncommissioned officers. Branch or specialty could be indicated by the color of the enlisted badge of rank, or the background color for officers' shoulder straps. Uniform standards were relaxed during the war years, especially on campaign, and men often wore a variety of hats in the field.
The 1899 Army Uniform Regulations provided for a cotton khaki uniform for field service, drawing on the experience of the Spanish-American War when both blue and drab clothing had been worn. From 1902 to 1917 the war, the army had two uniforms: a service uniform of wool olive drab Melton cloth for use by soldiers in the field, and a blue dress uniform used for ceremonies and off-post wear by enlisted men.
Lt. Gen. Edmund B. Gregory
, the Quartermaster General, pointed out in 1946 that World War One uniforms had changed from a comfortable loose-fitting garment to a tight-fitting uniform suitable only for garrison wear. At the outbreak of the war, the army had to develop new loose-fitting patterns which the men could live in, as well as muster on the parade ground. Gregory noted that this gradual change to a tight-fitting uniform in peacetime has been characteristic of the history of uniforms in all armies.
Around 1940, soldiers began to use special uniforms designed for combat or field operations, with numerous special equipment and packs. The M-1941 Field Jacket
was one of the first clothing items which was approved specifically for use in the field, and which was not meant to be part of a standard service uniform.
After this, service uniforms started to become more elaborate, as they were not needed to be useful in combat, and could take on a unique appearance, with new features and embellishments. Units began to display their own special patches, and badges
were added for various specialties.
Among the earliest unit patches ever used by the army was for the 81st Infantry Division. This unit trained at Fort Jackson
, South Carolina. They created patches showing a wildcat, so that they could identify each other quickly in combat. Some officers questioned this, but General John Pershing decided it was a good idea, so the army started to implement it for all units.
The first commendation ever used by the US Armed Forces was the original Purple Heart
, designed personally by George Washington
. It was originally a medal for valor, and at the time was the only one issued by the US Army. It fell out of use after the American Revolution, but was later revived and became the modern commendation for wounds in battle, which is how it is used today. World War One was the first time that the army began to award a variety of medals and decorations
, except for the Medal of Honor, which was first awarded during the Civil War.
The first proficiency badges were the Combat Infantryman Badge
and the Expert Infantryman Badge
, which were created in 1943 by the United States Secretary of War
. The Combat Infantryman's Badge was originally awarded for valor in combat. In 1947, every soldier who earned it was given a Bronze Star
, and since then, it is awarded for having participated in ground combat.
In World War II, the main service uniforms
were in various khaki and brown color schemes. the most commonly-worn service uniform was a four-button belted coat, with tan slacks. The great increase in various army commands and units caused a growth in variety and quantity of specialty badges and unit patches. For the first time, proficiency badges also appeared for marksmen.
Army commissions reviewed various factors of design, durability and appearance. Blue was considered because of its acceptance in men's clothing, but it would then have been too difficult to distinguish it from air force and navy service uniforms and the marine corps and navy dress uniforms. Several colors were reviewed, and finally green (shade 44) was designated the basic color for new dress uniforms.
The green uniform has been worn with minor variations since its official adoption in 1954. The green color was adopted in order to provide a color which was more military, and distinct from various uniforms of civilian service workers.
It is scheduled to be discontinued in 2014. It features a jacket with four buttons. Enlisted soldiers wear insignia denoting their branch of service
on their collars. Officers wear two sets of insignia consisting of the letters "US" on their collars and their branch on their lapels.
Proficiency badges, such as the marksman's badge, are worn on the upper left pocket flap. Above this are the ribbons for medals and commendations which have been earned for various actions, duties and training. Above the ribbons are qualification badges, such as the paratrooper badges and combat action badge. A nametag is worn on the upper right pocket flap. Unit awards and foreign awards are worn above the pocket, with a regimental insignia above both. Special duty badges, such as the recruiter's badge, are worn on the upper two pockets of the jacket; the side on which they are worn varies by badge, and is specified by regulation.
On each shoulder of the uniform are unit patches. The left side will have the patch of the soldier's current unit assignment. The right shoulder may have the patch of a unit to which the soldier has previously been assigned while deployed to a combat zone; soldiers with multiple previous combat assignments may choose which patch to wear. Tabs indicating Ranger or Special Forces qualification, if applicable, are worn above the unit patch on the left shoulder. A similar "airborne" tab is worn immediately above the unit patch if the command is designated as majority airborne, irrespective of whether the individual soldier is qualified as a paratrooper. As the shoulder sleeve insignia generally indicates merely the general-officer command to which the soldier is assigned, the soldier's immediate battalion or intermediate-level command is indicated by distinctive unit insignia
of metal and enamel, on the soldier's epaulets.
The Army Green Service Uniform ceased to be issued in the fall of 2009. Only the new Blue ASU is now being issued. The Army Green Service Uniform will be withdrawn after July 2014.
Another uniform, the Army White Uniform, is the Army's equivalent to the Dress White uniform worn by Officers in the U.S. Navy, but unlike the Navy, which mandates the owning and wearing of the white uniform throughout the summer months (year round in tropical locations) by all ranks (E-1 to O-10), the Army White Uniform is treated as an "optional" uniform, and is only required to be purchased by officers and Sergeants Major assigned to posts in the tropics and the southern United States.
Introduced in 1902 as a summer undress uniform, its wearing, along with the dress and undress blue, was suspended during World War I and was reintroduced in its present form, along with the modern-day dress blue uniform, in 1938. In its original (1902) form the white uniform included a standing collar and white flat braid trimming the coat edges. The 1938 model substituted a white coat without braid and with an open-fronted peak lapel worn with a white shirt and black tie.
With the impending hostilities of World War II, production of both the blue and white dress uniforms were suspended, but the Army White Uniform itself served as a model for the Class "A" Army Tan Uniform, which was introduced in 1942 (replacing a belted version designed around the Sam Browne Belt
) and discontinued in 1968 (the shirt & trousers "Class B" uniform was replaced with the Army Green Class "B" uniform in 1985), the post-war belt-less Army Blue Uniform, and the present-day Army Green Uniform, which replaced the World War II "Pinks & Greens" and "Ike Jacket" uniforms in 1956. Like the Army Green Uniform, the Army White Uniform features a main jacket with four buttons, worn with matching white trousers and service cap, but unlike the Army Green Uniform, no unit patches, specialty tabs, or the black beret are worn. Officers wear their silver or gold-colored rank insignia pinned onto the shoulder epaulets, while Sergeants Major wear gold-on-white rank insignia and service stripes on both sleeves as that on the Army Blue Uniform. A white dress shirt and either a black bow tie
or four-in-hand necktie
, for formal and semi-formal functions, is worn.
The Army White Service Uniform will be withdrawn after July 2014 .
Commissioned officers are given a one time stipend when commissioned to purchase their required uniform items. Officers then maintain proper fit and appearance of their uniform items throughout their career. The army requires officers to purchase and maintain both the green and blue service uniforms.
To streamline the number of uniforms soldiers purchase and maintain throughout their careers, the army will phase out the green and white service uniforms and retain the blue service uniform as the Army Service Uniform (ASU). Soldiers who currently have a blue service uniform can immediately begin wearing this uniform as their ASU.
The ASU was announced in 2006 by then Army Chief of Staff
General
Peter Schoomaker
, and will serve as the U.S. Army's dress, garrison, and ceremonial uniform. Once the new army uniform is phased in, the only green uniforms remaining in the U.S. Armed Forces will be the Marine Corps
Service uniform, which is olive green in color.
The new Army service dress made its "debut" at the 2007 State of the Union Address
when General Schoomaker wore his Army Blue Uniform.
The new uniform uses the current "Army Blue" uniform as a model. Accordingly in terms of color the uniform will resemble the campaign uniforms worn by soldiers during the Mexican-American War, American Civil War
, Indian Wars
, and the Spanish-American War
prior to the introduction of khaki uniforms in the 1890s (phased out in 1985) and olive drab (OD) uniforms in 1902 (phased out and replaced with "Army Green" between 1955 and 1957), making the blue uniform a dress uniform. Dress uniforms of dark blue tunics and light blue trousers were worn by all ranks until 1917 and reintroduced in a modernized form (with open collar and tie) for officers and warrant officers in 1937.
The army encourages soldiers and leaders who own the current Army Blue Uniform to wear it, when appropriate, as their Dress, Class "A", or Class "B" Uniform. The fielding of the new uniform policy establishes a Class "B" Uniform category for the current Army Blue Uniform as part of its bridging strategy. The Class "B" Uniform category defines those ASU items worn without the service coat.
ALARACT 202/2008 specifies that the "dress blue ASU" for men includes a "black bowtie." It makes no mention of the black four-in-hand necktie in connection with the "dress blue ASU." Since, according to paragraph 10 of the same ALARACT and paragraph 27-19a of AR 670-1, the bow tie is worn only after retreat, this text suggests that the "dress blue ASU" is not conceived of as a uniform order for the daytime, that the "dress blue ASU" for males is not an all-hours uniform including an evening variant with bow tie, and that the "Class A ASU" is the highest order of dress for daytime wear.
The Class "A" ASU includes the army blue coat and trousers/skirt/slacks, a short or long sleeve white shirt and four-in-hand necktie (male)/neck tab (female). (for accessories and other items authorized for wear on the Class "A" ASU see ASU accessory items authorized for wear paragraph below.)
Soldiers who have the high waist blue trousers worn with suspenders (designed to wear with the blue mess uniform) may wear these trousers with the current ASU during this transition period. These high waist trousers must be worn with the service coat, black wind breaker, black pullover or black cardigan sweaters.
The mandatory possession date for the new ASU items is final quarter of Fiscal Year 2014.
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
service uniform is the military uniform
Military uniform
Military uniforms comprises standardised dress worn by members of the armed forces and paramilitaries of various nations. Military dress and military styles have gone through great changes over the centuries from colourful and elaborate to extremely utilitarian...
worn by personnel in situations in which non-formal dress is called for. It is worn in most workday situations in which business dress would be called for. It can be worn at most public and official functions.
The green service uniform is slowly being replaced by the blue uniform.
The blue Army Service Uniform (ASU) is the "new" service uniform, and was adopted for optional wear in 2008. It was issued to new soldiers starting in the fall of 2010, and must be worn army-wide as mandatory wear after October 2015. The ASU is replacing two uniforms already in use – the "Army Green" service uniform and the "Army White" service uniform. It will be based on the current dress uniform known as the "dress blue" uniform. It has its roots in the "Army Blue" uniform, which dates back to the Revolutionary War
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...
, in which the Continental Army
Continental Army
The Continental Army was formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in...
outfitted its soldiers in blue to distinguish them from the red uniform coats of the British Army. It also recalls the Civil War Union Army
Union Army
The Union Army was the land force that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S. Army, the Northern Army and the National Army...
's blue uniforms.
Timeline
Army Service Uniform Timeline An Evolution of a uniform.- 1779: Blue Continental ArmyContinental ArmyThe Continental Army was formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in...
coat, with state facing colors, and white waistcoat and breeches or overalls. - 1782: Red facings only with branch of service white (infantry) or yellow (artillery) metal buttons.
- 1810: French uniform coat with cut-in skirt fastened in front; sleeved roundabout jacket for fatigue and field service.
- 1813: Uniform coat devoid of buttonhole lace and facing colors.
- 1821: Congressional confirmation of Army wear of National Blue; practical gray wool pantaloons for the winter mud, a tradition of contrasting shades.
- 1829: Undress frock (full round skirt) coat in place of officer's civilian clothes.
- 1832: Branch of Service cap insignia, gold or silver officer grade insignia on epauletteEpauletteEpaulette is a type of ornamental shoulder piece or decoration used as insignia of rank by armed forces and other organizations.Epaulettes are fastened to the shoulder by a shoulder strap or "passant", a small strap parallel to the shoulder seam, and the button near the collar, or by laces on the...
s and sky-blue trousers for all but staff and generals. - 1835: Shoulder straps, used to hold fringed epaulettes, with undress, officer grade.
- 1851: French frock (full skirt) coat only uniform, trimmed in system of Branch Of Service colors.
- 1854: New waist-length uniform jacket for mounted troops
- 1872: Blouse for garrisonGarrisonGarrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base....
and field, uniform coat for dress, with epaulettes for generalGeneralA general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
s. - 1881: Dark blue flannel overshirt often in place of blouse on field service.
- 1885: Sky-blue kerseyKersey (cloth)Kersey is a kind of coarse woollen cloth.It derives its name from the village of Kersey, Suffolk, having presumably originated in that region. However the cloth was made in many places. By 1475, the West Riding of Yorkshire including Calderdale was also a major producer. Kersey was a lighter...
trousers, aniline dye richer shade than original vegetable dye. - 1895: Officer's undress sack coat, with black trim; Branch Of Service insignia and national cypher "U.S." on collar,with national eagle on cap.
- 1902: Olive drab wool and khaki cotton service uniforms introduced; blue retained only for dress, full dress, mess dress, and special evening dress, trimmed with Branch of Service color.
- 1917: wearing of blue dress, full dress and mess dress uniforms suspended.
- 1928: Return of pre-war blue dress uniforms with new visor cap, optional at expense of wearer.
- 1938: Officer's blue roll-collar coat adopted, with Branch of Service-color trim and dress belt (from full dress coat).
- 1940: No blue uniform required during Emergency (end of saber).
- 1947: President Harry S. TrumanHarry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States . As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice president and the 34th Vice President of the United States , he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his...
note on lack of dress uniform and return of pre-War pattern; Evening Dress uniform cuff with single gold lace and insignia of grade. - 1953: Post-War officer and EM pattern with patch pockets; no traditional Branch of Service color trim on EM uniform and officer's trousers stripes.
- 1956: Distinctive uniform for bands and honor guardHonor guardAn honor guard, or ceremonial guard, is a ceremonial unit, usually military in nature and composed of volunteers who are carefully screened for their physical ability and dexterity...
s. - 1957: Women's Army Blue uniform same cut as 1951 Taupe-121 uniform.
- 1959: Army Blue uniforms for year-round wear.
- 1962: Women's Army Blue same as Army Green uniform, with new service hat.
- 1963: Mandatory possession of Officer's Army Blue uniform.
- 1972: Officer's mess jacket cuff ornamentation simplified to resemble that of 1947 evening dress (grade insignia replaced branch insignia; single strand of gold lace replaced multiple ones which previously showed grade)
- 2014: All of U.S. Army transition to blue service uniform.
Details
In the early days of the U.S. Army, the uniform worn in combat was the same uniform worn for everyday business. This was the common practice with most armies of the time. This changed in modern times, as the increased demands of modern combat required soldiers to wear a field uniform which was more suited for battle.During the Civil War era, army uniforms were relatively simple. Typically, the same uniform served as a garrison uniform and as a combat uniform. Combat soldiers in the Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
wore a standard dark blue coat, just like personnel in garrisons or in army offices and headquarters. In the first half of the war, many states supplied their regiments with uniforms, resulting in distinctive jackets and buttons. Rank was indicated by a shoulder strap for officers, and chevrons on the sleeves for noncommissioned officers. Branch or specialty could be indicated by the color of the enlisted badge of rank, or the background color for officers' shoulder straps. Uniform standards were relaxed during the war years, especially on campaign, and men often wore a variety of hats in the field.
The 1899 Army Uniform Regulations provided for a cotton khaki uniform for field service, drawing on the experience of the Spanish-American War when both blue and drab clothing had been worn. From 1902 to 1917 the war, the army had two uniforms: a service uniform of wool olive drab Melton cloth for use by soldiers in the field, and a blue dress uniform used for ceremonies and off-post wear by enlisted men.
Lt. Gen. Edmund B. Gregory
Edmund B. Gregory
Edmund Bristol Gregory was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army.-Early life and education:Gregory was born at Storm Lake, Iowa, on July 4, 1882....
, the Quartermaster General, pointed out in 1946 that World War One uniforms had changed from a comfortable loose-fitting garment to a tight-fitting uniform suitable only for garrison wear. At the outbreak of the war, the army had to develop new loose-fitting patterns which the men could live in, as well as muster on the parade ground. Gregory noted that this gradual change to a tight-fitting uniform in peacetime has been characteristic of the history of uniforms in all armies.
Around 1940, soldiers began to use special uniforms designed for combat or field operations, with numerous special equipment and packs. The M-1941 Field Jacket
M-1941 Field Jacket
Olive Drab Cotton Field Jacket is a field jacket used by US Army soldiers, most famously during the beginning of World War II...
was one of the first clothing items which was approved specifically for use in the field, and which was not meant to be part of a standard service uniform.
After this, service uniforms started to become more elaborate, as they were not needed to be useful in combat, and could take on a unique appearance, with new features and embellishments. Units began to display their own special patches, and badges
Badges of the United States Army
Badges of the United States Army are military decorations issued by the United States Department of the Army to soldiers who achieve a variety of qualifications and accomplishments while serving on active and reserve duty in the United States Army....
were added for various specialties.
Among the earliest unit patches ever used by the army was for the 81st Infantry Division. This unit trained at Fort Jackson
Fort Jackson
Fort Jackson can refer to several places or things:*Fort Jackson , also called Fort Toulouse, a War of 1812 fort*Fort Jackson , a frontier trading post located near present-day Ione, Colorado...
, South Carolina. They created patches showing a wildcat, so that they could identify each other quickly in combat. Some officers questioned this, but General John Pershing decided it was a good idea, so the army started to implement it for all units.
The first commendation ever used by the US Armed Forces was the original Purple Heart
Purple Heart
The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those who have been wounded or killed while serving on or after April 5, 1917 with the U.S. military. The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor is located in New Windsor, New York...
, designed personally by George Washington
George Washington
George Washington was the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of...
. It was originally a medal for valor, and at the time was the only one issued by the US Army. It fell out of use after the American Revolution, but was later revived and became the modern commendation for wounds in battle, which is how it is used today. World War One was the first time that the army began to award a variety of medals and decorations
Awards and decorations of the United States Army
Awards and decorations of the United States Army are those military decorations which are issued to members of the United States Army under the authority of the Secretary of the Army. Together with military badges such awards provide an outward display of a service member's accomplishments.The...
, except for the Medal of Honor, which was first awarded during the Civil War.
The first proficiency badges were the Combat Infantryman Badge
Combat Infantryman Badge
The Combat Infantryman Badge is the U.S. Army combat service recognition decoration awarded to soldiers—enlisted men and officers holding colonel rank or below, who personally fought in active ground combat while an assigned member of either an infantry or a Special Forces unit, of brigade size...
and the Expert Infantryman Badge
Expert Infantryman Badge
The Expert Infantryman Badge, or EIB, is a military badge of the United States Army. Although similar in name and appearance to the Combat Infantryman Badge , it is a completely different award: while the CIB is awarded for participation in ground combat, the EIB is presented for completion of a...
, which were created in 1943 by the United States Secretary of War
United States Secretary of War
The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation...
. The Combat Infantryman's Badge was originally awarded for valor in combat. In 1947, every soldier who earned it was given a Bronze Star
Bronze Star Medal
The Bronze Star Medal is a United States Armed Forces individual military decoration that may be awarded for bravery, acts of merit, or meritorious service. As a medal it is awarded for merit, and with the "V" for valor device it is awarded for heroism. It is the fourth-highest combat award of the...
, and since then, it is awarded for having participated in ground combat.
In World War II, the main service uniforms
United States Army Uniform in World War II
The United States Army in World War II used a variety of standard and non-standard dress and battle uniforms, which often changed depending upon the theater of war, climatic environment, and supply exigencies.-U.S...
were in various khaki and brown color schemes. the most commonly-worn service uniform was a four-button belted coat, with tan slacks. The great increase in various army commands and units caused a growth in variety and quantity of specialty badges and unit patches. For the first time, proficiency badges also appeared for marksmen.
Current and Recent Service Uniforms
Green Service Uniform
The main current service uniform is known as the green service uniform or "Class A's." The Army reviewed various ideas in the late 1940s in order to create a distinctive uniform. Pride in the uniform became a major issue in morale and retention, due to use of drab colors. Also, many civilian workers were mistaken for Army personnel, due to massive use of army surplus clothing after World War II.Army commissions reviewed various factors of design, durability and appearance. Blue was considered because of its acceptance in men's clothing, but it would then have been too difficult to distinguish it from air force and navy service uniforms and the marine corps and navy dress uniforms. Several colors were reviewed, and finally green (shade 44) was designated the basic color for new dress uniforms.
The green uniform has been worn with minor variations since its official adoption in 1954. The green color was adopted in order to provide a color which was more military, and distinct from various uniforms of civilian service workers.
It is scheduled to be discontinued in 2014. It features a jacket with four buttons. Enlisted soldiers wear insignia denoting their branch of service
United States Army branch insignia
Branch insignia of the United States Army refers to military emblems that may be worn on the uniform of the United States Army to denote membership in a particular area of expertise and series of functional areas...
on their collars. Officers wear two sets of insignia consisting of the letters "US" on their collars and their branch on their lapels.
Proficiency badges, such as the marksman's badge, are worn on the upper left pocket flap. Above this are the ribbons for medals and commendations which have been earned for various actions, duties and training. Above the ribbons are qualification badges, such as the paratrooper badges and combat action badge. A nametag is worn on the upper right pocket flap. Unit awards and foreign awards are worn above the pocket, with a regimental insignia above both. Special duty badges, such as the recruiter's badge, are worn on the upper two pockets of the jacket; the side on which they are worn varies by badge, and is specified by regulation.
On each shoulder of the uniform are unit patches. The left side will have the patch of the soldier's current unit assignment. The right shoulder may have the patch of a unit to which the soldier has previously been assigned while deployed to a combat zone; soldiers with multiple previous combat assignments may choose which patch to wear. Tabs indicating Ranger or Special Forces qualification, if applicable, are worn above the unit patch on the left shoulder. A similar "airborne" tab is worn immediately above the unit patch if the command is designated as majority airborne, irrespective of whether the individual soldier is qualified as a paratrooper. As the shoulder sleeve insignia generally indicates merely the general-officer command to which the soldier is assigned, the soldier's immediate battalion or intermediate-level command is indicated by distinctive unit insignia
Distinctive unit insignia
A Distinctive Unit Insignia is a metal heraldic device worn by soldiers in the United States Army. The DUI design is derived from the coat of arms authorized for a unit...
of metal and enamel, on the soldier's epaulets.
The Army Green Service Uniform ceased to be issued in the fall of 2009. Only the new Blue ASU is now being issued. The Army Green Service Uniform will be withdrawn after July 2014.
White Service Uniform
Introduced in 1902 as a summer undress uniform, its wearing, along with the dress and undress blue, was suspended during World War I and was reintroduced in its present form, along with the modern-day dress blue uniform, in 1938. In its original (1902) form the white uniform included a standing collar and white flat braid trimming the coat edges. The 1938 model substituted a white coat without braid and with an open-fronted peak lapel worn with a white shirt and black tie.
With the impending hostilities of World War II, production of both the blue and white dress uniforms were suspended, but the Army White Uniform itself served as a model for the Class "A" Army Tan Uniform, which was introduced in 1942 (replacing a belted version designed around the Sam Browne Belt
Sam Browne belt
The Sam Browne belt is a wide belt, usually leather, which is supported by a strap going diagonally over the right shoulder. It is most often seen as part of a military or police uniform.-Origins:...
) and discontinued in 1968 (the shirt & trousers "Class B" uniform was replaced with the Army Green Class "B" uniform in 1985), the post-war belt-less Army Blue Uniform, and the present-day Army Green Uniform, which replaced the World War II "Pinks & Greens" and "Ike Jacket" uniforms in 1956. Like the Army Green Uniform, the Army White Uniform features a main jacket with four buttons, worn with matching white trousers and service cap, but unlike the Army Green Uniform, no unit patches, specialty tabs, or the black beret are worn. Officers wear their silver or gold-colored rank insignia pinned onto the shoulder epaulets, while Sergeants Major wear gold-on-white rank insignia and service stripes on both sleeves as that on the Army Blue Uniform. A white dress shirt and either a black bow tie
Bow tie
The bow tie is a type of men's necktie. It consists of a ribbon of fabric tied around the collar in a symmetrical manner such that the two opposite ends form loops. Ready-tied bow ties are available, in which the distinctive bow is sewn into shape and the band around the neck incorporates a clip....
or four-in-hand necktie
Four-in-hand knot
The four-in-hand knot is a method of tying a necktie. Also known as a simple knot or schoolboy knot, the four-in-hand is believed to be the most popular method of tying ties due to its simplicity...
, for formal and semi-formal functions, is worn.
The Army White Service Uniform will be withdrawn after July 2014 .
New service uniform
History
The army currently has three service uniforms; green, blue, and white. As of Fall 2010, enlisted soldiers receive the blue service uniform as part of their basic clothing bag issue when they enter the army during initial entry training. The Army further provides active duty enlisted soldiers an annual clothing allowance to maintain proper fit and appearance of their basic clothing bag issue items. The army includes a series of stipends in this annual clothing allowance towards the replacement of the green service uniform and all basic clothing bag items. For enlisted soldiers, the blue service uniform is an optional wear item, purchased if desired, and worn on appropriate occasions. Certain honor guards and bands wear the blue service uniform in the performance of duty; enlisted soldiers assigned to such billets are issued the blue service uniform at no charge.Commissioned officers are given a one time stipend when commissioned to purchase their required uniform items. Officers then maintain proper fit and appearance of their uniform items throughout their career. The army requires officers to purchase and maintain both the green and blue service uniforms.
To streamline the number of uniforms soldiers purchase and maintain throughout their careers, the army will phase out the green and white service uniforms and retain the blue service uniform as the Army Service Uniform (ASU). Soldiers who currently have a blue service uniform can immediately begin wearing this uniform as their ASU.
The ASU was announced in 2006 by then Army Chief of Staff
Chief of Staff of the United States Army
The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army, and is the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, and as such is the principal military advisor and a deputy to the Secretary of the Army; and is in...
General
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
Peter Schoomaker
Peter Schoomaker
Peter Jan Schoomaker is a retired four-star general of the United States Army and served as the 35th Chief of Staff of the United States Army from August 1, 2003 to April 10, 2007. Schoomaker's appointment as Chief of Staff was unique in that he was recalled and came out from retirement to assume...
, and will serve as the U.S. Army's dress, garrison, and ceremonial uniform. Once the new army uniform is phased in, the only green uniforms remaining in the U.S. Armed Forces will be the Marine Corps
United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing power projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to deliver combined-arms task forces rapidly. It is one of seven uniformed services of the United States...
Service uniform, which is olive green in color.
The new Army service dress made its "debut" at the 2007 State of the Union Address
2007 State of the Union Address
The 2007 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 23, 2007, at 9:13 P.M. EST. The speech was given in front of a joint session of Congress, presided over by Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi and Vice President...
when General Schoomaker wore his Army Blue Uniform.
The new uniform uses the current "Army Blue" uniform as a model. Accordingly in terms of color the uniform will resemble the campaign uniforms worn by soldiers during the Mexican-American War, American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
, Indian Wars
Indian Wars
American Indian Wars is the name used in the United States to describe a series of conflicts between American settlers or the federal government and the native peoples of North America before and after the American Revolutionary War. The wars resulted from the arrival of European colonizers who...
, and the Spanish-American War
Spanish-American War
The Spanish–American War was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, effectively the result of American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence...
prior to the introduction of khaki uniforms in the 1890s (phased out in 1985) and olive drab (OD) uniforms in 1902 (phased out and replaced with "Army Green" between 1955 and 1957), making the blue uniform a dress uniform. Dress uniforms of dark blue tunics and light blue trousers were worn by all ranks until 1917 and reintroduced in a modernized form (with open collar and tie) for officers and warrant officers in 1937.
Description
The new army ASU will include a new coat and low waist trousers for male soldiers; and a new coat, slacks and skirt for female soldiers. The new fabric for the ASU is heavier and more wrinkle resistant than previously manufactured uniforms and will consist of 55% wool and 45% polyester material. The new ASU coat will have a tailored, athletic cut to improve uniform fit and appearance. The ASU will include a new improved heavier and wrinkle resistant short and long-sleeved white shirt with permanent military creases and shoulder loops.The army encourages soldiers and leaders who own the current Army Blue Uniform to wear it, when appropriate, as their Dress, Class "A", or Class "B" Uniform. The fielding of the new uniform policy establishes a Class "B" Uniform category for the current Army Blue Uniform as part of its bridging strategy. The Class "B" Uniform category defines those ASU items worn without the service coat.
Dress ASU
The dress blue ASU for males includes the blue coat and trousers and a long-sleeved white shirt with black tie. The dress blue ASU for females includes the blue coat, skirt, and a long-sleeved white shirt with black neck tab. Currently, females in army bands, honor guards, and female chaplains are authorized to wear army blue slacks in the performance of their duties. The black beret and service cap are authorized for wear with this uniform. Combat boots and organizational items, such as brassards, military police (MP) accessories and distinctive unit insignia (DUI) are not worn. All other accessories and insignia authorized for wear with the Class "A" service uniform are authorized for wear on the Dress Blue ASU.For evening social events
When the dress blue ASU is worn for social events in the evening (i.e. after retreat), men may wear a black bow tie rather than a black four-in-hand necktie, and commanders may direct that headgear is not required.ALARACT 202/2008 specifies that the "dress blue ASU" for men includes a "black bowtie." It makes no mention of the black four-in-hand necktie in connection with the "dress blue ASU." Since, according to paragraph 10 of the same ALARACT and paragraph 27-19a of AR 670-1, the bow tie is worn only after retreat, this text suggests that the "dress blue ASU" is not conceived of as a uniform order for the daytime, that the "dress blue ASU" for males is not an all-hours uniform including an evening variant with bow tie, and that the "Class A ASU" is the highest order of dress for daytime wear.
CLASS "A" ASU
CLASS "B" ASU
The Class "B" ASU includes the army blue trousers/skirt/slacks, a short or long sleeve white shirt. Soldiers will wear the four-in-hand necktie with the long sleeve white shirt when it is worn without the Class "A" coat. (for accessories and other items authorized for wear on the Class "B" ASU see insignias, awards, badges and accouterments worn with the Dress Blue, Class "A", and Class "B" ASU paragraphs below). Until the new ASU items are available, soldiers who have the low waist trousers with belt loops, or slacks, have the option of wearing a commercial short sleeve white shirt with shoulder loops in the open collar configuration or with a four-in-hand necktie (black neck tab for female soldiers). Soldiers have the option of wearing a commercial long sleeve white shirt with shoulder loops and a four-in-hand necktie (black neck tab for female soldiers). Soldiers who have the current commercial white shirt without shoulder loops must wear as appropriate, the black wind breaker, black pullover or black cardigan sweaters with this uniform.Soldiers who have the high waist blue trousers worn with suspenders (designed to wear with the blue mess uniform) may wear these trousers with the current ASU during this transition period. These high waist trousers must be worn with the service coat, black wind breaker, black pullover or black cardigan sweaters.
The mandatory possession date for the new ASU items is final quarter of Fiscal Year 2014.
Uniform Components
- The ASU consists of the following items:
- Coat
- Trousers, Low Waist With Belt Loops (male soldiers)
- Slacks, Low Waist (female soldiers)
- Skirt (female soldiers)
ASU accessory items authorized for wear
- Belt and buckle
- Black combat boots (Optional for wear with Class "A" and Class "B" uniforms, only for those soldiers authorized to wear the tan, green, or maroon berets, those assigned to air assault coded positions, and Military Police soldiers performing MP duties.)
- Black bow tie (Worn after retreat)
- Buttons
- Black cape (Officer only)
- Blue cape (Officer only)
- Chaplain's apparel
- Gold cuff links and studs
- Black all-weather coat
- Black leather dress gloves (Worn with black all weather coat or black wind breaker)
- White dress gloves
- Black handbag
- Black shoulder bag
- Black clutch
- Drill sergeant hat(Authorized for wear with Class "A" and Class "B" uniforms)
- Judge's apparel
- Military police accessories(Not authorized with the formal Class "A" ASU)
- Black necktie (Worn on duty)
- Neck tabs
- Black scarf (Only with black all weather coat or black windbreaker)
- White long-sleeve shirt
- White shirt-sleeve shirt
- Black shoes
- Black pumps
- Black cushioned socks(Worn with boots only)
- Black dress socks(Worn with trousers/slacks)
- Sheer stockings
- Black pullover sweater
- Black unisex Cardigan
- White undergarments
- Black umbrella(Female soldiers may carry and use an umbrella, only during inclement weather, when wearing the dress blue ASU. Umbrellas are not authorized in formations or when wearing field or utility uniforms)
- Black windbreaker (Only with Class "B" uniform)
Insignia, awards, badges and accoutrements
- Service Aiguillettes (Officers only) (Not authorized on the Class "B" ASU)
- Airborne background trimming
- Branch of service scarf (Not authorized on the enlisted formal Class "A" Service Uniform)
- Branch insignia (Not authorized on the Class "B" ASU)
- Brassards (Not authorized on the Dress Blue ASU)
- Combat Service Identification Badge (CSIB) (New item to be worn when available). The CSIB will be worn when available in place of the Shoulder Sleeve Insignia on the right sleeve of the ASU. The CSIB will be worn center on the wearer's right breast pocket of the ASU coat for male soldiers; female soldiers wear the CSIB on the right side parallel to the waistline on the ASU coat. The CSIB is ranked fifth in order of precedence below the Presidential, Vice-Presidential, Secretary of Defense and Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badges. The CSIB can also be worn on the shirt when wearing The Class "B" versions of the ASU
- Decorations and ribbons
- Distinctive items authorized for infantrymen
- Distinctive unit insignia (Enlisted only)(Authorized for wear on the Class "A" and Class "B" Uniforms only)
- Foreign badges
- Fourragere lanyards
- Gold Star label pin
- Headgear insignia
- Rank insignia
- Officer candidate and warrant officer candidate insignia.
- Nameplate
- Organizational flash
- Overseas service bars (Optional)
- Distinctive Regimental insignia (Optional)
- Service stripes (Enlisted personnel only)
- Unit awards
- U.S. badges (Identification, Marksmanship, Combat and Special Skill)
- U.S. Inisgnia (Not authorized on the Class "B" ASU)
Headgear authorized for wear with the ASU
- Black, maroon, tan, or green beret.
- Service cap (Male/Female; corporals and above)
Miscellaneous
- Officer and enlisted soldiers in the grade of corporal and above will wear trousers with a gold braid sewn on the outside of seam of each trouser leg of the new blue ASU. The braid will be sewn from the bottom of the waistband to the bottom of the trouser leg (Soldiers assigned to the Old Guard are authorized the gold braid regardless of grade).
- On the new ASU, service stripes are authorized for wear on the left sleeve for Enlisted soldiers and Overseas Service Bar(s) (also known as "Hershey Bars") on the right sleeve for both officers and enlisted soldiers. The service stripes and Overseas Service Bars are similar in size to the ones currently worn on the Army Green Uniform. The new service stripes and Overseas Service Bars will be gold in color and trimmed in blue to match the ASU. During the transition to the new ASU, the traditional larger Service Stripes on the optional White and Blue (short jacket) Mess Dress Uniform will be maintained.
- For those soldiers who have purchased the current (old) blue uniform, this uniform will remain authorized for wear until the mandatory possession date for the new ASU, final quarter Of Fiscal Year 2014.
- Soldiers who have the current (old) blue uniform are not required to remove the existing large service stripes.
- Privates through specialists who now own the current blue trousers are not required to remove the existing gold braid on their trouser legs.
- Soldiers who purchase the new ASU are required to comply with all wear policies. The intent of this bridging strategy is to allow for maximum wear of the existing uniforms and establish policy for their replacement. During this transformation period there will be soldiers in mixed uniforms. The army is in transformation.
- Beginning in last quarter Fiscal Year 2009, soldiers have the option to take their official photo in the ASU. This is strictly optional on the soldiers' part. Soldiers can still continue to take their official photo in the Army Green Service Uniform until the last quarter of Fiscal Year 2014. During this transition period, official photos can be in either the Army Green Service Uniform or the Blue ASU.
- The wear out date for the Army Green Service Uniform with accessories is the 4th quarter of Fiscal Year 2014.
- All new insignia worn on the ASU will be designed and developed by the United States Army Institute of HeraldryUnited States Army Institute of HeraldryThe United States Army Institute of Heraldry furnishes heraldic services to the Armed Forces and other United States government organizations, including the Executive Office of the President...
.
External links
- Army Service Uniform Website
- Army page
- Army Clothing History articles from the Quartermaster Foundation