Arthur Middleton Manigault
Encyclopedia
Arthur Middleton Manigault (October 26, 1824 – August 17, 1886) was a brigadier general
in the Confederate States Army
during the American Civil War
.
in 1824. His parents were Joseph and Charlotte Manigault. His great-great-grandfather was Pierre Manigault http://www.familysearch.org/eng/default.asp (1664–1729), a French
Huguenot
who was born in La Rochelle, France and settled in Charleston. His mother was both the daughter of Charles Drayton, a South Carolina Lt. Governor, and the granddaughter of Henry Middleton
, the second President
of the First Continental Congress
. Her uncle, Arthur Middleton
, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
Manigault attended the College of Charleston
, although he abandoned his studies to pursue an interest in business. During the Mexican-American War, he served in the United States Army
as a first lieutenant with the Palmetto Regiment. From 1847 to 1856, he was a businessman in Charleston. He married Mary Proctor Huger on April 18, 1850, and they had five children together. In 1856, he inherited a rice plantation in Georgetown County, South Carolina and moved there.
. He was a colonel of the 10th South Carolina Regiment, and helped construct the batteries for the defense of Winyah Bay
in Georgetown County. In March 1862, he was ordered to dismantle the coastal batteries and to ship the guns to Charleston. In April 1862, he was commanded to take his troops and report to General P. G. T. Beauregard
with the Army of Mississippi
.
In northern Mississippi, Manigault saw action during the Siege of Corinth
. Afterward, he served with the reorganized Army of Tennessee
and saw action at the Battles of Stone's River and of Chickamauga.
He was present during the Battle of Missionary Ridge. During the late spring and summer of 1864, he participated in the Atlanta Campaign.
On April 26, 1863, he was promoted to brigadier general. During the war, he was wounded twice: first in Georgia at the Battle of Resaca
in May 1864, and then at the Second Battle of Franklin
during November 1864. His second injury prevented his return to active service.
Brigadier general (United States)
A brigadier general in the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, is a one-star general officer, with the pay grade of O-7. Brigadier general ranks above a colonel and below major general. Brigadier general is equivalent to the rank of rear admiral in the other uniformed...
in the Confederate States Army
Confederate States Army
The Confederate States Army was the army of the Confederate States of America while the Confederacy existed during the American Civil War. On February 8, 1861, delegates from the seven Deep South states which had already declared their secession from the United States of America adopted the...
during the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
.
Early life and career
Manigault was born in Charleston, South CarolinaCharleston, South Carolina
Charleston is the second largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It was made the county seat of Charleston County in 1901 when Charleston County was founded. The city's original name was Charles Towne in 1670, and it moved to its present location from a location on the west bank of the...
in 1824. His parents were Joseph and Charlotte Manigault. His great-great-grandfather was Pierre Manigault http://www.familysearch.org/eng/default.asp (1664–1729), a French
French people
The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
Huguenot
Huguenot
The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th centuries. Since the 17th century, people who formerly would have been called Huguenots have instead simply been called French Protestants, a title suggested by their German co-religionists, the...
who was born in La Rochelle, France and settled in Charleston. His mother was both the daughter of Charles Drayton, a South Carolina Lt. Governor, and the granddaughter of Henry Middleton
Henry Middleton
Henry Middleton was a plantation owner and public official from South Carolina. He was the second President of the Continental Congress from October 22, 1774, until Peyton Randolph was able to resume his duties briefly beginning on May 10, 1775.-Early life:Henry Middleton was born in 1717 near...
, the second President
President of the Continental Congress
The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first national government of the United States during the American Revolution...
of the First Continental Congress
First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to the passage of the Coercive Acts by the...
. Her uncle, Arthur Middleton
Arthur Middleton
Arthur Middleton , of Charleston, South Carolina, was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence....
, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
United States Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. John Adams put forth a...
Manigault attended the College of Charleston
College of Charleston
The College of Charleston is a public, sea-grant and space-grant university located in historic downtown Charleston, South Carolina, United States...
, although he abandoned his studies to pursue an interest in business. During the Mexican-American War, he served in the United States Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
as a first lieutenant with the Palmetto Regiment. From 1847 to 1856, he was a businessman in Charleston. He married Mary Proctor Huger on April 18, 1850, and they had five children together. In 1856, he inherited a rice plantation in Georgetown County, South Carolina and moved there.
Civil War
With the outbreak of the Civil War, Manigault participated in the Battle of Fort SumterBattle of Fort Sumter
The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter, near Charleston, South Carolina, that started the American Civil War. Following declarations of secession by seven Southern states, South Carolina demanded that the U.S. Army abandon its facilities in Charleston Harbor. On...
. He was a colonel of the 10th South Carolina Regiment, and helped construct the batteries for the defense of Winyah Bay
Winyah Bay
Winyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River and the Sampit River in Georgetown County in eastern South Carolina...
in Georgetown County. In March 1862, he was ordered to dismantle the coastal batteries and to ship the guns to Charleston. In April 1862, he was commanded to take his troops and report to General P. G. T. Beauregard
P. G. T. Beauregard
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard was a Louisiana-born American military officer, politician, inventor, writer, civil servant, and the first prominent general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Today he is commonly referred to as P. G. T. Beauregard, but he rarely used...
with the Army of Mississippi
Army of Mississippi
There were three organizations known as the Army of Mississippi in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. -Army of Mississippi :This army, at times known by the names Army of the West or Army of the...
.
In northern Mississippi, Manigault saw action during the Siege of Corinth
Siege of Corinth
The Siege of Corinth was an American Civil War battle fought from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi.-Background:...
. Afterward, he served with the reorganized Army of Tennessee
Army of Tennessee
The Army of Tennessee was the principal Confederate army operating between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River during the American Civil War. It was formed in late 1862 and fought until the end of the war in 1865, participating in most of the significant battles in the Western Theater...
and saw action at the Battles of Stone's River and of Chickamauga.
Battle of Chickamauga
The Battle of Chickamauga, fought September 19–20, 1863, marked the end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia called the Chickamauga Campaign...
He was present during the Battle of Missionary Ridge. During the late spring and summer of 1864, he participated in the Atlanta Campaign.
Atlanta Campaign
The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864. Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman invaded Georgia from the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tennessee, beginning in May...
On April 26, 1863, he was promoted to brigadier general. During the war, he was wounded twice: first in Georgia at the Battle of Resaca
Battle of Resaca
The Battle of Resaca was part of the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. The battle was waged in both Gordon and Whitfield counties, Georgia, from May 13 - 15, 1864. It ended inconclusively with the Confederate Army retreating. The engagement was fought between the Military Division of the...
in May 1864, and then at the Second Battle of Franklin
Battle of Franklin II
The Battle of Franklin was fought on November 30, 1864, at Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducted...
during November 1864. His second injury prevented his return to active service.
Postbellum activities
After the war, Manigault returned to manage his rice plantation in South Carolina. From 1880 to 1886, he served as the Adjutant and Inspector General of South Carolina. He died in Georgetown County, South Carolina in 1886 and is buried in the Magnolia Cemetery in Charleston.See also
- List of American Civil War generals
- Stones River Confederate order of battleStones River Confederate order of battleThe following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Stones River. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign, the casualty returns and the reports....
- Chickamauga Confederate order of battleChickamauga Confederate order of battleThe following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Chickamauga of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately.-Military rank:* Gen = General* LTG = Lieutenant General* MG = Major General...
- Franklin II Confederate order of battleFranklin II Confederate order of battleThe following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Franklin . The Union order of battle is shown separately.-Military rank:* Gen = General* LTG = Lieutenant General* MG = Major General...
- List of Huguenots