Atara Marmor
Encyclopedia
Atara Marmor (Clairvivre (Salagnac
), Dordogne
, France
, September 3, 1943 – Bet Shemesh
, Israel
, September 21, 2003) was a French
historian
.
), Dordogne
. She was the daughter of rabbi David Feuerwerker
and of Antoinette Feuerwerker
. She was the oldest of 6 children, all born in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, except her, who was born during World War II
.
At the time of her birth, her father was officially the rabbi of Brive-la-Gaillarde
and three neighbouring Departments.
Her father, warned in 1944 of his imminent arrest by the Gestapo
, through the network of the French Resistance
, finds refuge in Switzerland
, his native country, for the duration of the last six months of the war. Her mother, stays with her in France. She had beforehand found a potential refuge, for her and her baby. When the day came to hide, she went to those who had offered her help. But she was told : « It was too dangerous ! ». Without another alternative, Antoinette Feuerwerker
found a haven in a catholic
convent
. The mother and the daughter shared a cell and survived on potatoes and water.
At the Libération
of France, rabbi David Feuerwerker becomes the Chief Rabbi of Lyon
, and, with his wife, he works at the reconstruction of French Jewry. Atara lives in Lyon
, from 1944 to 1946, living with her parents, quai Tilsit.
In 1946, rabbi David Feuerwerker is elected rabbi of Neuilly-sur-Seine
. They live 12, Rue Ancelle. Atara will be involved in the epic of the SS Exodus. The money intended for this illegal transport was entrusted to Antoinette Feuerwerker. It’s in gold ingots. At the time, individuals didn’t possess the right to own them. Antoinette Feuerwerker seeks a place to hide them, before returning them. She chooses to place them, without her husband’s knowledge, under his bed. Her reasoning is that no one will suspect him. One day, Atara plays on the ground, and under the bed catches sight of the treasure.. Her mother told her, « These are golden buttons », in case the child talks, the news wouldn’t spread.
In 1948, rabbin David Feuerwerker becomes the rabbi of the second largest Synagogue of Paris, the Synagogue de la rue des Tournelles and the family lives at 14, place des Vosges
, in the heart of Marais
, until 1966.
Atara goes to High School in Paris
, notably at the Lycée Victor-Duruy and at the Lycée Fénelon.
In her late teens, she made a long stay in the United States
, where she learns American English. She spent one year in Mansfield
(Ohio
), living by Rabbi Harstein and his family. She got used to the mamerican way of life. She completed her High School
diploma in Mansfield
.
She then moved to New York
. The wife of the Rebbe of Lubavitch, Menachem Mendel Schneerson
, the Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka Schneerson
, showed her the americain metropolis.
She studied in New York
at the Stern College for Women
of Yeshiva University
.
When the dean of the French poets, André Spire
died in 1966, rabbi David Feuerwerker lead his funerals. André Spire’s family requested intimate funerals in his litte village outside of Paris
, and requested the presence of Atara, the friend of the only child of the Spires, Marie-Brunette. She attended.
When her family settled in Montreal
, Quebec
, Atara studied sociology
at the Université de Montréal
. She then completed her Master Thesis in History
in 1976 on L'Histoire des mentalités : le concours de l'Académie de Metz dans les trois évêchés en 1785-1787-1788.
She spent several years researching for her Ph.D. in Architectural History on the famous architect
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
and the School of the Bauhaus
.
Since a young age, she was interested in music (she had private classes violon with Monsieur Abraham Bourlinski, who will offer her a violin which will accompany her all through her life.).
She loves to paint. From her bedroom with a view on the famous Place des Vosges
, she paints still lives or the former Place Royale.
Later, once married to Murray Marmor, a pharmacist in Montreal
, an art buff, she will become an expert in art and painting. The Marmors, collectors of de masterpieces will lend to Museums certain of their masterpieces or will make some gifts.
Atara and Murray Marmor have two children : Gila France and Schelomo.
While visiting her daughter in Ramat Bet Shemesh
(Israel
), at the age of 60, suddenly on the eve of the Jewish Festival of Sukkot
, on September 21, 2003, she died and was buried in Bet Shemesh. She had just decided with her husband Aliyah
to Israel.
Salagnac
Salagnac is a commune in the Dordogne department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.-History:During the creation of the French departments in 1790, it first joined the Corrèze department, it was reattached to the Dordogne department....
), Dordogne
Dordogne
Dordogne is a départment in south-west France. The départment is located in the region of Aquitaine, between the Loire valley and the High Pyrénées named after the great river Dordogne that runs through it...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, September 3, 1943 – Bet Shemesh
Bet Shemesh
Beit Shemesh is a city in Israel's Jerusalem District, with a population of 80,000. The history of Beit Shemesh goes back to pre-biblical times...
, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
, September 21, 2003) was a French
French people
The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
historian
Historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
.
Biography
Atara Marmor was born in Clairvivre (SalagnacSalagnac
Salagnac is a commune in the Dordogne department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.-History:During the creation of the French departments in 1790, it first joined the Corrèze department, it was reattached to the Dordogne department....
), Dordogne
Dordogne
Dordogne is a départment in south-west France. The départment is located in the region of Aquitaine, between the Loire valley and the High Pyrénées named after the great river Dordogne that runs through it...
. She was the daughter of rabbi David Feuerwerker
David Feuerwerker
- Born in Geneva :He was born on October 2, 1912, at 11 Rue du Mont-Blanc, in Geneva, Switzerland. He was the seventh of eleven children. His father Jacob Feuerwerker was born in Sighet, now Sighetu Marmatiei, Maramureş, then Hungary, now Rumania...
and of Antoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker was a French jurist and an active fighter in the French Resistance during the Second World War.-Biography:...
. She was the oldest of 6 children, all born in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, except her, who was born during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
At the time of her birth, her father was officially the rabbi of Brive-la-Gaillarde
Brive-la-Gaillarde
Brive-la-Gaillarde is a commune of France. It is a sub-prefecture of the Corrèze department. The population of the urban area was 89,260 as of 1999. Although it is by far the biggest commune in Corrèze, the capital is Tulle.-History:...
and three neighbouring Departments.
Her father, warned in 1944 of his imminent arrest by the Gestapo
Gestapo
The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
, through the network of the French Resistance
French Resistance
The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II...
, finds refuge in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, his native country, for the duration of the last six months of the war. Her mother, stays with her in France. She had beforehand found a potential refuge, for her and her baby. When the day came to hide, she went to those who had offered her help. But she was told : « It was too dangerous ! ». Without another alternative, Antoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker was a French jurist and an active fighter in the French Resistance during the Second World War.-Biography:...
found a haven in a catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
convent
Convent
A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns, or the building used by the community, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Anglican Communion...
. The mother and the daughter shared a cell and survived on potatoes and water.
At the Libération
Libération
Libération is a French daily newspaper founded in Paris by Jean-Paul Sartre and Serge July in 1973 in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. Originally a leftist newspaper, it has undergone a number of shifts during the 1980s and 1990s...
of France, rabbi David Feuerwerker becomes the Chief Rabbi of Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
, and, with his wife, he works at the reconstruction of French Jewry. Atara lives in Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
, from 1944 to 1946, living with her parents, quai Tilsit.
In 1946, rabbi David Feuerwerker is elected rabbi of Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.Although Neuilly is technically a suburb of Paris, it is immediately adjacent to the city and directly extends it. The area is composed of mostly wealthy, select residential...
. They live 12, Rue Ancelle. Atara will be involved in the epic of the SS Exodus. The money intended for this illegal transport was entrusted to Antoinette Feuerwerker. It’s in gold ingots. At the time, individuals didn’t possess the right to own them. Antoinette Feuerwerker seeks a place to hide them, before returning them. She chooses to place them, without her husband’s knowledge, under his bed. Her reasoning is that no one will suspect him. One day, Atara plays on the ground, and under the bed catches sight of the treasure.. Her mother told her, « These are golden buttons », in case the child talks, the news wouldn’t spread.
In 1948, rabbin David Feuerwerker becomes the rabbi of the second largest Synagogue of Paris, the Synagogue de la rue des Tournelles and the family lives at 14, place des Vosges
Place des Vosges
The Place des Vosges is the oldest planned square in Paris.It is located in the Marais district, and it straddles the dividing-line between the 3rd and 4th arrondissements of Paris.- History :...
, in the heart of Marais
Le Marais
Le Marais is a historic district in Paris, France. Long the aristocratic district of Paris, it hosts many outstanding buildings of historic and architectural importance...
, until 1966.
Atara goes to High School in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, notably at the Lycée Victor-Duruy and at the Lycée Fénelon.
In her late teens, she made a long stay in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, where she learns American English. She spent one year in Mansfield
Mansfield
Mansfield is a town in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the main town in the Mansfield local government district. Mansfield is a part of the Mansfield Urban Area....
(Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...
), living by Rabbi Harstein and his family. She got used to the mamerican way of life. She completed her High School
High school
High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....
diploma in Mansfield
Mansfield
Mansfield is a town in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the main town in the Mansfield local government district. Mansfield is a part of the Mansfield Urban Area....
.
She then moved to New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
. The wife of the Rebbe of Lubavitch, Menachem Mendel Schneerson
Menachem Mendel Schneerson
Menachem Mendel Schneerson , known as the Lubavitcher Rebbe or just the Rebbe among his followers, was a prominent Hasidic rabbi who was the seventh and last Rebbe of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement. He was fifth in a direct paternal line to the third Chabad-Lubavitch Rebbe, Menachem Mendel...
, the Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka Schneerson
Chaya Mushka Schneerson
Chaya Mushka Schneerson , referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin, was the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh and last Rebbe of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism. She was the second of three daughters of the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok...
, showed her the americain metropolis.
She studied in New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
at the Stern College for Women
Stern College for Women
Stern College for Women is the undergraduate women's college of arts and sciences at Yeshiva University. It is located at Yeshiva University's Israel Henry Beren Campus in the Murray Hill section of Manhattan....
of Yeshiva University
Yeshiva University
Yeshiva University is a private university in New York City, with six campuses in New York and one in Israel. Founded in 1886, it is a research university ranked as 45th in the US among national universities by U.S. News & World Report in 2012...
.
When the dean of the French poets, André Spire
André Spire
André Spire was a French poet, writer, and Zionist activist.-Biography:Born in 1868 in Nancy to a Jewish family of the middle bourgeoisie, long established in the Lorraine, Spire studied literature, then law...
died in 1966, rabbi David Feuerwerker lead his funerals. André Spire’s family requested intimate funerals in his litte village outside of Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, and requested the presence of Atara, the friend of the only child of the Spires, Marie-Brunette. She attended.
When her family settled in Montreal
Montreal
Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
, Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....
, Atara studied sociology
Sociology
Sociology is the study of society. It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity...
at the Université de Montréal
Université de Montréal
The Université de Montréal is a public francophone research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It comprises thirteen faculties, more than sixty departments and two affiliated schools: the École Polytechnique and HEC Montréal...
. She then completed her Master Thesis in History
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...
in 1976 on L'Histoire des mentalités : le concours de l'Académie de Metz dans les trois évêchés en 1785-1787-1788.
She spent several years researching for her Ph.D. in Architectural History on the famous architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was a German architect. He is commonly referred to and addressed as Mies, his surname....
and the School of the Bauhaus
Bauhaus
', commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term stood for "School of Building".The Bauhaus school was founded by...
.
Since a young age, she was interested in music (she had private classes violon with Monsieur Abraham Bourlinski, who will offer her a violin which will accompany her all through her life.).
She loves to paint. From her bedroom with a view on the famous Place des Vosges
Place des Vosges
The Place des Vosges is the oldest planned square in Paris.It is located in the Marais district, and it straddles the dividing-line between the 3rd and 4th arrondissements of Paris.- History :...
, she paints still lives or the former Place Royale.
Later, once married to Murray Marmor, a pharmacist in Montreal
Montreal
Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
, an art buff, she will become an expert in art and painting. The Marmors, collectors of de masterpieces will lend to Museums certain of their masterpieces or will make some gifts.
Atara and Murray Marmor have two children : Gila France and Schelomo.
While visiting her daughter in Ramat Bet Shemesh
Bet Shemesh
Beit Shemesh is a city in Israel's Jerusalem District, with a population of 80,000. The history of Beit Shemesh goes back to pre-biblical times...
(Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
), at the age of 60, suddenly on the eve of the Jewish Festival of Sukkot
Sukkot
Sukkot is a Biblical holiday celebrated on the 15th day of the month of Tishrei . It is one of the three biblically mandated festivals Shalosh regalim on which Hebrews were commanded to make a pilgrimage to the Temple in Jerusalem.The holiday lasts seven days...
, on September 21, 2003, she died and was buried in Bet Shemesh. She had just decided with her husband Aliyah
Aliyah
Aliyah is the immigration of Jews to the Land of Israel . It is a basic tenet of Zionist ideology. The opposite action, emigration from Israel, is referred to as yerida . The return to the Holy Land has been a Jewish aspiration since the Babylonian exile...
to Israel.