Assisted migration
Encyclopedia
Assisted migration is the practice of deliberately populating members of a species from their present habitat
to a new region with the intent of establishing a permanent presence there, generally in response to the degradation of the natural habitat due to human action. The human action most frequently considered is climate change, but assisted migration can be in response to habitat loss or other impacts to historic range.
Assisted migration flies in the face of conventional management approaches that attempt to (re)establish habitat corridors that allow species to disperse in response to a changing climate. There is good reason to be skeptical of this conservation strategy given that history has shown that species introduced outside of their native range can be associated with negative ecological, evolutionary, and economic impacts (Ricciardi and Simberloff 2009). However, it is important not to dismiss this approach given the rapidity by which habitat and climate is changing, and the simple fact that species may not be able to keep pace (i.e., dispersal to favorable climates in the future).
In 2007 conservation biologists began formally discussing assisted migration as a mechanism for dealing with the predicted effects of global warming
on biological species.
In July 2008, the first clear instance of intentional assisted migration in behalf of an endangered tree was undertaken by citizen activists in the United States. The Florida species of genus Torreya
was restored to range considered by the activists to have been "native" range for the tree prior to the most recent advance of glacial ice: western North Carolina.
Fox, Douglas. 2007. When worlds collide. Conservation 8(1):28-34.
McLachlan, J. S., J. J. Hellmann, and M. W. Schwartz. 2007. A framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change. Conservation Biology 21: 297-302
Nijhuis, Michelle. 2008. Taking Wildness in Hand: Rescuing Species. Orion Magazine May/June 2008, pp. 64-78.
Ricciardi, A. and D. Simberloff. 2009. Assisted colonization is not a viable conservation strategy. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 24: 248-253.
Shirey, P.D. and G.A. Lamberti. 2010. Assisted colonization under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Conservation Letters 3(1):45-52.
Shirey, P.D. and G.A. Lamberti. 2011. Regulate trade in rare plants. Nature 469: 465-467.
Torreya Guardians has a webpage devoted to hotlinks for following the proposals and news on assisted migration, assisted colonization, and Pleistocene Rewilding
: "Assisted Migration Hotlinks".
Assisted Migration Working Group. http://assistedmigration.wiki.zoho.com/Managed-relocation.html.
Camacho, A., Assisted Migration: Redefining Nature and Natural Resource Law Under Climate Change, Yale Journal on Regulation, Vol. 27, p. 171, 2010 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1495370).
Habitat
* Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows*Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play** Space habitat, a space station intended as a permanent settlement...
to a new region with the intent of establishing a permanent presence there, generally in response to the degradation of the natural habitat due to human action. The human action most frequently considered is climate change, but assisted migration can be in response to habitat loss or other impacts to historic range.
Assisted migration flies in the face of conventional management approaches that attempt to (re)establish habitat corridors that allow species to disperse in response to a changing climate. There is good reason to be skeptical of this conservation strategy given that history has shown that species introduced outside of their native range can be associated with negative ecological, evolutionary, and economic impacts (Ricciardi and Simberloff 2009). However, it is important not to dismiss this approach given the rapidity by which habitat and climate is changing, and the simple fact that species may not be able to keep pace (i.e., dispersal to favorable climates in the future).
In 2007 conservation biologists began formally discussing assisted migration as a mechanism for dealing with the predicted effects of global warming
Global warming
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans and its projected continuation. In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades...
on biological species.
In July 2008, the first clear instance of intentional assisted migration in behalf of an endangered tree was undertaken by citizen activists in the United States. The Florida species of genus Torreya
Torreya
Torreya is a genus of conifers comprising five or six species, treated in either the Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense. Four are native to eastern Asia; the other two are native to North America. They are small to medium-sized evergreen trees...
was restored to range considered by the activists to have been "native" range for the tree prior to the most recent advance of glacial ice: western North Carolina.
Further reading
Biello, David. 2008. Deporting plants and animals to protect them from climate change. Scientific American 7-17-2008.Fox, Douglas. 2007. When worlds collide. Conservation 8(1):28-34.
McLachlan, J. S., J. J. Hellmann, and M. W. Schwartz. 2007. A framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change. Conservation Biology 21: 297-302
Nijhuis, Michelle. 2008. Taking Wildness in Hand: Rescuing Species. Orion Magazine May/June 2008, pp. 64-78.
Ricciardi, A. and D. Simberloff. 2009. Assisted colonization is not a viable conservation strategy. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 24: 248-253.
Shirey, P.D. and G.A. Lamberti. 2010. Assisted colonization under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Conservation Letters 3(1):45-52.
Shirey, P.D. and G.A. Lamberti. 2011. Regulate trade in rare plants. Nature 469: 465-467.
Torreya Guardians has a webpage devoted to hotlinks for following the proposals and news on assisted migration, assisted colonization, and Pleistocene Rewilding
Pleistocene Rewilding
Pleistocene Rewilding promotes the reintroduction of descendants of Pleistocene megafauna, or their close ecological equivalents. An extension of the conservation practice of rewilding, which involves reintroducing species to areas where they became extinct in recent history , Pleistocene rewilding...
: "Assisted Migration Hotlinks".
Assisted Migration Working Group. http://assistedmigration.wiki.zoho.com/Managed-relocation.html.
Camacho, A., Assisted Migration: Redefining Nature and Natural Resource Law Under Climate Change, Yale Journal on Regulation, Vol. 27, p. 171, 2010 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1495370).