Arthur James Turner
Encyclopedia
Arthur James Turner, CBE
, MA, D.Sc, FTI, (1889 – October 1971) was a British scientist who worked in the field of textile technology. He was the first director of the Technological Laboratory created by the Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC) in Bombay
in 1924. He was awarded the Warner Memorial Medal by the Textile Institute in 1931 in recognition of outstanding work in textile science and technology and was appointed to the CBE in 1950.
and of London University
, where he obtained a first class Bachelor degree, whose first research was done under Sir William Pope. In 1912, he joined the staff of the National Physical Laboratory
, London
, to pursue research on aircraft and airship materials and was appointed Head of the Fabrics Research Section of the Royal Aircraft Factory
. Immediately after World War I
, the Manchester College of Technology offered him the newly established chair
of textile technology, which he held until 1923.
Turner went to India, by the end of 1923, to become director of research for the Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC), to train the Indian staff members and to organize a comprehensive research programme at the newly started Technological Laboratory in Bombay
(now the Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCOT)), which was inaugurated by the then Governor General of India, Rufus Isaacs, the Earl of Reading
. Turner worked on several new projects studying Indian cottons, including the American hirsutum cottons that were being tried by the officers of the East India Cotton Association. He streamlined the entire cotton research programmes, co-ordinated the scientists and the Bombay cotton mill
s, who were the ultimate users of the cotton crop. The best varieties of cotton once recognized, were to be exported to the United Kingdom
. The Research papers entitled, "The Foundation of yarn strength", was culminated in many parts, is the best documented series of articles, compiled and edited by him. This work, has been published in The Journal of Textile Institute. He was responsible for many of the technological reports, that flowed from the laboratory and published in the Shirley Institute Memoirs by the Shirley Institute
, Didsbury
, Manchester
. While he was in India, he was ably assisted by R. P. Richardson, the spinning master. After working for six years in India, he was appointed as the head of the Spinning Department at the Shirley Institute, Manchester, and as head of the British Cotton Industries Research Association BCIRA in 1931. He was offered the post of director of research at the Linen Industry Research Association, Lambeg
, Lisburn
, in Northern Ireland
in 1940 and spent his last 16 years of service there, raising its profile to become accepted as the research centre of the whole linen industry and trade. He retired in March 1956, aged 67.
Turner was a member of the Textile Institute, Manchester, from 1919 and was awarded the Warner Memorial Medal by the Institute in 1931 in recognition of his contributions to textile science and technology. He was elected as a Fellow of the Textile Institute in 1940 and became President in 1952, a post that he held for two years. He served on numerous Government committees and was honoured with an honorary associateship of the Manchester College of Technology in 1951 and various offices of the Worshipful Company of Weavers. He was appointed CBE in 1950.
He died in October 1971 at the age of 82.
Order of the British Empire
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, MA, D.Sc, FTI, (1889 – October 1971) was a British scientist who worked in the field of textile technology. He was the first director of the Technological Laboratory created by the Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC) in Bombay
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
in 1924. He was awarded the Warner Memorial Medal by the Textile Institute in 1931 in recognition of outstanding work in textile science and technology and was appointed to the CBE in 1950.
Education and career
Turner was a scholar of Gonville and Caius College, CambridgeGonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college is often referred to simply as "Caius" , after its second founder, John Keys, who fashionably latinised the spelling of his name after studying in Italy.- Outline :Gonville and...
and of London University
University of London
-20th century:Shortly after 6 Burlington Gardens was vacated, the University went through a period of rapid expansion. Bedford College, Royal Holloway and the London School of Economics all joined in 1900, Regent's Park College, which had affiliated in 1841 became an official divinity school of the...
, where he obtained a first class Bachelor degree, whose first research was done under Sir William Pope. In 1912, he joined the staff of the National Physical Laboratory
National Physical Laboratory, UK
The National Physical Laboratory is the national measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington, London, England. It is the largest applied physics organisation in the UK.-Description:...
, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, to pursue research on aircraft and airship materials and was appointed Head of the Fabrics Research Section of the Royal Aircraft Factory
Royal Aircraft Establishment
The Royal Aircraft Establishment , was a British research establishment, known by several different names during its history, that eventually came under the aegis of the UK Ministry of Defence , before finally losing its identity in mergers with other institutions.The first site was at Farnborough...
. Immediately after World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, the Manchester College of Technology offered him the newly established chair
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of textile technology, which he held until 1923.
Turner went to India, by the end of 1923, to become director of research for the Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC), to train the Indian staff members and to organize a comprehensive research programme at the newly started Technological Laboratory in Bombay
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
(now the Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCOT)), which was inaugurated by the then Governor General of India, Rufus Isaacs, the Earl of Reading
Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading
Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, PC, KC , was an English lawyer, jurist and politician...
. Turner worked on several new projects studying Indian cottons, including the American hirsutum cottons that were being tried by the officers of the East India Cotton Association. He streamlined the entire cotton research programmes, co-ordinated the scientists and the Bombay cotton mill
Cotton mill
A cotton mill is a factory that houses spinning and weaving machinery. Typically built between 1775 and 1930, mills spun cotton which was an important product during the Industrial Revolution....
s, who were the ultimate users of the cotton crop. The best varieties of cotton once recognized, were to be exported to the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
. The Research papers entitled, "The Foundation of yarn strength", was culminated in many parts, is the best documented series of articles, compiled and edited by him. This work, has been published in The Journal of Textile Institute. He was responsible for many of the technological reports, that flowed from the laboratory and published in the Shirley Institute Memoirs by the Shirley Institute
Shirley Institute
The Shirley Institute was established in 1920 as the British Cotton Industry Research Association at The Towers in Didsbury, Manchester as a research centre dedicated to cotton production technologies...
, Didsbury
Didsbury
Didsbury is a suburban area of the City of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Mersey, south of Manchester city centre, in the southern half of the Greater Manchester Urban Area...
, Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
. While he was in India, he was ably assisted by R. P. Richardson, the spinning master. After working for six years in India, he was appointed as the head of the Spinning Department at the Shirley Institute, Manchester, and as head of the British Cotton Industries Research Association BCIRA in 1931. He was offered the post of director of research at the Linen Industry Research Association, Lambeg
Lambeg
Lambeg can refer to:* Lambeg drum* Lambeg, County Antrim* Lambeg railway station...
, Lisburn
Lisburn
DemographicsLisburn Urban Area is within Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area and is classified as a Large Town by the . On census day there were 71,465 people living in Lisburn...
, in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...
in 1940 and spent his last 16 years of service there, raising its profile to become accepted as the research centre of the whole linen industry and trade. He retired in March 1956, aged 67.
Turner was a member of the Textile Institute, Manchester, from 1919 and was awarded the Warner Memorial Medal by the Institute in 1931 in recognition of his contributions to textile science and technology. He was elected as a Fellow of the Textile Institute in 1940 and became President in 1952, a post that he held for two years. He served on numerous Government committees and was honoured with an honorary associateship of the Manchester College of Technology in 1951 and various offices of the Worshipful Company of Weavers. He was appointed CBE in 1950.
He died in October 1971 at the age of 82.
Service
- 1. Council of Textile Institute, for 1941-1948.
- 2. Vice-President, from 1949-1952.
- 3. Diplomas’ Award Committee, for 24 years.
- 4. Journal Publication Committee, for 15 years.
- 5. UTMC, for 19 years.
- 6. At Northern Ireland, from 1940-1956.
- 7. In 1950 Awarded, CBECBECBE and C.B.E. are abbreviations for "Commander of the Order of the British Empire", a grade in the Order of the British Empire.Other uses include:* Chemical and Biochemical Engineering...
. - 8. Visited Bombay Textile Research Association BTRA, as a consultant in 1958.
Sources
- 1. Journal of The Textile Institute (JTI), Manchester - Proceedings.
- 2.
- 3.