August Philip of Limburg Stirum
Encyclopedia
August Philipp Karl of Limburg Stirum, count of Limburg Stirum and Bronckhorst
, was born in 1721, son of Otto Leopold Count von Limburg Styrum und Bronckhorst
, Lord of Gemen
and Raesfeld
(1688 – 1754) and Anna Elisabeth countess of Schönborn
(born 1686, died 1757).
August Philipp was Prince-Bishop
of Speyer
and sovereign Lord zu Gemen
from 1771 till 1797. He died in 1797.
of Speyer
by his uncle prince-bishop Damian Hugo von Schönborn.
He started his theology studies in Rome in 1742, then continued in Würzburg. On 3 November 1753 he was named Subdeacon
of the cathedral of Speyer, and two years later as Deacon
. He succeeded Franz Christoph von Huttens as bishop on 25 May 1770.
During his time as bishop, Damian August Philipp Karl von Limburg Stirum added new defensive walls to Bruchsal
, as modern cannons made the existing defenses obsolete. The remains from these city walls can still be seen today. He also established a hospital, a school of Latin, and shelters for the poor.
On 1 October 1792, he was forced to flee from the French revolutionary army. He went to Veitshöchheim
, Augsburg
, and Freising
and came back to Bruchsal
on 20 April 1793. Three years later, on 21 September 1795, was he again overthrown by the French army. He settled in Freising and later in Passau
.
Prince-bishop Damian August Philipp Karl von Limburg-Stirum died in Passau on 26 February 1797 in Freudenhain castle. He was buried in the Cappucine chapel of Freudenhain. The church and the tomb were later destroyed during the revolution. His heart was however brought to Bruchsal on 21 March 1797 and placed in a silver urn in the tomb of the Prince Bishops in St. Peter's church. His successor, the last prince-bishop of Speyer, was Wilderich von Walderdorf until the German Mediatisation
in 1803.
The Fürst-Stirum-Klinik in Bruchsal was named after him.
Bronckhorst
Bronckhorst is the name of a municipality in Gelderland, the Netherlands. The municipality is the result of a merger of the former municipalities Hengelo, Hummelo en Keppel, Steenderen, Vorden and Zelhem, on 1 January 2005...
, was born in 1721, son of Otto Leopold Count von Limburg Styrum und Bronckhorst
Otto Leopold of Limburg Stirum
Otto Leopold of Limburg Stirum, count of Limburg Styrum and Bronckhorst, sovereign lord zu Gemen and Raesfeld, was born in 1688 the son of Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum....
, Lord of Gemen
Gemen
Gemen was an immediate, sovereign lordship of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Lower Rhine region. Since Gemen had a vote in the Imperial Diet it was also an Imperial Estate. It was centered on Gemen, a small town and castle in the present municipality of Borken, western North Rhine-Westphalia.Gemen...
and Raesfeld
Raesfeld
Raesfeld is a municipality in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approx. 10 km south of Borken and 30 km east of the Dutch border. Raesfeld's landmark is the water castle at the edge of town, built in the 13th century.-External links:* ...
(1688 – 1754) and Anna Elisabeth countess of Schönborn
Schönborn
- Places :* Schönborn, Brandenburg, in the Elbe-Elster district, Brandenburg* Bad Schönborn, in the district of Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg* Schönborn, Rhein-Hunsrück, in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, Rhineland-Palatinate...
(born 1686, died 1757).
August Philipp was Prince-Bishop
Prince-Bishop
A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office...
of Speyer
Bishopric of Speyer
The Bishopric of Speyer was a state, ruled by Prince-Bishops, in what is today the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was secularized in 1803...
and sovereign Lord zu Gemen
Gemen
Gemen was an immediate, sovereign lordship of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Lower Rhine region. Since Gemen had a vote in the Imperial Diet it was also an Imperial Estate. It was centered on Gemen, a small town and castle in the present municipality of Borken, western North Rhine-Westphalia.Gemen...
from 1771 till 1797. He died in 1797.
Life
At the age of 8 years, on 6 December 1729 Damian August Philipp Karl von Limburg-Stirum pronounced his vows. One year later, on 6 December 1730, he was made DomicellarCanon (priest)
A canon is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule ....
of Speyer
Speyer Cathedral
The Speyer Cathedral, officially the Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen, in Latin: Domus sanctae Mariae Spirae in Speyer, Germany, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Speyer and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bamberg. The cathedral, which is dedicated to St...
by his uncle prince-bishop Damian Hugo von Schönborn.
He started his theology studies in Rome in 1742, then continued in Würzburg. On 3 November 1753 he was named Subdeacon
Subdeacon
-Subdeacons in the Orthodox Church:A subdeacon or hypodeacon is the highest of the minor orders of clergy in the Orthodox Church. This order is higher than the reader and lower than the deacon.-Canonical Discipline:...
of the cathedral of Speyer, and two years later as Deacon
Deacon
Deacon is a ministry in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions...
. He succeeded Franz Christoph von Huttens as bishop on 25 May 1770.
During his time as bishop, Damian August Philipp Karl von Limburg Stirum added new defensive walls to Bruchsal
Bruchsal
Bruchsal is a city at the western edge of the Kraichgau, approximately 20 km northeast of Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany...
, as modern cannons made the existing defenses obsolete. The remains from these city walls can still be seen today. He also established a hospital, a school of Latin, and shelters for the poor.
On 1 October 1792, he was forced to flee from the French revolutionary army. He went to Veitshöchheim
Veitshöchheim
Veitshöchheim is a municipality in the district of Würzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Main, 6 km northwest of Würzburg. In the town is Schloss Veitshöchheim; this summer palace of the Prince-Bishops of Würzburg was built in 1680-82, and was enlarged to its...
, Augsburg
Augsburg
Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a...
, and Freising
Freising
Freising is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district Freising. Total population 48,500.The city is located north of Munich at the Isar river, near the Munich International Airport...
and came back to Bruchsal
Bruchsal
Bruchsal is a city at the western edge of the Kraichgau, approximately 20 km northeast of Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany...
on 20 April 1793. Three years later, on 21 September 1795, was he again overthrown by the French army. He settled in Freising and later in Passau
Passau
Passau is a town in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the Dreiflüssestadt or "City of Three Rivers," because the Danube is joined at Passau by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north....
.
Prince-bishop Damian August Philipp Karl von Limburg-Stirum died in Passau on 26 February 1797 in Freudenhain castle. He was buried in the Cappucine chapel of Freudenhain. The church and the tomb were later destroyed during the revolution. His heart was however brought to Bruchsal on 21 March 1797 and placed in a silver urn in the tomb of the Prince Bishops in St. Peter's church. His successor, the last prince-bishop of Speyer, was Wilderich von Walderdorf until the German Mediatisation
German Mediatisation
The German Mediatisation was the series of mediatisations and secularisations that occurred in Germany between 1795 and 1814, during the latter part of the era of the French Revolution and then the Napoleonic Era....
in 1803.
The Fürst-Stirum-Klinik in Bruchsal was named after him.
Literature
- Gustav Banholzer: Die Wirtschaftspolitik des Grafen August v. Limburg-Stirum zweitletzten Fürstbischofs von Speier (1770–1797). Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1926.