Asunción
Encyclopedia
Asunción is the capital and largest city of Paraguay
.
The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous capital district not part of any department
. The metropolitan area
, called Gran Asunción
, includes the cities of San Lorenzo
, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré
, Luque
, Mariano Roque Alonso
, Ñemby
, San Antonio
, Limpio
, Capiatá
and Villa Elisa, which are part of the Central Department
. The Asunción metropolitan area has more than 2 million inhabitants. Asunción is located at 25°16′S 57°40′W (-25.2667, -57.6667). The Municipality of Asunción is listed on the Asunción Stock Exchange, as , a unique feature of any city.
It is the home of the national government, principal port, and the chief industrial and cultural centre of the country. Local manufacturing production includes footwear
, textiles, and tobacco
products.
and the longest continually inhabited area in the River Plate Basin; for this reason that it is known as "Mother of Cities". It was from here that the colonial expeditions departed to found other cities, including the second foundation of Buenos Aires
and of other important cities such as Villarrica
, Corrientes
, Santa Fe
and Santa Cruz de la Sierra
.
The site of the city may have been first visited by Spanish conqueror Juan de Ayolas
, on his way north, up the Paraguay River
, looking for a passage to the mines of Alto Perú
(present-day Bolivia). Later, Juan de Salazar y Espinosa
and Gonzalo de Mendoza
, relative of Pedro de Mendoza
, were sent in search of lalalalalalalaAyolas, but were unable to find him. On his way up and then down the river, de Salazar stopped briefly at a bay in the left bank to resupply his ships. He found the natives friendly, and decided to found a fort there, in August, 1537. As customary, he named it Asunción.
In 1541, natives destroyed Buenos Aires, and the Spaniards fled to Asunción. Thus, the city became the center of a large Spanish colonial province comprising part of Brazil, present-day Paraguay and northeastern Argentina: the Giant Province of the Indies. In 1603 Asunción was the seat of the First Synod of Asunción
, which set guidelines for the evangelization
of the natives in their lingua franca
, Guaraní
.
In 1731, an uprising under José de Antequera y Castro
was one of the first rebellions pene against Spanish
colonial rule. The uprising failed, but it was the first sign of the independent spirit that was growing among the criollos
, mestizo
s and natives
of Paraguay. The event influenced the independence of Paraguay, which then materialised in 1811. The secret reunions between the independence leaders to plan an ambush against the Spanish Governor in Paraguay Bernardo de Velasco were held at the home of Juana María de Lara, in downtown Asunción. On the night of May 14 and May 15 the rebels succeeded and were able to force governor Velasco to surrender. Today, Lara's home is known as Casa de la Independencia
(House of the Independence) and serves as a museum and historical building.
After Paraguay became independent, there was significant change in Asunción. Under the presidency of Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
roads were built throughout the city and the streets were named. However, it was during the presidency of Carlos Antonio López
that Asunción (and Paraguay) progressed, as the new president implemented new economic policies. More than 400 schools, metallurgic factories and the first railroad service in South America
were built during the López presidency. After López died, his son Francisco Solano López became the new president and led the country through the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance
that lasted for five years. After the War of the Triple Alliance
(1865–70), Asunción was occupied by Brazil
ian troops until 1876.
Many historians have claimed that this war provoked a steady downfall of the city and country, since it massacred two thirds of the country's population. Progress slowed down greatly afterwards, and the economy remained stagnated.
After the War of the Triple Alliance, Asunción began a slow recovery attempt. Towards the end of the 19th Century and during the early years of the 20th Century, a flow of immigrants from Europe
and the Ottoman Empire
came to the city. This led to a change in the appearance of the city as many new buildings were built and Asunción went through an era more prosperous than any since the war.
The population has increased greatly during the last few decades as a consequence of internal migration
from other Departments of Paraguay
, at first because of the economic boom in the 1970s, and later because of economic recession in the countryside. The adjacent cities in the Gran Asunción area, such as Luque
, Lambaré
, San Lorenzo
, Fernando de la Mora and Mariano Roque Alonso
, have absorbed most of this influx due to the low cost of the land and easy access to Asunción. The city has ranked as the least expensive city to live in for five years running by Mercer Human Resource Consulting. These cities have also experienced significant economic growth and expansion.
25º 15' and 25º 20' of south latitude
and between the meridians 57º 40' and 57º 30' of west longitude
. The city sits on the left bank of the Paraguay River
, almost at the confluence of this river with the River Pilcomayo. The Paraguay River and the Bay of Asunción in the northwest separate the city from the Occidental Region of Paraguay and Argentina
in the south part of the city. The rest of the city is surrounded by the Central Department
.
With its location along the Paraguay River, the city offers many landscapes; it spreads out over gentle hills in a pattern of rectangular blocks. Places such as Cerro Lambaré, a hill located in Lambaré
, offer a spectacular show in the springtime because of the blossoming lapacho
trees in the area. Parks such as Parque Independencia and Parque Carlos Antonio López offer large areas of typical Paraguayan vegetation and are frequented by tourists. There are several small hills and slightly elevated areas throughout the city, including Cabará, Clavel, Tarumá, Cachinga, and Tacumbú, among others.
that borders on a humid subtropical climate
.
Asunción generally has a very short dry season
that only covers the month of July and a wet season
that covers the remainder of the year. The climate of Asunción can be described as hot and humid for most of the year. During the wet season, Asunción is generally hot and humid though towards the end of this season, it becomes noticeably cooler. In contrast, Asunción's dry season is pleasantly mild. Asuncion's precipatation values observe a dominating summer maximum, due to severe tropical summer thunderstorms which travel southward from northern Paraguay, originating in the Gran Chaco region of the northwestern part of the country.
On January 14, 2011 an extremely severe subtropical thundersorm, affiliated with an adjacent cold front that had ripped through northern parts of neighbouring Argentina
earlier, roared destructively through the city at approximately 1:00 local time ( PYST;UTC 5:00) that afternoon. The beautifully cloudless, clear 29 °C (84.2 °F) morning made a horrific transformation to 17 °C (62.6 °F) with the passage of the cold front, under an ominously jet-black, stormy sky that had moved in from the south, by early afternoon of that same day. It was the most severe thunderstorm the city ever recorded, with downdrafting wind gusts exceeding 135 kilometre an hour, massive hail measuring over 4 in (10.2 cm) in diameter & weighing in at a colssal 8 oz. (226.80 grams), and the city receiving a copious 299 mm (11.8 in) of rainfall in just under an hour; that's nearly one foot (30 cm) of rain. The ensuing lightning strikes associated with the storm, killed a horrendous 19 people, along with significant property & structural damage from the colossal hail, and the extremely severe localized flooding that occurred from the prodigious rain that fell in such a short period of time. The flooding was not only due to the sheer amount of rainfall that was experienced; the unprecedented rainfall directly caused the Paraguay River to burst it's banks, additionally swamping riverside areas of the city including the downtown business district, leaving some areas completely inundated by over 3 ft (0.9144 m) of water. Although the extreme flooding did leave many residents homeless, it thankfully claimed no lives. All in all, it was by far the most destructive thunderstorm the city ever recorded, and one of the worst in the nation's history.
(which is one of the oldest schools in the city, founded in 1877), Colegio Nacional Presidente Franco and Colegio Nacional Asunción Escalada. The best-known private schools are Colegio Inmaculado Corazón de María, Salesianito, Colegio Cristo Rey
, Colegio Internacional, Colegio San José, Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola, Colegio Santa Teresa de Jesús, American School of Asunción
, Colegio Dante Alighieri
, Colegio Santa Clara, Colegio Goethe and Colegio de la Asunción.
(private Catholic university) and the Universidad Nacional de Asunción
(state-run). The Católica has a small campus in the downtown area next to the Cathedral and a larger campus in the Santa Ana neighborhood, outwards toward the adjoining city of Lambaré
, while the Universidad Nacional has its main campus in the city of San Lorenzo
, some 5 km eastward from Asunción. There are also a number of smaller privately run universities such as Uninorte, Universidad Americana
and Universidad Autónoma de Asunción, among others.
The industrial distribution of the economically active population show that the tertiary (business and services) sector is the most important, employing 8 out of 10 of all economically active people. The secondary sector (manufacturing and construction) employs 16% of the active population, while the primary sector (farming) is practically non-existent, as Asunción is a completely urban district.
In terms of commerce, it should be noted that this sector has grown considerably in recent years stretching towards the suburbs where shopping malls and supermarkets have been built.
Paraguay's only stock exchange, the BVPASA, is located here. The city itself is listed on it, as .
In July 2008, Asunción was found to be the "cheapest city in the world" by Mercer
.
runs right next to Asunción the city is served by a river terminal in the downtown area. This port is strategically located inside a bay and it is where most freight enters and leaves the country. There is a lesser terminal in the Sajonia neighbourhood, and a shuttle port in Ita Enramada, almost opposite the Argentine city of Clorinda.
Public transportation is used heavily and is served through buses that reach all the regions of the city and surrounding dormitory communities. The main long-distance bus terminal is on the Avenida República Argentina and its bus services connect all of the Departments of Paraguay
, as well as international routes to nearby countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Uruguay.
Asunción is served by the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport
located in the city of Luque
.
is Paraguay
's main national and international gateway, located at Luque
, suburb of the capital Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi
and was formerly known as Presidente Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former dictator General Alfredo Stroessner
.
The city is home to the Godoi Museum and the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (which contains old paintings from the 19th century), the Church of La Encarnación and the Metropolitan Cathedral
, and the National Pantheon of the Heroes
, a smaller version of Les Invalides
in Paris
, where many of the nation's heroes are entombed. Other landmarks include the Palacio de los López
, the old Senate building (a modern building opened to house Congress in 2003), the Cathedral Metropolitana and the Casa de la Independencia
(one of the few examples of colonial architecture remaining in the city).
Calle Palma is the main street downtown where several historical buildings, plazas, shops, restaurants and cafes are located. The "Manzana de la Rivera", located in front of the Presidential Palace, is a series of old traditional homes that have been restored and serve as a museum showcasing the architectural evolution of the city. The old railway station maintains the old trains that now are used in tourist trips to the cities of Luque
and Areguá
.
Asunción also has luxurious malls that contain shops selling well-known brands. The biggest shopping malls are Shopping del Sol, which includes a Macy's-style department store; Mariscal López Shopping, Shopping Villa Morra in the central part of the city, and the Mall Excelsior downtown.
, Cerro Porteño
and Club Libertad
, Club Nacional
, Club Guaraní
, Club Sol de América
, which have their own stadiums and sport facilities for affiliated members. The Defensores del Chaco
stadium is the main football stadium of the country and is located in the neighbourhood of Sajonia
, just a few minutes away from the centre of Asunción. Since it is a national stadium
sometimes it is used for other activities such as rock
concerts. Asunción is algo the heart of Paraguayan rugby union
.
The nightlife revolves around two areas: one in the downtown part of the city and the other in the neighbourhoods of Manora
and Las Carmelitas, a night full of nightclub
s and bars.
As it has been happening in many other parts of the world, cinemas have migrated into the main shopping malls.
Asunción also hosts several symphony orchestras, and ballet
, opera
and theater companies. The most well known orchestras are the City of Asunción's Symphony Orchestra (OSCA), the National Symphony Orchestra and the Northern University Symphony Orchestra. Among professional ballet companies, most renowned are the Asunción Classic and Modern Municipal Ballet, the National Ballet and the Northern University Ballet. The main opera company is the Northern University Opera Company. A long-standing theater company is Arlequín Theater Foundation's. Traditional venues include the Municipal Theater
, the Paraguayan-Japanese Center, the Central Bank's Great Lyric Theater, the Juan de Salazar Cultural Center, the Americas Theater, the Tom Jobim Theater, the Arlequín Theater and the Manzana de la Rivera
.
with:
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
.
The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous capital district not part of any department
Departments of Paraguay
|Paraguay consists of 17 departments and one capital district . These are, with their capitals indicated in parentheses:- External links :...
. The metropolitan area
Metropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
, called Gran Asunción
Gran Asunción
Gran Asunción , is the metropolitan area of the capital city of Paraguay, Asunción, which consists of the Capital and other surrounding cities such as San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, Ñemby and Villa Elisa. The metropolitan area has more than 1.9 million...
, includes the cities of San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo (Paraguay)
San Lorenzo is a city located in the Central Department in Paraguay, some 10 kilometers away from the capital Asunción. It is the third most populated city of Paraguay and its main activity is commerce. The National University of Asunción campus is located in San Lorenzo...
, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré
Lambaré
Lambaré is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area.- Sources : * – World-Gazetteer.com...
, Luque
Luque
Luque is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area. It is located at around . It is the location of the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport for Asunción and the headquarters of CONMEBOL...
, Mariano Roque Alonso
Mariano Roque Alonso
Mariano Roque Alonso is a district and city located in the Central Department, in Paraguay in the Gran Asunción metropolitan area. The city has a population of 85,000 people....
, Ñemby
Ñemby
Ñemby is a city in the Central Department of Paraguay. It is part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area.-History:Among the historical sites of this city stands the Church of San Lorenzo which was founded by Spanish settlers in 1718 when Ñemby was a population of only 2,187 inhabitants.Other...
, San Antonio
San Antonio, Paraguay
San Antonio is a city in Paraguay located in the Central Department. It has been significant since colonial times, as it was located beside the Royal Way, a road which leads to the city of Villeta...
, Limpio
Limpio
The city of Limpio is located in the Central Department, Paraguay. It was founded on February 2, 1785, by the Friar Luís de Bolaños under the name of San José de los Campos Limpios de Tapúa....
, Capiatá
Capiatá
Capiatá is a city in Central Department, Paraguay.It is the only city in Central that borders seven cities: Aregua, Itaugua, Juan Augusto Saldívar, Luque, Ñemby, San Lorenzo and Ypane....
and Villa Elisa, which are part of the Central Department
Central Department
Central is a department in Paraguay. The capital is Areguá. With its 1,929,834 inhabitants it is the most populated of the 17 departments of Paraguay.-Boundaries:*North: the departments of Cordillera and Presidente Hayes....
. The Asunción metropolitan area has more than 2 million inhabitants. Asunción is located at 25°16′S 57°40′W (-25.2667, -57.6667). The Municipality of Asunción is listed on the Asunción Stock Exchange, as , a unique feature of any city.
It is the home of the national government, principal port, and the chief industrial and cultural centre of the country. Local manufacturing production includes footwear
Footwear
Footwear consists of garments worn on the feet, for fashion, protection against the environment, and adornment. Being barefoot is commonly associated with poverty, but some cultures chose not to wear footwear at least in some situations....
, textiles, and tobacco
Tobacco
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines...
products.
History
Asunción is one of the oldest cities in South AmericaSouth America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
and the longest continually inhabited area in the River Plate Basin; for this reason that it is known as "Mother of Cities". It was from here that the colonial expeditions departed to found other cities, including the second foundation of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
and of other important cities such as Villarrica
Villarrica, Paraguay
Villarrica is a city located in the middle of the Oriental Region of the Paraguayan territory, is capital of the Guairá Department. It was founded by the Spanish Captain Ruy Diaz de Melgarejo on May 14, 1570 in the old Guaira, today in Brazilian territory....
, Corrientes
Corrientes
Corrientes is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, Argentina, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, about from Buenos Aires and from Posadas, on National Route 12...
, Santa Fe
Santa Fe, Argentina
Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It sits in northeastern Argentina, near the junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers. It lies opposite the city of Paraná, to which it is linked by the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel. The city is also connected by canal with the...
and Santa Cruz de la Sierra
Santa Cruz de la Sierra
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, commonly known as Santa Cruz, is the capital of the Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia and the largest city in the country...
.
The site of the city may have been first visited by Spanish conqueror Juan de Ayolas
Juan de Ayolas
Juan de Ayolas was a conquistador who explored the watershed of the Rio de la Plata for the Spanish crown. He accompanied Pedro de Mendoza on his 1534 expedition to colonize the region between the Rio de la Plata and the Straits of Magellan and briefly succeeded him as the second governor of the...
, on his way north, up the Paraguay River
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River is a major river in south central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina...
, looking for a passage to the mines of Alto Perú
Upper Peru
Upper Peru was the region in the Viceroyalty of Peru, and after 1776, the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, comprising the governorships of Potosí, La Paz, Cochabamba, Los Chiquitos, Moxos and Charcas...
(present-day Bolivia). Later, Juan de Salazar y Espinosa
Juan de Salazar de Epinosa
Juan de Salazar y Espinosa was a Spanish explorer, founder of the Paraguayan city of Asuncion. Born in the city of Espinosa de los Monteros in Burgos, Spain, not much is known about his early life....
and Gonzalo de Mendoza
Gonzalo de Mendoza
Gonzalo de Mendoza was a Spanish conquistador and colonizer.A native of Andalusia in Spain, he joined his brother Pedro at his new colony of New Andalusia in 1536. Together with Juan de Salazar y Espinosa, he founded Nuestra Señora Santa María de la Asunción on 15 August 1537, which soon became...
, relative of Pedro de Mendoza
Pedro de Mendoza
Pedro de Mendoza y Luján was a Spanish conquistador, soldier and explorer, and the first adelantado of the Río de la Plata.- Setting sail :...
, were sent in search of lalalalalalalaAyolas, but were unable to find him. On his way up and then down the river, de Salazar stopped briefly at a bay in the left bank to resupply his ships. He found the natives friendly, and decided to found a fort there, in August, 1537. As customary, he named it Asunción.
In 1541, natives destroyed Buenos Aires, and the Spaniards fled to Asunción. Thus, the city became the center of a large Spanish colonial province comprising part of Brazil, present-day Paraguay and northeastern Argentina: the Giant Province of the Indies. In 1603 Asunción was the seat of the First Synod of Asunción
First Synod of Asunción
The First Synod of Asunción was a council of the Roman Catholic Church of the Diocese of Paraguay, in 1603. It was organized by the third bishop of the diocese, Friar Martín Ignacio de Loyola, in Asunción, gathering clergy and lay people from the eight cities of the Giant Province of the Indias.The...
, which set guidelines for the evangelization
Evangelism
Evangelism refers to the practice of relaying information about a particular set of beliefs to others who do not hold those beliefs. The term is often used in reference to Christianity....
of the natives in their lingua franca
Lingua franca
A lingua franca is a language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both mother tongues.-Characteristics:"Lingua franca" is a functionally defined term, independent of the linguistic...
, Guaraní
Guaraní language
Guaraní, specifically the primary variety known as Paraguayan Guaraní , is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupí–Guaraní subfamily of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of Paraguay , where it is spoken by the majority of the population, and half of...
.
José de Antequera y Castro
José de Antequera y Castro was a Panamanian lawyer and judge in Peru , and the leader of an insurrection in Paraguay against the viceroy and the king.-Early career:...
was one of the first rebellions pene against Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
colonial rule. The uprising failed, but it was the first sign of the independent spirit that was growing among the criollos
Criollo people
The Criollo class ranked below that of the Iberian Peninsulares, the high-born permanent residence colonists born in Spain. But Criollos were higher status/rank than all other castes—people of mixed descent, Amerindians, and enslaved Africans...
, mestizo
Mestizo
Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Latin America, Philippines and Spain for people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent...
s and natives
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....
of Paraguay. The event influenced the independence of Paraguay, which then materialised in 1811. The secret reunions between the independence leaders to plan an ambush against the Spanish Governor in Paraguay Bernardo de Velasco were held at the home of Juana María de Lara, in downtown Asunción. On the night of May 14 and May 15 the rebels succeeded and were able to force governor Velasco to surrender. Today, Lara's home is known as Casa de la Independencia
Casa de la Independencia Museum
The Casa de la Independencia Museum, located in Asunción, Paraguay was inaugurated on May 14, 1965 and showcases pieces of history that date back to the independence of the country....
(House of the Independence) and serves as a museum and historical building.
After Paraguay became independent, there was significant change in Asunción. Under the presidency of Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
200px|right|thumb|José Gaspar Rodríguez de FranciaDr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco was the first leader of Paraguay following its independence from Spain...
roads were built throughout the city and the streets were named. However, it was during the presidency of Carlos Antonio López
Carlos Antonio López (politician)
Carlos Antonio López Ynsfrán was a Paraguayan political figure. He was the country's ruler from 1841 to 1862....
that Asunción (and Paraguay) progressed, as the new president implemented new economic policies. More than 400 schools, metallurgic factories and the first railroad service in South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
were built during the López presidency. After López died, his son Francisco Solano López became the new president and led the country through the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance
War of the Triple Alliance
The Paraguayan War , also known as War of the Triple Alliance , was a military conflict in South America fought from 1864 to 1870 between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay...
that lasted for five years. After the War of the Triple Alliance
War of the Triple Alliance
The Paraguayan War , also known as War of the Triple Alliance , was a military conflict in South America fought from 1864 to 1870 between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay...
(1865–70), Asunción was occupied by Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian troops until 1876.
Many historians have claimed that this war provoked a steady downfall of the city and country, since it massacred two thirds of the country's population. Progress slowed down greatly afterwards, and the economy remained stagnated.
After the War of the Triple Alliance, Asunción began a slow recovery attempt. Towards the end of the 19th Century and during the early years of the 20th Century, a flow of immigrants from Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
came to the city. This led to a change in the appearance of the city as many new buildings were built and Asunción went through an era more prosperous than any since the war.
Demographics
The population is approximately 520,000 people in the city proper. Roughly 30% of Paraguay's 6 million people live within Greater Asunción. Sixty-five percent of the total population in the city are under the age of 30.The population has increased greatly during the last few decades as a consequence of internal migration
Human migration
Human migration is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. Historically this movement was nomadic, often causing significant conflict with the indigenous population and their displacement or cultural assimilation. Only a few nomadic...
from other Departments of Paraguay
Departments of Paraguay
|Paraguay consists of 17 departments and one capital district . These are, with their capitals indicated in parentheses:- External links :...
, at first because of the economic boom in the 1970s, and later because of economic recession in the countryside. The adjacent cities in the Gran Asunción area, such as Luque
Luque
Luque is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area. It is located at around . It is the location of the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport for Asunción and the headquarters of CONMEBOL...
, Lambaré
Lambaré
Lambaré is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area.- Sources : * – World-Gazetteer.com...
, San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo (Paraguay)
San Lorenzo is a city located in the Central Department in Paraguay, some 10 kilometers away from the capital Asunción. It is the third most populated city of Paraguay and its main activity is commerce. The National University of Asunción campus is located in San Lorenzo...
, Fernando de la Mora and Mariano Roque Alonso
Mariano Roque Alonso
Mariano Roque Alonso is a district and city located in the Central Department, in Paraguay in the Gran Asunción metropolitan area. The city has a population of 85,000 people....
, have absorbed most of this influx due to the low cost of the land and easy access to Asunción. The city has ranked as the least expensive city to live in for five years running by Mercer Human Resource Consulting. These cities have also experienced significant economic growth and expansion.
Geography
Asunción is located between the parallelsCircle of latitude
A circle of latitude, on the Earth, is an imaginary east-west circle connecting all locations that share a given latitude...
25º 15' and 25º 20' of south latitude
Latitude
In geography, the latitude of a location on the Earth is the angular distance of that location south or north of the Equator. The latitude is an angle, and is usually measured in degrees . The equator has a latitude of 0°, the North pole has a latitude of 90° north , and the South pole has a...
and between the meridians 57º 40' and 57º 30' of west longitude
Longitude
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds, and denoted by the Greek letter lambda ....
. The city sits on the left bank of the Paraguay River
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River is a major river in south central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina...
, almost at the confluence of this river with the River Pilcomayo. The Paraguay River and the Bay of Asunción in the northwest separate the city from the Occidental Region of Paraguay and Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
in the south part of the city. The rest of the city is surrounded by the Central Department
Central Department
Central is a department in Paraguay. The capital is Areguá. With its 1,929,834 inhabitants it is the most populated of the 17 departments of Paraguay.-Boundaries:*North: the departments of Cordillera and Presidente Hayes....
.
With its location along the Paraguay River, the city offers many landscapes; it spreads out over gentle hills in a pattern of rectangular blocks. Places such as Cerro Lambaré, a hill located in Lambaré
Lambaré
Lambaré is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area.- Sources : * – World-Gazetteer.com...
, offer a spectacular show in the springtime because of the blossoming lapacho
Lapacho
Lapacho or Taheebo is a herbal tea made from the inner bark of Pink Ipê, Tabebuia impetiginosa. It is also sold under more ambiguous and possibly misleading names like "Ipes", "Ipê", "Pau d'arco", "Ipe Roxo", or "Trumpet Bush"....
trees in the area. Parks such as Parque Independencia and Parque Carlos Antonio López offer large areas of typical Paraguayan vegetation and are frequented by tourists. There are several small hills and slightly elevated areas throughout the city, including Cabará, Clavel, Tarumá, Cachinga, and Tacumbú, among others.
Climate
Asunción features a tropical savanna climateTropical savanna climate
Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a type of climate that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories "Aw" and '"As."...
that borders on a humid subtropical climate
Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...
.
Asunción generally has a very short dry season
Dry season
The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the tropics. The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt, which oscillates from the northern to the southern tropics over the course of the year...
that only covers the month of July and a wet season
Wet season
The the wet season, or rainy season, is the time of year, covering one or more months, when most of the average annual rainfall in a region occurs. The term green season is also sometimes used as a euphemism by tourist authorities. Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the...
that covers the remainder of the year. The climate of Asunción can be described as hot and humid for most of the year. During the wet season, Asunción is generally hot and humid though towards the end of this season, it becomes noticeably cooler. In contrast, Asunción's dry season is pleasantly mild. Asuncion's precipatation values observe a dominating summer maximum, due to severe tropical summer thunderstorms which travel southward from northern Paraguay, originating in the Gran Chaco region of the northwestern part of the country.
On January 14, 2011 an extremely severe subtropical thundersorm, affiliated with an adjacent cold front that had ripped through northern parts of neighbouring Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
earlier, roared destructively through the city at approximately 1:00 local time ( PYST;UTC 5:00) that afternoon. The beautifully cloudless, clear 29 °C (84.2 °F) morning made a horrific transformation to 17 °C (62.6 °F) with the passage of the cold front, under an ominously jet-black, stormy sky that had moved in from the south, by early afternoon of that same day. It was the most severe thunderstorm the city ever recorded, with downdrafting wind gusts exceeding 135 kilometre an hour, massive hail measuring over 4 in (10.2 cm) in diameter & weighing in at a colssal 8 oz. (226.80 grams), and the city receiving a copious 299 mm (11.8 in) of rainfall in just under an hour; that's nearly one foot (30 cm) of rain. The ensuing lightning strikes associated with the storm, killed a horrendous 19 people, along with significant property & structural damage from the colossal hail, and the extremely severe localized flooding that occurred from the prodigious rain that fell in such a short period of time. The flooding was not only due to the sheer amount of rainfall that was experienced; the unprecedented rainfall directly caused the Paraguay River to burst it's banks, additionally swamping riverside areas of the city including the downtown business district, leaving some areas completely inundated by over 3 ft (0.9144 m) of water. Although the extreme flooding did leave many residents homeless, it thankfully claimed no lives. All in all, it was by far the most destructive thunderstorm the city ever recorded, and one of the worst in the nation's history.
Education
The literacy rate is 95 percent, the highest in Paraguay. The number of schools has doubled since 1982 . Student numbers have doubled since 1962.Schools
The city has a large number of both public and private schools. The best-known public schools are the Colegio Nacional de la CapitalColegio Nacional de la Capital
Colegio Nacional de la Capital "Gral. Bernardino Caballero" is a public high school in Asuncion, Paraguay. The school is one of the most prestigious in Paraguay...
(which is one of the oldest schools in the city, founded in 1877), Colegio Nacional Presidente Franco and Colegio Nacional Asunción Escalada. The best-known private schools are Colegio Inmaculado Corazón de María, Salesianito, Colegio Cristo Rey
Colegio Cristo Rey
The Colegio Cristo Rey is a Jesuit school located in the city of Asunción, Paraguay.-History:The school's history dates back to January 4, 1927, the day the Jesuits priests of the Society of Jesus were allowed to reenter Paraguay after 158 years in exile. The Jesuit order had been expelled from...
, Colegio Internacional, Colegio San José, Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola, Colegio Santa Teresa de Jesús, American School of Asunción
American School of Asuncion
The American School of Asunción is an international school in Asunción, Paraguay founded in 1955. It is a private non-profit day school, which offers an instructional program from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. The school is a bilingual, multi-cultural educational institution which incorporates...
, Colegio Dante Alighieri
Scuola Italiana Dante Alighieri
Scuola Italiana Dante Alighieri, better known as Colegio Dante Alighieri, is a traditional Italian private school in Paraguay...
, Colegio Santa Clara, Colegio Goethe and Colegio de la Asunción.
Universities
The main universities in the city are the Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la AsunciónUniversidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción
The Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción is a private university of Catholic obedience in Paraguay. It has 8 teaching facility centers.-External links:*...
(private Catholic university) and the Universidad Nacional de Asunción
Universidad Nacional de Asunción
The Universidad Nacional de Asunción, abbreviated UNA, is a public university in Paraguay. Founded in 1889, it is the oldest and most traditional university in the country.In 2006, there were 36,000 students and 5,500 professors.- Organization :...
(state-run). The Católica has a small campus in the downtown area next to the Cathedral and a larger campus in the Santa Ana neighborhood, outwards toward the adjoining city of Lambaré
Lambaré
Lambaré is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area.- Sources : * – World-Gazetteer.com...
, while the Universidad Nacional has its main campus in the city of San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo (Paraguay)
San Lorenzo is a city located in the Central Department in Paraguay, some 10 kilometers away from the capital Asunción. It is the third most populated city of Paraguay and its main activity is commerce. The National University of Asunción campus is located in San Lorenzo...
, some 5 km eastward from Asunción. There are also a number of smaller privately run universities such as Uninorte, Universidad Americana
Universidad Americana
The Universidad Americana is a Paraguayan university, founded in 1994. It has two teaching facilities in Asunción, one in Ciudad del Este and one in Encarnación...
and Universidad Autónoma de Asunción, among others.
Economy
Although the economically active population of Asunción has not increased significantly in the last 10 years, it has doubled since 1962.The industrial distribution of the economically active population show that the tertiary (business and services) sector is the most important, employing 8 out of 10 of all economically active people. The secondary sector (manufacturing and construction) employs 16% of the active population, while the primary sector (farming) is practically non-existent, as Asunción is a completely urban district.
In terms of commerce, it should be noted that this sector has grown considerably in recent years stretching towards the suburbs where shopping malls and supermarkets have been built.
Paraguay's only stock exchange, the BVPASA, is located here. The city itself is listed on it, as .
In July 2008, Asunción was found to be the "cheapest city in the world" by Mercer
Mercer (consulting firm)
Mercer is a human resource and related financial services consulting firm, headquartered in New York City. The firm operates internationally in more than 40 countries, with more than 19,000 employees, and is the world's largest human resource consulting firm....
.
Transportation
Because the Paraguay RiverParaguay River
The Paraguay River is a major river in south central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina...
runs right next to Asunción the city is served by a river terminal in the downtown area. This port is strategically located inside a bay and it is where most freight enters and leaves the country. There is a lesser terminal in the Sajonia neighbourhood, and a shuttle port in Ita Enramada, almost opposite the Argentine city of Clorinda.
Public transportation is used heavily and is served through buses that reach all the regions of the city and surrounding dormitory communities. The main long-distance bus terminal is on the Avenida República Argentina and its bus services connect all of the Departments of Paraguay
Departments of Paraguay
|Paraguay consists of 17 departments and one capital district . These are, with their capitals indicated in parentheses:- External links :...
, as well as international routes to nearby countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Uruguay.
Asunción is served by the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport
Silvio Pettirossi International Airport
-Incidents and accidents:*3 December 1945: an USAAF Douglas C-47B-5-DK registration 43-48602 flying from Asunción to Montevideo crashed 16km SE of Carlos Pellegrini, Argentina...
located in the city of Luque
Luque
Luque is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area. It is located at around . It is the location of the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport for Asunción and the headquarters of CONMEBOL...
.
Air
Silvio Pettirossi International AirportSilvio Pettirossi International Airport
-Incidents and accidents:*3 December 1945: an USAAF Douglas C-47B-5-DK registration 43-48602 flying from Asunción to Montevideo crashed 16km SE of Carlos Pellegrini, Argentina...
is Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
's main national and international gateway, located at Luque
Luque
Luque is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area. It is located at around . It is the location of the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport for Asunción and the headquarters of CONMEBOL...
, suburb of the capital Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi
Silvio Pettirossi
Silvio Pettirossi was a Paraguayan airplane pilot and aviation pioneer.-Background:Born in Asunción on June 16, 1887 from Italian emigrants, as a young man he moved to Buenos Aires...
and was formerly known as Presidente Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former dictator General Alfredo Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda, whose name is also spelled Strössner or Strößner , was a Paraguayan military officer and dictator from 1954 to 1989...
.
Tourist attractions
Metropolitan Cathedral
A metropolitan cathedral is a cathedral to which other cathedrals in a province are suffragan. See metropolitan bishop.Examples of use as a proper name:-Americas:*Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral*Metropolitan Cathedral of La Paz...
, and the National Pantheon of the Heroes
National Pantheon of the Heroes
The National Pantheon of the Heroes is a building and landmark of Asunción, Paraguay, and a national monument of Paraguay. It is customary in Asuncion that when something historic happens people flock with their flags to the street in front of it and celebrate the event.The ceremonial changing...
, a smaller version of Les Invalides
Les Invalides
Les Invalides , officially known as L'Hôtel national des Invalides , is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as well as a hospital and a retirement home for war veterans, the building's...
in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, where many of the nation's heroes are entombed. Other landmarks include the Palacio de los López
Palacio de los López
Palacio de López is a palace in Asuncion, Paraguay, that serves as workplace for the President of Paraguay, and is also the seat of the government of Paraguay.-External links:...
, the old Senate building (a modern building opened to house Congress in 2003), the Cathedral Metropolitana and the Casa de la Independencia
Casa de la Independencia Museum
The Casa de la Independencia Museum, located in Asunción, Paraguay was inaugurated on May 14, 1965 and showcases pieces of history that date back to the independence of the country....
(one of the few examples of colonial architecture remaining in the city).
Calle Palma is the main street downtown where several historical buildings, plazas, shops, restaurants and cafes are located. The "Manzana de la Rivera", located in front of the Presidential Palace, is a series of old traditional homes that have been restored and serve as a museum showcasing the architectural evolution of the city. The old railway station maintains the old trains that now are used in tourist trips to the cities of Luque
Luque
Luque is a city in Central Department, Paraguay, part of the Gran Asunción metropolitan area. It is located at around . It is the location of the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport for Asunción and the headquarters of CONMEBOL...
and Areguá
Areguá
Areguá is a city in Paraguay; located 28 km away from the capital city Asunción. It is the capital of Central. Probably the best feature of this Paraguayan town is its geographical location; it lays between a group of rolling hills with a distinctive rock formation and a beautiful blue lake,...
.
Asunción also has luxurious malls that contain shops selling well-known brands. The biggest shopping malls are Shopping del Sol, which includes a Macy's-style department store; Mariscal López Shopping, Shopping Villa Morra in the central part of the city, and the Mall Excelsior downtown.
Sports and entertainment
Football is the main sport in Paraguay, and Asunción is home to some of the most important and traditional soccer teams like OlimpiaOlimpia Asunción
Club Olimpia is a Paraguayan sport club based in Asunción. It is best known for its professional football team which plays in the Paraguayan Primera División....
, Cerro Porteño
Cerro Porteño
Club Cerro Porteño is a professional Paraguayan football club, based in the neighbourhood of Barrio Obrero in Asunción. Founded in 1912, Cerro has won 28 Primera División titles and is one of the most popular football club in Paraguay...
and Club Libertad
Club Libertad
Club Libertad is a sports club based in the District Tuyucuá of the city of Asuncion, capital of Paraguay. It was founded on July 30, 1905 and currently plays in the Paraguayan Primera División...
, Club Nacional
Club Nacional
Club Nacional is a Paraguayan football team, based in the neighbourhood of Barrio Obrero in Asunción, founded in 1904.-History:The club was founded on June 5, 1904 by a group of alumni of the Colegio Nacional de la Capital, one of the oldest public schools in Asunción...
, Club Guaraní
Club Guaraní
Club Guaraní is a Paraguayan football team, based in the neighbourhood of Dos Bocas in outer Asunción, founded in 1903.-History:Club Guaraní is the second oldest Paraguayan football club. It was founded in 1903 under the name of "Football Club Guarani" and its first president was Juan Patri...
, Club Sol de América
Club Sol de América
Club Sol de América is a Paraguayan sports club, mostly known for its football team. The club is located in Barrio Obrero, Paraguay, and it was founded in 1909. The stadium Sol de America uses for most of its first division games is located in the suburb city of Villa Elisa. Sol de America have won...
, which have their own stadiums and sport facilities for affiliated members. The Defensores del Chaco
Estadio Defensores del Chaco
Estadio Defensores del Chaco is a multi-purpose stadium in Asunción, Paraguay. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium once had a 50,000+ capacity but over the years the stadium has undergone remodeling dropping the capacity to 36,000....
stadium is the main football stadium of the country and is located in the neighbourhood of Sajonia
Sajonia (Asunción)
Sajonia is a barrio of Asunción, the capital of Paraguay. It is located next to the Paraguay River and has a population of 14,873 people. This barrio is home to different social classes, but most predominantly middle- to upper-class families...
, just a few minutes away from the centre of Asunción. Since it is a national stadium
National stadium
Many countries have a national football stadium, which typically serves as the primary or exclusive home for one or more of a country's national representative sports teams. The term is most often used in reference to an association football stadium. Usually, a national stadium will be in or very...
sometimes it is used for other activities such as rock
Rock music
Rock music is a genre of popular music that developed during and after the 1960s, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music...
concerts. Asunción is algo the heart of Paraguayan rugby union
Rugby union in Paraguay
this is a reliable source| country = Paraguay| sport = rugby union| image =| imagesize = 300px| caption =| union = Paraguayan Rugby Union| nickname =...
.
The nightlife revolves around two areas: one in the downtown part of the city and the other in the neighbourhoods of Manora
Manorá (Asunción)
Manorá is a barrio of Asunción, the capital of Paraguay. Its limits are the neighbourhoods of San Jorge, Ycuá Satí, Villa Morra, Santo Domingo, Las Lomas and Madame Lynch. It has a population of 1,898 people...
and Las Carmelitas, a night full of nightclub
Nightclub
A nightclub is an entertainment venue which usually operates late into the night...
s and bars.
As it has been happening in many other parts of the world, cinemas have migrated into the main shopping malls.
Ballet
Ballet is a type of performance dance, that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century, and which was further developed in France and Russia as a concert dance form. The early portions preceded the invention of the proscenium stage and were presented in large chambers with...
, opera
Opera
Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...
and theater companies. The most well known orchestras are the City of Asunción's Symphony Orchestra (OSCA), the National Symphony Orchestra and the Northern University Symphony Orchestra. Among professional ballet companies, most renowned are the Asunción Classic and Modern Municipal Ballet, the National Ballet and the Northern University Ballet. The main opera company is the Northern University Opera Company. A long-standing theater company is Arlequín Theater Foundation's. Traditional venues include the Municipal Theater
Municipal theatre Ignacio A. Pane.
The Municipal theatre Ignacio A. Pane is a municipal theatre in Asunción, Paraguay,-History:In 1843, under the consulate Don Carlos Antonio López and Mariano Roque Alonso, is built the first building to Theatre, Leading the dynamism that was gaining cultural activity in the country.In 1844 hall was...
, the Paraguayan-Japanese Center, the Central Bank's Great Lyric Theater, the Juan de Salazar Cultural Center, the Americas Theater, the Tom Jobim Theater, the Arlequín Theater and the Manzana de la Rivera
Manzana de la Rivera
The Manzana de la Rivera is an antique city block transformed into a museum-library-theater-cafe complex, and has become a cultural symbol of Paraguay.- Location :...
.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Asunción is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
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External links
- 3dLatinamerica.com Many 3-dimensional high-quality images of Asunción and other cities in Latin America (also viewable in standard 2-D)
- Senatur Asunción Info (in Spanish)
- Map of downtown area and a downloadable map of the city (part 1)
- Municipality of Asunción