Askham Bryan
Encyclopedia
Askham Bryan is a village
and civil parish in the unitary authority
of City of York in the north of England, 6 miles south west of York
, west of Bishopthorpe
, and close to Askham Richard
and Copmanthorpe
. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 582. Prior to 1996 it formed part of the district of Selby
.
Askham Bryan is mentioned in the Domesday Book
. The name comes from Ascam or Ascha meaning "enclosure of ash-tree". "Bryan" is Bryan FitzAlan
. He and his heirs held the manor
from the 12th century.
In the village is Askham Hall and nearby is Askham Bryan College
of Agriculture
. The village became a Conservation Area
in 1980.
, who was granted the lands by the warden of Richmond Castle. Other notable local families to have been titled Lord of the Manor for the village include the Mowbray's, Stapleton's, and Grey's. The village has sometimes been called East or Great Askham. Harry Croft Esq. was one of the last to be recorded as being Lord of the Manor of Askham Bryan in 1890.
The villages of Askham Bryan and close-by Askham Richard were once just one manor around the time of Edward the Confessor and belonged to Edwin, Earl of Mercia. When Edwin's lands were confiscated by the William the Conqueror, the village was granted to Roger de Mowbray who then passed the Manor to his friend, William de Tykhill, a former Warden of Foss Bridge. It eventually came into the hands of Bryan Fitzalan. During the times of Edward III, the Manor passed from the Grey family via marriage to Sir John Deincourt. The last known hereditary Lord of the Manor of Askham Bryan was Sir John Devede in the reign of Richard III.
, Moorhen
and the Canada Goose
have been seen on and around the pond. The centre of the village is the oldest part of Askham Bryan but it also includes the 18th century Nag's Head pub, the Victorian
Doctor's House and the old school, which was closed in the 1960s when it merged with St. Mary's C. of E. Primary School in Askham Richard
. The Village Hall was built in 1836 and is a former Methodist Chapel.
Nearby is Askham Bryan College of Agriculture and Horticulture. The college was originally known as the Yorkshire Institute of Agriculture, which opened in 1948. It became Askham Bryan College of Agriculture and Horticulture in 1967. It now includes equine management, animal management, land management, business, food production, engineering and bioscience.
design though with a working 17th century bell tower
.
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
and civil parish in the unitary authority
Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national...
of City of York in the north of England, 6 miles south west of York
York
York is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence...
, west of Bishopthorpe
Bishopthorpe
Bishopthorpe is a village and civil parish three miles south of York in the City of York unitary authority and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is close to the River Ouse, and has a population of 3,174. Prior to 1996 it was part of the Selby district...
, and close to Askham Richard
Askham Richard
Askham Richard is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of City of York in the north of England, six and a half miles south west of York, close to Copmanthorpe, Bilbrough and Askham Bryan. Prior to 1996 it formed part of the district of Selby. The village became a Conservation Area in...
and Copmanthorpe
Copmanthorpe
Copmanthorpe is a village and civil parish in the City of York in the English county of North Yorkshire, south west of York, west of Bishopthorpe and close to Acaster Malbis, Askham Bryan and Askham Richard. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 4,262. Until 1996 it had...
. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 582. Prior to 1996 it formed part of the district of Selby
Selby (district)
Selby is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. The local authority, Selby District Council, is based in the town of Selby and provides services to an area which includes Tadcaster and a host of villages....
.
Askham Bryan is mentioned in the Domesday Book
Domesday Book
Domesday Book , now held at The National Archives, Kew, Richmond upon Thames in South West London, is the record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086...
. The name comes from Ascam or Ascha meaning "enclosure of ash-tree". "Bryan" is Bryan FitzAlan
Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan
Sir Bryan FitzAlan, Baron FitzAlan Knt. was Lord of the Manor of Bedale in Richmondshire, Askham Bryan in the Ainsty, Bainton, Heworth &c., in Yorkshire, Bicker and Graby in Lincolnshire, a J.P., and High Sheriff of Yorkshire, &c...
. He and his heirs held the manor
Lord of the Manor
The Lordship of a Manor is recognised today in England and Wales as a form of property and one of three elements of a manor that may exist separately or be combined and may be held in moieties...
from the 12th century.
In the village is Askham Hall and nearby is Askham Bryan College
Askham Bryan College
Askham Bryan College is a specialist landbased college based in Askham Bryan, York, England. It also has centres in Thirsk, Bedale, Harrogate, Guisborough, Bradford, Wakefield Scarborough and Penrith....
of Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
. The village became a Conservation Area
Conservation area
A conservation areas is a tract of land that has been awarded protected status in order to ensure that natural features, cultural heritage or biota are safeguarded...
in 1980.
History
The name of the village is derived partly from Bryan FitzAlanBryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan
Sir Bryan FitzAlan, Baron FitzAlan Knt. was Lord of the Manor of Bedale in Richmondshire, Askham Bryan in the Ainsty, Bainton, Heworth &c., in Yorkshire, Bicker and Graby in Lincolnshire, a J.P., and High Sheriff of Yorkshire, &c...
, who was granted the lands by the warden of Richmond Castle. Other notable local families to have been titled Lord of the Manor for the village include the Mowbray's, Stapleton's, and Grey's. The village has sometimes been called East or Great Askham. Harry Croft Esq. was one of the last to be recorded as being Lord of the Manor of Askham Bryan in 1890.
The villages of Askham Bryan and close-by Askham Richard were once just one manor around the time of Edward the Confessor and belonged to Edwin, Earl of Mercia. When Edwin's lands were confiscated by the William the Conqueror, the village was granted to Roger de Mowbray who then passed the Manor to his friend, William de Tykhill, a former Warden of Foss Bridge. It eventually came into the hands of Bryan Fitzalan. During the times of Edward III, the Manor passed from the Grey family via marriage to Sir John Deincourt. The last known hereditary Lord of the Manor of Askham Bryan was Sir John Devede in the reign of Richard III.
Governance
Askham Bryan lies in the Rural West York Ward of the City of York Unitary Authority. As of the 2011 elections it is represented by Councillors Ian Gillies, Paul Healey and Chris Steward who are all members of the local Conservative Party. It is also a part of the UK Parliamentary Constiuency of York Outer as well as the EU region of Yorkshire and the Humber.Demography
The population of the village has fluctuated from 332 in 1811 to 342 inhabitants in 1848 to about 300 inhabitants in 1890. The population in 2001 stood at 582.Geography
The soil in and around the village is composed chiefly of gravel and clay. The village consists of two main streets, Main Street and Askham Fields Lane, which are surrounded by closes and cul-de-sacs. There is a small duck pond opposite the church which was believed to have been dug as part of a medieval drainage system. Several species of waterbirds, including MallardMallard
The Mallard , or Wild Duck , is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand and Australia....
, Moorhen
Moorhen
Moorhens, sometimes called marsh hens, are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family Rallidae. They constitute the genus Gallinula....
and the Canada Goose
Canada Goose
The Canada Goose is a wild goose belonging to the genus Branta, which is native to arctic and temperate regions of North America, having a black head and neck, white patches on the face, and a brownish-gray body....
have been seen on and around the pond. The centre of the village is the oldest part of Askham Bryan but it also includes the 18th century Nag's Head pub, the Victorian
Victorian architecture
The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...
Doctor's House and the old school, which was closed in the 1960s when it merged with St. Mary's C. of E. Primary School in Askham Richard
Askham Richard
Askham Richard is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of City of York in the north of England, six and a half miles south west of York, close to Copmanthorpe, Bilbrough and Askham Bryan. Prior to 1996 it formed part of the district of Selby. The village became a Conservation Area in...
. The Village Hall was built in 1836 and is a former Methodist Chapel.
Economy
The village is mainly a commuter village for nearby cities, though there is still some agriculture. The nearby Askham Bryan College of Agriculture and Horticulture provides some local employment.Education
The old Victorian school was recorded as having 45 children. As of 2010, Primary Education is catered for at St Mary's Church of England Voluntary Community School in nearby Askham Richard. For secondary education, the village is in the catchment area of York High School on Cornlands Road in nearby Acomb.Nearby is Askham Bryan College of Agriculture and Horticulture. The college was originally known as the Yorkshire Institute of Agriculture, which opened in 1948. It became Askham Bryan College of Agriculture and Horticulture in 1967. It now includes equine management, animal management, land management, business, food production, engineering and bioscience.
Religion
The parish church of St. Nicholas can be found near the centre of the village and dates back to the 11th century and is of an original NormanNorman architecture
About|Romanesque architecture, primarily English|other buildings in Normandy|Architecture of Normandy.File:Durham Cathedral. Nave by James Valentine c.1890.jpg|thumb|200px|The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the...
design though with a working 17th century bell tower
Bell tower
A bell tower is a tower which contains one or more bells, or which is designed to hold bells, even if it has none. In the European tradition, such a tower most commonly serves as part of a church and contains church bells. When attached to a city hall or other civic building, especially in...
.