Arthur Kollmann
Encyclopedia
Arthur Kollmann
was a German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 medical researcher from Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...

 who studied fingerprint characteristics, of friction ridge
Fingerprint
A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. In a wider use of the term, fingerprints are the traces of an impression from the friction ridges of any part of a human hand. A print from the foot can also leave an impression of friction ridges...

s and volar pads.

In the 1880s (1883, 1885), Kollmann was the first researcher to address the formation of friction ridges on the fetus
Fetus
A fetus is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate after the embryonic stage and before birth.In humans, the fetal stage of prenatal development starts at the beginning of the 11th week in gestational age, which is the 9th week after fertilization.-Etymology and spelling variations:The...

 and the random physical stresses and tensions which may have played a part in their growth.

Kollmann may have been the first researcher to study the development of friction ridges. He grouped the volar pads of humans and also grouped the volar pads of many primates. Kollmann is credited with establishing and then naming ten volar pads in humans, and he was the first to study epidermic markings in different races. Alfred R. Hale described Kollmann as the first researcher (1883) to suggest that mechanical stresses inherent in fetal growth may influence the ultimate dermatoglyphic configuration.

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