Augustine Hindi
Encyclopedia
Mar Joseph V Augustine Hindi † was the patriarchal administrator of the Chaldean Catholic Church
from 1781 to 1827, since 1804 he considered himself Patriarch with the name of Joseph V and from 1812 to his death he actually governed both the patriarchal sees of Alqosh and Amid of the Church of the East
.
of Amid of the Church of the East was since 1681 in Full Communion
with the Holy See
and formed a little patriarchate including a few towns on the North-West mountains of Assyria
, like Amid itself and Mardin
, now in Turkey
. The patriarchs that rules over it are usually known as Josephine line, because all of them took the name of Joseph. Augustine Hindi was a nephew of Joseph IV Lazar Hindi
, the patriarch since 1759.
In the 18th century this patriarchate suffered a great financial crisis due to over taxation from Turkish
authorities, and the patriarch had to travel all over Europe trying to raise founds. Returned in Amid without success, after a few years Lazare Hindi resigned in August 1780 appointing his nephew Augustine Hindi as patriarchal administrator, without consecrating him bishop.
Rome did not recognized nor the appointment of Augustine, but only the resignation of Lazare Hindi, that were soon withdrawn. Lazare Hindi was imprisoned by Turkish
authorities in 1789 and escaped to Rome
in 1791 where he died in 1796. The hope of the Vatican
was to enter in Communion with the larger patriarchate of the Church of the East, the one with see in Alqosh
, in such a time divided between the two cousins Eliya Isho'yahb and Yohannan Hormizd
, the second of these who considered himself a Catholic.
Thus in 1791 the Vatican
appointed Yohannan Hormizd, already metropolitan of Mosul
and claiming the patriarchate, also as patriarchal administrator of Amid. The vehement complains of Lazare Hindi then in Rome forced Rome to reach an agreement: in 1793 Yohannan Hormizd withdrew from the see of Amid but Augustine Hindi could not be appointed Patriarch of the Chaldean Church.
In the next years Augustine gained respect for his reliability and endeared himself to the supporters of the Roman cause also in the area ruled Yohannan Hormizd, his competitor to the title of patriarch.
On 15 January 1802 Augustine Hindi was formally appointed metropolitan of Amid and patriarchal administrator and he was consecrated bishop
on September 8, 1804 by Isho'yahb Isha'ya Yohannan Gabriel
(or Jean Guriel), then Chaldean bishop of Salmas
.
As much as Augustine gained respect, Yohannan Hormizd was opposed by the Latin missionaries
and by the abbot
of the revitalized monastery of Rabban Hormizd
, the monk Gabriel Dambo of Mardin. After the suspension of Yohannan Hormizd as bishop of Mosul in 1812 because of his clashes with the monks of Rabban Hormizd, Augustine Hindi actually governed almost all the territory of both the patriarchal sees of Alqosh and Amid up to his death with the title of apostolic delegate for the Patriarchate of Babylon.
In 1818 Yohannan Hormizd was suspended also by his office of bishop (for about eight years) and on October 2 of the same year Augustine Hindi received from Rome the pallium
. Probably in good faith, Hindi believed that the pallium were the recognition of his title of Patriarch, under the name of Joseph V, claimed by him from 1804 and most Chaldeans called him patriarch. Even if never formally confirmed patriarch by Rome, Rome never publicly objected to such a title. In 1824 and 1825 Augustine appointed and consecrated some of his supporters as bishops, such as Joseph Audo
on March 25, 1825. Augustine died on April 3, 1827.
Chaldean Catholic Church
The Chaldean Catholic Church , is an Eastern Syriac particular church of the Catholic Church, maintaining full communion with the Bishop of Rome and the rest of the Catholic Church...
from 1781 to 1827, since 1804 he considered himself Patriarch with the name of Joseph V and from 1812 to his death he actually governed both the patriarchal sees of Alqosh and Amid of the Church of the East
Church of the East
The Church of the East tāʾ d-Maḏnḥāʾ), also known as the Nestorian Church, is a Christian church, part of the Syriac tradition of Eastern Christianity. Originally the church of the Persian Sassanid Empire, it quickly spread widely through Asia...
.
Life
The SeeEpiscopal See
An episcopal see is, in the original sense, the official seat of a bishop. This seat, which is also referred to as the bishop's cathedra, is placed in the bishop's principal church, which is therefore called the bishop's cathedral...
of Amid of the Church of the East was since 1681 in Full Communion
Full communion
In Christian ecclesiology, full communion is a relationship between church organizations or groups that mutually recognize their sharing the essential doctrines....
with the Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
and formed a little patriarchate including a few towns on the North-West mountains of Assyria
Assyria
Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur...
, like Amid itself and Mardin
Mardin
Mardin is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province, it is known for its Arabic-like architecture, and for its strategic location on a rocky mountain overlooking the plains of northern Syria.-History:...
, now in Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. The patriarchs that rules over it are usually known as Josephine line, because all of them took the name of Joseph. Augustine Hindi was a nephew of Joseph IV Lazar Hindi
Joseph IV (Chaldean Patriarch)
Mar Joseph IV Timotheus Lazar Hindi was the fourth incumbent of the Josephite line of Church of the East, a patriarchate in Full Communion with the pope mainly active in the areas of Amid and Mardin, thus being considered the Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1757 to 1796.-Life:Lazar...
, the patriarch since 1759.
In the 18th century this patriarchate suffered a great financial crisis due to over taxation from Turkish
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
authorities, and the patriarch had to travel all over Europe trying to raise founds. Returned in Amid without success, after a few years Lazare Hindi resigned in August 1780 appointing his nephew Augustine Hindi as patriarchal administrator, without consecrating him bishop.
Rome did not recognized nor the appointment of Augustine, but only the resignation of Lazare Hindi, that were soon withdrawn. Lazare Hindi was imprisoned by Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
authorities in 1789 and escaped to Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
in 1791 where he died in 1796. The hope of the Vatican
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
was to enter in Communion with the larger patriarchate of the Church of the East, the one with see in Alqosh
Alqosh
Alqōsh or Alqūsh is one of the most famous Assyrian towns of the mainly East Syrian rite in Iraq. It is located north of Mosul. The name Alqosh is derived from an Akkadian name Eil-Kushtu, where "Eil" means God and "Kushtu" means righteousness or power...
, in such a time divided between the two cousins Eliya Isho'yahb and Yohannan Hormizd
Yohannan Hormizd
Mar Yohannan VIII Hormizd was the last hereditary patriarch of the Eliya line of the Church of the East and the first patriarch of a united Chaldean Church...
, the second of these who considered himself a Catholic.
Thus in 1791 the Vatican
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
appointed Yohannan Hormizd, already metropolitan of Mosul
Mosul
Mosul , is a city in northern Iraq and the capital of the Ninawa Governorate, some northwest of Baghdad. The original city stands on the west bank of the Tigris River, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank, but the metropolitan area has now grown to encompass substantial...
and claiming the patriarchate, also as patriarchal administrator of Amid. The vehement complains of Lazare Hindi then in Rome forced Rome to reach an agreement: in 1793 Yohannan Hormizd withdrew from the see of Amid but Augustine Hindi could not be appointed Patriarch of the Chaldean Church.
In the next years Augustine gained respect for his reliability and endeared himself to the supporters of the Roman cause also in the area ruled Yohannan Hormizd, his competitor to the title of patriarch.
On 15 January 1802 Augustine Hindi was formally appointed metropolitan of Amid and patriarchal administrator and he was consecrated bishop
Bishop (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the sacrament of Holy Orders and is responsible for teaching the Catholic faith and ruling the Church....
on September 8, 1804 by Isho'yahb Isha'ya Yohannan Gabriel
Yohannan Gabriel
Ishoyahb Ishaya Yohannan Gabriel was bishop of Salmas of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1795 to his death.-Life:...
(or Jean Guriel), then Chaldean bishop of Salmas
Salmas (Chaldean Archdiocese)
For much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the district of Salmas in northwest Iran was an archdiocese of the Chaldean Catholic Church.- Early history :...
.
As much as Augustine gained respect, Yohannan Hormizd was opposed by the Latin missionaries
Catholic missions
As the church normally organizes itself along territorial lines, and because they had the human and material resources, religious orders—some even specializing in it—undertook most missionary work, especially in the early phases...
and by the abbot
Abbot
The word abbot, meaning father, is a title given to the head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not actually the head of a monastery...
of the revitalized monastery of Rabban Hormizd
Rabban Hormizd Monastery
Rabban Hormizd Monastery is an important monastery of the Chaldean Church. It is carved out in the mountains about 2 miles from Alqosh, Iraq, 28 miles north of Mosul...
, the monk Gabriel Dambo of Mardin. After the suspension of Yohannan Hormizd as bishop of Mosul in 1812 because of his clashes with the monks of Rabban Hormizd, Augustine Hindi actually governed almost all the territory of both the patriarchal sees of Alqosh and Amid up to his death with the title of apostolic delegate for the Patriarchate of Babylon.
In 1818 Yohannan Hormizd was suspended also by his office of bishop (for about eight years) and on October 2 of the same year Augustine Hindi received from Rome the pallium
Pallium
The pallium is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by him on metropolitans and primates as a symbol of the jurisdiction delegated to them by the Holy See. In that context it has always remained unambiguously...
. Probably in good faith, Hindi believed that the pallium were the recognition of his title of Patriarch, under the name of Joseph V, claimed by him from 1804 and most Chaldeans called him patriarch. Even if never formally confirmed patriarch by Rome, Rome never publicly objected to such a title. In 1824 and 1825 Augustine appointed and consecrated some of his supporters as bishops, such as Joseph Audo
Joseph Audo
Mar Joseph VI Audo † was the Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1847 to 1878.Joseph VI Audo was born in 1790 in Alqosh and in 1814 he became a monk of the monastery of Rabban Hormizd. He was ordained priest in 1818 and consecrated bishop of Mosul on the March 25, 1825 by the...
on March 25, 1825. Augustine died on April 3, 1827.