Artur Pappenheim was a German physician known primarily for his work in hematology

Hematology

Hematology, also spelled haematology , is the branch of biology physiology, internal medicine, pathology, clinical laboratory work, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases...

.

He initially he studied mathematics

Mathematics

Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...

 and philosophy

Philosophy

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...

, but his focus later turned to medicine, and in 1895 received his degree from the University of Berlin. Subsequently he became an assistant to Joseph von Mering

Joseph von Mering

Josef, Baron von Mering was a German physician.Working at the University of Strasbourg, Mering was the first person to discover that one of the pancreatic functions is the production of insulin, a hormone which controls blood sugar levels.Mering was curious about the...

 at the University of Halle, and afterwards worked under neurologist

Neurologist

A neurologist is a physician who specializes in neurology, and is trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders.Neurology is the medical specialty related to the human nervous system. The nervous system encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. A specialist...

 Ludwig Lichtheim

Ludwig Lichtheim

Ludwig Lichtheim was a German physician. He was educated at the gymnasium in Breslau, and studied medicine at the universities of Berlin, Zurich, and Breslau, graduating in 1868...

 in Königsberg

Königsberg

Königsberg was the capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945 as well as the northernmost and easternmost German city with 286,666 inhabitants . Due to the multicultural society in and around the city, there are several local names for it...

. Later he was an assistant to dermatologist Paul Gerson Unna

Paul Gerson Unna

Paul Gerson Unna, was a German physician specialized in dermatology and one of the pioneers in dermatopathology....

 in Hamburg and to internist Ernst Viktor von Leyden

Ernst Viktor von Leyden

Ernst Viktor von Leyden was a German internist from Danzig.Leyden studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Institut in Berlin, and was a pupil of Johann Lukas Schönlein and Ludwig Traube . He was a medical professor at several universities, including Königsberg, Strassburg and Berlin...

 in Berlin. In 1912 he obtained the title of professor.

Pappenheim established and published Folia haematologica, a journal dedicated to hematology. He was the author of several books, and postulated that haematopoietic stem cells

Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell

Hematopoietic stem cells , also spelled Hæmatopoietic stem cells, are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all the blood cell types from the myeloid , and lymphoid lineages...

 had the potential for treatment of diseases, however it would be decades before practical research would be done in this area. He died on December 31, 1916 of spotted typhus

Typhus

Epidemic typhus is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters...

.

Today, the German Society of Hematology and Oncology

Oncology

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with cancer...

 issues an annual Artur Pappenheim Award for the best work in the fields of hematology or haematological oncology.

• Associated eponym:
• Pappenheim's stain: a methyl green–pyronin staining method used to differentiate between basophilic
  Basophilic
  Basophilic is a technical term used by histologists. It describes the microscopic appearance of cells and tissues, as seen down the microscope, after a histological section has been stained with a basic dye. The most common such dye is haematoxylin....
  
   granules of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and nuclear fragments.

Selected writings

• , 1895
• Grundriss der Farbchemie zum Gebrauch bei mikroskopischen Arbeiten, 1901
• Atlas der menschlichen Blutzellen, 1905-1912
• Grundriss der haematologischen Diagnostik und praktischen Blutuntersuchung, VIII + 264 pages, 1911
• Technik der klinischen Blutuntersuchung, 1911
• Über die verschiedenen lymphoiden Zellformen des normalen und pathologischen Blutes, 1911 (with Adolfo Ferrata)