Auguste Chauveau
Encyclopedia
Jean-Baptiste "Auguste" Chauveau FMRS (November 23, 1827 – January 4, 1917) was a French professor and veterinarian
.
, he received his education at the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort
and the École Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon
. At the age of 21 he joined the staff at the latter institution, where in 1875 he became the school's director. In 1886 he was appointed professor of comparative pathology
at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
in Paris
.
Throughout his career Chauveau conducted investigations in the fields of microbiology
, virology
, biochemistry
, muscle thermodynamics
and cardiology
. With Étienne-Jules Marey
(1830-1904), he performed important studies involving the different phases of the cardiac cycle and intracardiac pressure. Also, he collaborated with Charles-Joseph Bouchard
(1837-1915) in the founding of the Journal de Physiologie et de Pathologie Générale.
In 1867 he made decisive experiments on the transmission of tuberculosis
and his work had an impact on public health regulations. He had a role in the invention of cardiac catheterization
.
He attracted the ire of a number of anti-vivisection
writers for his experiments on animals at the turn of the twentieth century.
The bacterial species Clostridium chauvoei
is named after him.
He was the author of Traité d'anatomie comparée des animaux domestiques, which was published in English as "The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals".
Veterinarian
A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals....
.
Life
Born in Villeneuve-la-GuyardVilleneuve-la-Guyard
Villeneuve-la-Guyard is a commune in the Yonne department in Burgundy in north-central France.-References:*...
, he received his education at the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort
École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort
The École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort is a school of veterinary medicine located at 7, avenue du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort, Val-de-Marne, Île-de-France, France...
and the École Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
. At the age of 21 he joined the staff at the latter institution, where in 1875 he became the school's director. In 1886 he was appointed professor of comparative pathology
Pathology
Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease. The word pathology is from Ancient Greek , pathos, "feeling, suffering"; and , -logia, "the study of". Pathologization, to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g. pathological gambling....
at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
The Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle is the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France.- History :The museum was formally founded on 10 June 1793, during the French Revolution...
in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
Throughout his career Chauveau conducted investigations in the fields of microbiology
Microbiology
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are defined as any microscopic organism that comprises either a single cell , cell clusters or no cell at all . This includes eukaryotes, such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes...
, virology
Virology
Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents: their structure, classification and evolution, their ways to infect and exploit cells for virus reproduction, the diseases they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy...
, biochemistry
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes...
, muscle thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a physical science that studies the effects on material bodies, and on radiation in regions of space, of transfer of heat and of work done on or by the bodies or radiation...
and cardiology
Cardiology
Cardiology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the heart . The field includes diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology...
. With Étienne-Jules Marey
Étienne-Jules Marey
Étienne-Jules Marey was a French scientist and chronophotographer.His work was significant in the development of cardiology, physical instrumentation, aviation, cinematography and the science of labor photography...
(1830-1904), he performed important studies involving the different phases of the cardiac cycle and intracardiac pressure. Also, he collaborated with Charles-Joseph Bouchard
Charles-Joseph Bouchard
Charles-Joseph Bouchard was a French pathologist born in Montier-en-Der, a commune the department of Haute-Marne. He studied medicine in Lyon and Paris, where he obtained his doctorate in 1866. In 1874 he became a physician at Bicêtre Hospital, and in 1879 was appointed chair of general pathology...
(1837-1915) in the founding of the Journal de Physiologie et de Pathologie Générale.
In 1867 he made decisive experiments on the transmission of tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
and his work had an impact on public health regulations. He had a role in the invention of cardiac catheterization
Cardiac catheterization
Cardiac catheterization is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart. This is done for both investigational and interventional purposes...
.
He attracted the ire of a number of anti-vivisection
Vivisection
Vivisection is defined as surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure...
writers for his experiments on animals at the turn of the twentieth century.
The bacterial species Clostridium chauvoei
Clostridium chauvoei
Clostridium chauvoei is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. It causes a disease called blackleg of cattle and sheep....
is named after him.
He was the author of Traité d'anatomie comparée des animaux domestiques, which was published in English as "The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals".
External links
- Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association- 1917 (biography)
- http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/c/clostridium.html List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, Clostridium chauvoei