Arne Tiselius
Encyclopedia
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (10 August 1902 – 29 October 1971) was a Swedish
biochemist
who won the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry
in 1948.
. Following the death of his father, the family moved to Gothenburg
where he went to school, and after graduation at the local "Realgymnasium" in 1921, he studied at the University of Uppsala
, specializing in chemistry
. He became research assistant in The Svedberg's
laboratory in 1925 and obtained his doctor's degree in 1930 on the moving-boundary method of studying the electrophoresis
of proteins. From then to 1935 he published a number of papers on diffusion
and adsorption
in naturally occurring base-exchanging zeolites, and these studies were continued during a year's visit to H.S. Taylor
's laboratory in Princeton
with support of a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship. On his return to Uppsala he resumed his interest in proteins, and the application of physical methods to biochemical problems. This led to a much-improved method of electrophoretic analysis which he refined in subsequent years.
Tiselius took an active part in the reorganization of scientific research in Sweden in the years following World War II
, and was President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1951-1955.
He was married, with two children. He died of a heart attack 29 October 1971 in Uppsala
.
The lunar crater Tiselius
was named in his honour.
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
biochemist
Biochemist
Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. Typical biochemists study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. The prefix of "bio" in "biochemist" can be understood as a fusion of "biological chemist."-Role:...
who won the Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
in Chemistry
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...
in 1948.
Biography
Tiselius was born in StockholmStockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
. Following the death of his father, the family moved to Gothenburg
Gothenburg
Gothenburg is the second-largest city in Sweden and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated on the west coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 519,399, with 549,839 in the urban area and total of 937,015 inhabitants in the metropolitan area...
where he went to school, and after graduation at the local "Realgymnasium" in 1921, he studied at the University of Uppsala
Uppsala University
Uppsala University is a research university in Uppsala, Sweden, and is the oldest university in Scandinavia, founded in 1477. It consistently ranks among the best universities in Northern Europe in international rankings and is generally considered one of the most prestigious institutions of...
, specializing in chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
. He became research assistant in The Svedberg's
Theodor Svedberg
Theodor H. E. Svedberg was a Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate, active at Uppsala University. His work with colloids supported the theories of Brownian motion put forward by Einstein and the Polish geophysicist Marian Smoluchowski...
laboratory in 1925 and obtained his doctor's degree in 1930 on the moving-boundary method of studying the electrophoresis
Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis, also called cataphoresis, is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. This electrokinetic phenomenon was observed for the first time in 1807 by Reuss , who noticed that the application of a constant electric...
of proteins. From then to 1935 he published a number of papers on diffusion
Diffusion
Molecular diffusion, often called simply diffusion, is the thermal motion of all particles at temperatures above absolute zero. The rate of this movement is a function of temperature, viscosity of the fluid and the size of the particles...
and adsorption
Adsorption
Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions, biomolecules or molecules of gas, liquid, or dissolved solids to a surface. This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. It differs from absorption, in which a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid...
in naturally occurring base-exchanging zeolites, and these studies were continued during a year's visit to H.S. Taylor
Hugh Stott Taylor
Hugh Stott Taylor was an English chemist primarily interested in catalysis. In 1928, in a landmark contribution to catalytic theory, Taylor suggested that a catalyzed chemical reaction is not catalyzed over the entire solid surface of the catalyst but only at certain ‘active sites’ or centers.He...
's laboratory in Princeton
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....
with support of a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship. On his return to Uppsala he resumed his interest in proteins, and the application of physical methods to biochemical problems. This led to a much-improved method of electrophoretic analysis which he refined in subsequent years.
Tiselius took an active part in the reorganization of scientific research in Sweden in the years following World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, and was President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1951-1955.
He was married, with two children. He died of a heart attack 29 October 1971 in Uppsala
Uppsala
- Economy :Today Uppsala is well established in medical research and recognized for its leading position in biotechnology.*Abbott Medical Optics *GE Healthcare*Pfizer *Phadia, an offshoot of Pharmacia*Fresenius*Q-Med...
.
The lunar crater Tiselius
Tiselius (crater)
Tiselius is a lunar impact crater that lies just to the east of Valier, on the Moon's far side. The craters Tiselius and Valier are separated by only a few kilometers...
was named in his honour.
External links
- Nobel Lecture Electrophoresis and Adsorption Analysis as Aids in Investigations of Large Molecular Weight Substances and Their Breakdown Products from Nobelprize.org website
- Biography Biography from Nobelprize.org website