Arogno
Encyclopedia
Arogno is a municipality
in the district of Lugano
in the canton
of Ticino
, located south of Lake Lugano
in the southernmost tip of Switzerland
.
. During the Langobardian
era, Arogno expanded into a major fortified garrison. In 859 the monastery of S. Ambrogio in Milan
was listed as the owner of property in Arogno. On 24 February 1798, the village joined the Republic of Riva San Vitale. Starting in 1797-98 there were repeated territorial conflict with Campione d'Italia, which were not settled until 1861.
The parish church of S. Stefano (originally S. Nicolao) is first mentioned in 810. In 1581 it broke from the Mother Church
of Riva San Vitale
to form a parish
. Between 1591 and the late 17th Century the Ursulines
had a house in Arogno. East of the village is the romanesque
Chapel of S. Michael, which was rebuilt in the Baroque
style.
The local economy depended on agriculture and animal husbandry, as well as revenue from successful emigrants (mostly working in construction). For a short time, there was a small coal mining industry in the municipality. In 1873 and 1888, two factories for the manufacture of components for watches, opened in Arogno. For decades these were the major industries in the municipality. Today, much of the population works in the services sector or commutes to neighboring cities.
Arogno has an area, , of 8.5 square kilometres (3.3 sq mi). Of this area, 1.03 km² (0.397685223350311 sq mi) or 12.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 7.18 km² (2.8 sq mi) or 84.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.46 km² (0.177606992952566 sq mi) or 5.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.07 km² (17.3 acre) or 0.8% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 79.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.6% is used for growing crops and 3.3% is used for alpine pastures. Of the unproductive areas, and .
The municipality is located in the Lugano district, on a high plateau in the Val Mara, about 2 km (1.2 mi) from the Italian
border near the enclave of Campione. It consists of the village of Arogno and many hamlets
including Pugerna.
of the municipal coat of arms
is Or a he-goat's head caboshed sable and in chief a mullet of five gules.
Most of the population speaks Italian
(85.2%), with German
being second most common (9.8%) and French
being third (2.1%). Of the Swiss national languages , 95 speak German, 20 people speak French, 826 people speak Italian, and 1 person speaks Romansh. The remainder (27 people) speak another language.
, the gender distribution of the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. The population was made up of 413 Swiss men (41.5% of the population), and 68 (6.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 458 Swiss women (46.1%), and 55 (5.5%) non-Swiss women.
In there were 11 live births to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 9 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 2 while the foreign population remained the same. There were 3 non-Swiss men and 1 non-Swiss woman who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 0 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 4 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.4%.
The age distribution, , in Arogno is; 106 children or 10.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 125 teenagers or 12.6% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 75 people or 7.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 124 people or 12.5% are between 30 and 39, 165 people or 16.6% are between 40 and 49, and 135 people or 13.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 106 people or 10.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 91 people or 9.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 67 people or 6.7% who are over 80.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.54 which is less people per room than the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 55% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 411 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. there were 270 single family homes (or 67.2% of the total) out of a total of 402 inhabited buildings. There were 76 two family buildings (18.9%) and 28 multi-family buildings (7.0%). There were also 28 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).
The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.04%. there were 546 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 5 room apartment of which there were 175. There were 14 single room apartments and 175 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 407 apartments (74.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 112 apartments (20.5%) were seasonally occupied and 27 apartments (4.9%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following table:
of S. Stefano is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance
. The entire village of Arogno is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
.
the most popular party was the FDP
which received 30.51% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP
(25.26%), the Ticino League
(18.49%) and the CVP
(10.93%). In the federal election, a total of 342 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
was 49.1%.
In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 661 registered voters in Arogno, of which 422 or 63.8% voted. 8 blank ballots and 3 null ballots were cast, leaving 411 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT
which received 104 or 25.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS
(with 88 or 21.4%), the LEGA
(with 78 or 19.0%) and the SSI (with 68 or 16.5%).
In the Consiglio di Stato election, 4 blank ballots and 3 null ballots were cast, leaving 415 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the LEGA which received 105 or 25.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 98 or 23.6%), the PLRT (with 98 or 23.6%) and the SSI (with 67 or 16.1%).
, there were 129 workers who commuted into the municipality and 290 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 32.6% of the workforce coming into Arogno are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 6.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 67% used a private car.
, there were 2 hotels in Arogno.
. There are 119 individuals (or about 12.28% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 38 individuals (or about 3.92% of the population) did not answer the question.
).
In Arogno there were a total of 193 students . The Ticino education system
provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
and in Arogno there were 28 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 51 students attended the standard primary schools and 2 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There were 60 students in the two year middle school, while 27 students were in the four year advanced program.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 10 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 14 who attend part-time.
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There was 1 student in the professional program.
, there were 1 student in Arogno who came from another municipality, while 79 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the district of Lugano
Lugano (district)
The district of Lugano is a district of Canton Ticino, Switzerland. It has a population of .-Geography:The Lugano District has an area, , of . Of this area, or 15.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 66.5% is forested...
in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Ticino
Ticino
Canton Ticino or Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Named after the Ticino river, it is the only canton in which Italian is the sole official language...
, located south of Lake Lugano
Lake Lugano
Lake Lugano is a glacial lake in the south-east of Switzerland, at the border between Switzerland and Italy. The lake, named after the city of Lugano, is situated between Lake Como and Lago Maggiore...
in the southernmost tip of Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
History
Arogno has been inhabited since late antiquity, because of its strategic location along the transit route between Seprio and Isola ComacinaIsola Comacina
Isola Comacina is a small wooded island of Italy’s Lake Como, administratively a part of the commune of Ossuccio. It is located close to the western shore of the Como arm of the lake in front of a gulf known as Zoca de l'oli, a dialectal name referring to the local small-scale production of olive...
. During the Langobardian
Lombards
The Lombards , also referred to as Longobards, were a Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin, who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy...
era, Arogno expanded into a major fortified garrison. In 859 the monastery of S. Ambrogio in Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
was listed as the owner of property in Arogno. On 24 February 1798, the village joined the Republic of Riva San Vitale. Starting in 1797-98 there were repeated territorial conflict with Campione d'Italia, which were not settled until 1861.
The parish church of S. Stefano (originally S. Nicolao) is first mentioned in 810. In 1581 it broke from the Mother Church
Mother Church
In Christianity, the term mother church or Mother Church may have one of the following meanings:# The first mission church in an area, or a pioneer cathedral# A basilica or cathedral# The main chapel of a province of a religious order...
of Riva San Vitale
Riva San Vitale
Riva San Vitale is a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, located in the district of Mendrisio.Riva San Vitale is also the home of the Virginia Tech Center for European Studies and Architecture , the European campus center and base of operations for the regional activities of...
to form a parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
. Between 1591 and the late 17th Century the Ursulines
Ursulines
The Ursulines are a Roman Catholic religious order for women founded at Brescia, Italy, by Saint Angela de Merici in November 1535, primarily for the education of girls and the care of the sick and needy. Their patron saint is Saint Ursula.-History:St Angela de Merici spent 17 years leading a...
had a house in Arogno. East of the village is the romanesque
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
Chapel of S. Michael, which was rebuilt in the Baroque
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...
style.
The local economy depended on agriculture and animal husbandry, as well as revenue from successful emigrants (mostly working in construction). For a short time, there was a small coal mining industry in the municipality. In 1873 and 1888, two factories for the manufacture of components for watches, opened in Arogno. For decades these were the major industries in the municipality. Today, much of the population works in the services sector or commutes to neighboring cities.
Geography
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 79.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.6% is used for growing crops and 3.3% is used for alpine pastures. Of the unproductive areas, and .
The municipality is located in the Lugano district, on a high plateau in the Val Mara, about 2 km (1.2 mi) from the Italian
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
border near the enclave of Campione. It consists of the village of Arogno and many hamlets
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
including Pugerna.
Coat of arms
The blazonBlazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
is Or a he-goat's head caboshed sable and in chief a mullet of five gules.
Demographics
Arogno has a population of . , 12.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 10.5%.Most of the population speaks Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
(85.2%), with German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
being second most common (9.8%) and French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
being third (2.1%). Of the Swiss national languages , 95 speak German, 20 people speak French, 826 people speak Italian, and 1 person speaks Romansh. The remainder (27 people) speak another language.
, the gender distribution of the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. The population was made up of 413 Swiss men (41.5% of the population), and 68 (6.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 458 Swiss women (46.1%), and 55 (5.5%) non-Swiss women.
In there were 11 live births to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 9 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 2 while the foreign population remained the same. There were 3 non-Swiss men and 1 non-Swiss woman who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 0 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 4 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.4%.
The age distribution, , in Arogno is; 106 children or 10.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 125 teenagers or 12.6% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 75 people or 7.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 124 people or 12.5% are between 30 and 39, 165 people or 16.6% are between 40 and 49, and 135 people or 13.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 106 people or 10.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 91 people or 9.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 67 people or 6.7% who are over 80.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.54 which is less people per room than the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 55% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 411 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. there were 270 single family homes (or 67.2% of the total) out of a total of 402 inhabited buildings. There were 76 two family buildings (18.9%) and 28 multi-family buildings (7.0%). There were also 28 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).
The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.04%. there were 546 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 5 room apartment of which there were 175. There were 14 single room apartments and 175 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 407 apartments (74.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 112 apartments (20.5%) were seasonally occupied and 27 apartments (4.9%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1591 | c. 380 |
| 1670 | 478 |
| 1850 | 756 |
| 1900 | 1,075 |
| 1950 | 820 |
| 2000 | 969 |
Heritage sites of national significance
The Parish ChurchParish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
of S. Stefano is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance
Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
. The entire village of Arogno is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
The Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.-Sites of national importance:-Types:...
.
Politics
In the 2007 federal electionSwiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the FDP
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....
which received 30.51% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(25.26%), the Ticino League
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...
(18.49%) and the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(10.93%). In the federal election, a total of 342 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...
was 49.1%.
In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 661 registered voters in Arogno, of which 422 or 63.8% voted. 8 blank ballots and 3 null ballots were cast, leaving 411 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....
which received 104 or 25.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(with 88 or 21.4%), the LEGA
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...
(with 78 or 19.0%) and the SSI (with 68 or 16.5%).
In the Consiglio di Stato election, 4 blank ballots and 3 null ballots were cast, leaving 415 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the LEGA which received 105 or 25.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 98 or 23.6%), the PLRT (with 98 or 23.6%) and the SSI (with 67 or 16.1%).
Economy
, Arogno had an unemployment rate of 1.53%. , there were 26 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 13 businesses involved in this sector. 17 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 6 businesses in this sector. 127 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 27 businesses in this sector. There were 406 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.7% of the workforce., there were 129 workers who commuted into the municipality and 290 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 32.6% of the workforce coming into Arogno are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 6.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 67% used a private car.
, there were 2 hotels in Arogno.
Religion
From the , 724 or 74.7% were Roman Catholic, while 88 or 9.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed ChurchSwiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
. There are 119 individuals (or about 12.28% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 38 individuals (or about 3.92% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Arogno about 73.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a FachhochschuleFachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
).
In Arogno there were a total of 193 students . The Ticino education system
Education in Switzerland
The education system in Switzerland is very diverse, because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system mainly to the cantons...
provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
and in Arogno there were 28 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 51 students attended the standard primary schools and 2 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There were 60 students in the two year middle school, while 27 students were in the four year advanced program.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 10 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 14 who attend part-time.
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There was 1 student in the professional program.
, there were 1 student in Arogno who came from another municipality, while 79 residents attended schools outside the municipality.