Artificial Intelligence System
Encyclopedia
Artificial Intelligence System (AIS) was a distributed computing
project undertaken by Intelligence Realm, Inc. with the long-term goal of simulating the human brain in real time, complete with artificial consciousness
and artificial general intelligence. They claimed to have found, in research, the “mechanisms of knowledge representation in the brain which is equivalent to finding artificial intelligence”, before moving into the developmental phase.
. Izhikevich simulated 1 second of activity of 100 billion neurons (the estimated number of neurons in the human brain) in 50 days using a cluster
of 27 3-gigahertz processors. He extrapolated that a real-time simulation of the brain could not be achieved before 2016. The project aimed to disprove this prediction.
On July 12, 2008, AIS announced that the first phase of the project had been completed by reaching the 100 billion neuron mark. The project then continued to simulate neurons while they completed the development of the other applications.
AIS simulated the brain via an artificial neural network
, and used Hodgkin-Huxley model
s. The project utilized the BOINC distributed computing platform. In version 1.08 of the software each work unit received by a volunteer simulated 500,000 neuron
s for 100 milliseconds at 5 millisecond time steps (the estimated firing rate of a human neuron).
The application had four primary modules—for creating neurons, simulating neurons, visualizing neurons, and finally, knowledge acquisition. Intention was that the neuronal generator would eventually use genetic algorithms to generate neurons for simulation. The neuron simulator used mathematical models to simulate those neurons. Initially Hodgkin-Huxley model
s were used, but more models (perhaps hundreds) were intended to be utilized in the future. The visualization software was to allow the administrators to monitor and control the neuronal simulators. The knowledge acquisition module involved feeding information to the system and training it to build its knowledge base.
The AIS project had successfully simulated over 700 billion neurons by April 2009.
The project was closed in November 2010 as the BOINC program of the project did not work.
Distributed computing
Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. A distributed system consists of multiple autonomous computers that communicate through a computer network. The computers interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal...
project undertaken by Intelligence Realm, Inc. with the long-term goal of simulating the human brain in real time, complete with artificial consciousness
Artificial consciousness
Artificial consciousness , also known as machine consciousness or synthetic consciousness, is a field related to artificial intelligence and cognitive robotics whose aim is to define that which would have to be synthesized were consciousness to be found in an engineered artifact .Neuroscience...
and artificial general intelligence. They claimed to have found, in research, the “mechanisms of knowledge representation in the brain which is equivalent to finding artificial intelligence”, before moving into the developmental phase.
Science
The project's initial goal was recreating the largest brain simulation to date, performed by neuroscientist Eugene M. Izhikevich of The Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego, California
San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round...
. Izhikevich simulated 1 second of activity of 100 billion neurons (the estimated number of neurons in the human brain) in 50 days using a cluster
Cluster (computing)
A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely thus in many respects forming a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area networks...
of 27 3-gigahertz processors. He extrapolated that a real-time simulation of the brain could not be achieved before 2016. The project aimed to disprove this prediction.
On July 12, 2008, AIS announced that the first phase of the project had been completed by reaching the 100 billion neuron mark. The project then continued to simulate neurons while they completed the development of the other applications.
AIS simulated the brain via an artificial neural network
Artificial neural network
An artificial neural network , usually called neural network , is a mathematical model or computational model that is inspired by the structure and/or functional aspects of biological neural networks. A neural network consists of an interconnected group of artificial neurons, and it processes...
, and used Hodgkin-Huxley model
Hodgkin-Huxley model
The Hodgkin–Huxley model is a mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated....
s. The project utilized the BOINC distributed computing platform. In version 1.08 of the software each work unit received by a volunteer simulated 500,000 neuron
Neuron
A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling. Chemical signaling occurs via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons connect to each other to form networks. Neurons are the core components of the nervous...
s for 100 milliseconds at 5 millisecond time steps (the estimated firing rate of a human neuron).
The application had four primary modules—for creating neurons, simulating neurons, visualizing neurons, and finally, knowledge acquisition. Intention was that the neuronal generator would eventually use genetic algorithms to generate neurons for simulation. The neuron simulator used mathematical models to simulate those neurons. Initially Hodgkin-Huxley model
Hodgkin-Huxley model
The Hodgkin–Huxley model is a mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated....
s were used, but more models (perhaps hundreds) were intended to be utilized in the future. The visualization software was to allow the administrators to monitor and control the neuronal simulators. The knowledge acquisition module involved feeding information to the system and training it to build its knowledge base.
The AIS project had successfully simulated over 700 billion neurons by April 2009.
The project was closed in November 2010 as the BOINC program of the project did not work.