Augustus Pugin
Encyclopedia
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English architect
, designer, and theorist of design, now best remembered for his work in the Gothic Revival style, particularly churches and the Palace of Westminster
. Pugin was the father of E. W. Pugin
and Peter Paul Pugin
, who continued their father's architectural firm as Pugin and Pugin, and designed numerous buildings, including several in Australia and Ireland.
, who trained him to draw Gothic buildings
for use as illustrations in his books, and his wife Catherine Welby.
Between 1821 and 1838 Pugin and his father published a series of volumes of architectural drawing
s, the first two entitled, Specimens of Gothic Architecture, and the following three, Examples of Gothic Architecture, that were to remain both in print and the standard references for Gothic architecture for at least the next century.
Following the destruction by fire of the Palace of Westminster
in 1834, Pugin was employed by Sir Charles Barry
to work on the new Parliament buildings in London
. This followed shortly after a similar period of employment by Barry
for the interior design of King Edward's School, Birmingham
. He converted to Catholic
ism in 1835, but also designed and refurbished Anglican and Catholic churches throughout the country.
Other works include St Chad's Cathedral, Erdington Abbey
, and Oscott College, all in Birmingham
. He also designed the college buildings of St Patrick and St Mary in St. Patrick's College, Maynooth; though not the college chapel. His original plans included both a chapel and an aula maxima, neither of which were built due to financial constraints. The college chapel was designed by a follower of Pugin, the Irish architect J.J.McCarthy. Also in Ireland
, Pugin designed St. Mary's Cathedral in Killarney
, St. Aidan's Cathedral, Enniscorthy
(renovated in 1996) and the Dominican church of the Holy Cross in Tralee. He revised the plans for St. Michael's Church in Ballinasloe, Galway
.
, the house he built for himself in Ramsgate he would watch for ships aground off the Goodwin Sands
. He supplemented his income by the activity of wrecking
— using his lugger
"The Caroline" to salvage cargoes from wrecked and stranded ships.
His parents were married on 2nd Feb 1802 both in the French Catholic Chapel in King Street, Portman Square in London and in St Mary-le-Bone Anglican Church in London. This apparent double marriage was to comply with the Marriage Act 1753
.
The Talbots lived near the town of Newport, Shropshire
and Pugin was responsible for designing the oldest catholic church in Shropshire
, St Peter and Paul
,
, Australia
, John Bede Polding, met Pugin and was present when St. Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham and St. Giles' Catholic Church, Cheadle were officially opened. Polding persuaded Pugin to design a series of churches for him. Although a number of churches do not survive, St Francis Xavier's in Berrima, New South Wales
is regarded as a fine example of a Pugin church.
St Stephen’s Chapel in the cathedral grounds in Elizabeth St, Brisbane, was built to a design of AWN Pugin. Construction began in 1848, and the first Mass in the church was celebrated on 12 May 1850. In 1859 James Quinn was appointed Bishop of Brisbane, Brisbane becoming a diocese, and Pugin's small church became a cathedral. When the new cathedral of St Stephen was opened in 1874 the small Pugin church became a school room, and later church offices and storage room. It was several times threatened with demolition before its restoration in the 1990s.
In Sydney, there are several altered examples of his work , namely St Benedict's, Chippendale
; St Charles Borromeo, Ryde
; the former church of St Augustine of Hippo (next to the existing church), Balmain
; and St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta
, which was gutted by a fire in 1996 http://www.puginfoundation.org/buildings. Pugin's legacy in Australia, is particularly of the idea of what a church should look like:
After his death A.W. Pugin's two sons; E. W. Pugin
and Peter Paul Pugin, continued operating their father's architectural firm under the name Pugin and Pugin. This work includes most of the "Pugin" buildings in Australia and New Zealand.
A.W.N. Pugin died, at the age of 40, on 14 September 1852 as a result, not of insanity, but probably of the effects of syphilis
. His body is in a vault under the church that he designed next to The Grange in Ramsgate.
Pugin's legacy extends far beyond his own architectural designs. He was responsible for popularising a style and philosophy of architecture that reached into every corner of Victorian life. He influenced writers like John Ruskin
, and designers like William Morris
. His ideas were expressed in private and public architecture and art throughout Great Britain and beyond.
in Westmorland
. Believed to date from 1849, and probably some of the first houses to be built in Windermere
, the terrace of cottages was built for railway executives. A typical example is Old Codgers Cottage
currently used as a holiday cottage. The owners have researched its history to find that it was inhabited by the head drayman for the railway company on the 1861 census. One of the fireplaces is a copy of one of his in the Palace of Westminster.
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
, designer, and theorist of design, now best remembered for his work in the Gothic Revival style, particularly churches and the Palace of Westminster
Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom—the House of Lords and the House of Commons...
. Pugin was the father of E. W. Pugin
E. W. Pugin
Edward Welby Pugin was the eldest son of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin and Louisa Barton. His father, A. W. N. Pugin, was a famous architect and designer of Neo-Gothic architecture, and after his death in 1852 Edward took up his successful practice...
and Peter Paul Pugin
Peter Paul Pugin
Peter Paul Pugin was an English architect, son of Augustus Welby Pugin by his third wife Jane Knill. He was the half-brother of architect and designer Edward Welby Pugin....
, who continued their father's architectural firm as Pugin and Pugin, and designed numerous buildings, including several in Australia and Ireland.
Significance in the Gothic Revival
He was the son of a French draughtsman, Augustus Charles PuginAugustus Charles Pugin
Augustus Charles Pugin, born Auguste Charles Pugin, was an Anglo-French artist, architectural draughtsman, and writer on medieval architecture...
, who trained him to draw Gothic buildings
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
for use as illustrations in his books, and his wife Catherine Welby.
Between 1821 and 1838 Pugin and his father published a series of volumes of architectural drawing
Architectural drawing
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building that falls within the definition of architecture...
s, the first two entitled, Specimens of Gothic Architecture, and the following three, Examples of Gothic Architecture, that were to remain both in print and the standard references for Gothic architecture for at least the next century.
Following the destruction by fire of the Palace of Westminster
Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom—the House of Lords and the House of Commons...
in 1834, Pugin was employed by Sir Charles Barry
Charles Barry
Sir Charles Barry FRS was an English architect, best known for his role in the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster in London during the mid-19th century, but also responsible for numerous other buildings and gardens.- Background and training :Born on 23 May 1795 in Bridge Street, Westminster...
to work on the new Parliament buildings in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. This followed shortly after a similar period of employment by Barry
Charles Barry
Sir Charles Barry FRS was an English architect, best known for his role in the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster in London during the mid-19th century, but also responsible for numerous other buildings and gardens.- Background and training :Born on 23 May 1795 in Bridge Street, Westminster...
for the interior design of King Edward's School, Birmingham
King Edward's School, Birmingham
King Edward's School is an independent secondary school in Birmingham, England, founded by King Edward VI in 1552. It is part of the Foundation of the Schools of King Edward VI in Birmingham, and is widely regarded as one of the most academically successful schools in the country, according to...
. He converted to Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
ism in 1835, but also designed and refurbished Anglican and Catholic churches throughout the country.
Other works include St Chad's Cathedral, Erdington Abbey
Erdington Abbey
Erdington Abbey Church on Sutton Road, Erdington, Birmingham, England, is the more usual name of the grade II listed church of Saints Thomas and Edmund of Canterbury. It is the church of a Roman Catholic parish in the Archdiocese of Birmingham served by the Redemptorists...
, and Oscott College, all in Birmingham
Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 , and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a...
. He also designed the college buildings of St Patrick and St Mary in St. Patrick's College, Maynooth; though not the college chapel. His original plans included both a chapel and an aula maxima, neither of which were built due to financial constraints. The college chapel was designed by a follower of Pugin, the Irish architect J.J.McCarthy. Also in Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
, Pugin designed St. Mary's Cathedral in Killarney
Killarney
Killarney is a town in County Kerry, southwestern Ireland. The town is located north of the MacGillicuddy Reeks, on the northeastern shore of the Lough Lein/Leane which are part of Killarney National Park. The town and its surrounding region are home to St...
, St. Aidan's Cathedral, Enniscorthy
St. Aidan's Cathedral
St. Aidan's Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ferns. It is located in Enniscorthy, County Wexford in Ireland. It was built in 1843 and was designed by Augustus Welby Pugin. The saint to whom the cathedral is dedicated is Máedóc of Ferns , also known as Áedan or...
(renovated in 1996) and the Dominican church of the Holy Cross in Tralee. He revised the plans for St. Michael's Church in Ballinasloe, Galway
Galway
Galway or City of Galway is a city in County Galway, Republic of Ireland. It is the sixth largest and the fastest-growing city in Ireland. It is also the third largest city within the Republic and the only city in the Province of Connacht. Located on the west coast of Ireland, it sits on the...
.
Pugin the man
Pugin's attention was not entirely taken up by architecture. From the tower of The GrangeThe Grange, Ramsgate
The Grange in Ramsgate, Kent, on the coast in southern England was the home of the Victorian architect and designer August Pugin. It was designed by him in the Victorian Gothic style....
, the house he built for himself in Ramsgate he would watch for ships aground off the Goodwin Sands
Goodwin Sands
The Goodwin Sands is a 10-mile-long sand bank in the English Channel, lying six miles east off Deal in Kent, England. The Brake Bank lying shorewards is part of the same geological unit. As the shoals lie close to major shipping channels, more than 2,000 ships are believed to have been wrecked...
. He supplemented his income by the activity of wrecking
Wrecking (shipwreck)
Wrecking is the practice of taking valuables from a shipwreck which has foundered near or close to shore. Often an unregulated activity of opportunity in coastal communities, wrecking has been subjected to increasing regulation and evolved into what is now known as marine salvage...
— using his lugger
Lugger
A lugger is a class of boats, widely used as traditional fishing boats, particularly off the coasts of France, Scotland and England. It is a small sailing vessel with lugsails set on two or more masts and perhaps lug topsails.-Defining the rig:...
"The Caroline" to salvage cargoes from wrecked and stranded ships.
His parents were married on 2nd Feb 1802 both in the French Catholic Chapel in King Street, Portman Square in London and in St Mary-le-Bone Anglican Church in London. This apparent double marriage was to comply with the Marriage Act 1753
Marriage Act 1753
The Marriage Act 1753, full title "An Act for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage", popularly known as Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act , was the first statutory legislation in England and Wales to require a formal ceremony of marriage. It came into force on 25 March 1754...
.
Palace of Westminster
Pugin's biographer Rosemary Hill (God's Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain (2007)) shows that Barry may have designed the Palace as a whole and that only he could coordinate such a large project and dealing with its difficult paymasters, but he relied entirely on Pugin for its Gothic interiors, wallpapers and furnishings, including the royal thrones and the Palace's clock tower in which Big Ben hangs. It is very close in form to earlier Pugin designs, including one for Scarisbrick Hall. The tower was Pugin's last design before descending into madness and dying. In her biography, Hill quotes Pugin as writing of what is probably his best known building: "I never worked so hard in my life [as] for Mr Barry for tomorrow I render all the designs for finishing his bell tower and it is beautiful."Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury
Newport, Shropshire
Newport is a market town in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England. It lies some north of Telford and some west of Stafford sitting on the Shropshire/Staffordshire border...
and Pugin was responsible for designing the oldest catholic church in Shropshire
Shropshire
Shropshire is a county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county is a NUTS 3 region and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. It borders Wales to the west...
, St Peter and Paul
St Peter and Paul Church, Newport
St. Peter and Pauls Church is a Catholic Church in Newport, Shropshire, England.Salters Hall is in Salters lane, Newport, Shropshire, attached to the Church of Saints Peter and Paul and was designed by Angustus Pugin....
,
Pugin in Ireland
Pugin was invited to Ireland by the Redmond family to work initially in the South East in Co. Wexford. He arrived in Ireland in 1838 at a time of greater religious tolerance, when Catholic churches were permitted to be built. Most of his work in Ireland consisted of religious work. Pugin demanded the highest quality of workmanship from his craftsmen, particularly the stonemasons who were well able for him. His subsequent visits to the country were infrequent and of short duration.Buildings in Ireland attributed to Pugin
- Church of Assumption of Mary, Bree, Co. Wexford. 1837 - 1839. Patronage from the Redmond family.
- St. Peter's College, Summerhill Road, Wexford, Co. Wexford. Chapel.1838-1841. 6 bay chapel integrated as part of the College. Built in Wexford red sandstone. Various Pugin elements including stations of cross, balcony, rood screen etc.removed in renovation of 1950.
- Church of St. James's, Ramsgrange, Co. Wexford. 1838- 1843.
- Chapel at Loreto Abbey, Rathfarnham, Dublin 16. Currently vacant and out of use.
- Church of St. Michael the Archangel, Gorey, Co. Wexford. 1839 -1842. Cruciform plan in Romanesque style. 9 bay nave. Low square tower over the crossing. The design may have been influenced by Dunbrody Abbey, Co. Wexford. Built in Ballyscartin limestone with Wicklow granite dressings. Spire not constructed. Patronage of Sir. Thomas Esmonde and family.
- Loreto Convent, St. Michaels Road, Gorey, Co. Wexford. 1842-1844.
- St. Mary's Cathedral, Killarney, co. Kerry. 1842 - 1856. Cruciform early English style in limestone. Much modified. 12 bay nave and spire over the crossing completed by others.
- Two Villas, Cobh, Co. Cork. 1842 for 5th. Viscount Midleton.
- Church of St. Mary's, Tagoat, Co. Wexford. 1843- 1848. Cruciform plan. 5 bay nave and aisles. Contains Pugin brasses, tiles etc. Damaged in fire 1936.
- St. Aidan's Cathedral, Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford. 1843- 1860. Cruciform plan.
- Church of St. Alphonsus or Blessed Virgin Mary, Barntown, Co.Wexford. 1844 -1848. 7 bay church with nave and aisles. Scissors roof truss. Design may be based on an early church at Stanton, Cambridgeshire. Interior much modified.
- Houses, Midleton, Co. Cork. For Viscount Midleton. 1845.
- St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, co. Kildare. 1845 - 1850. Quadrangles.
- Presentation Convent, Waterford, Co. Waterford. Quadrangle and internal cloister.
- Presentation Monastery, Port Road, Killarney, Co. Kerry. 1846 -1862.
- Adare Manor, Adare, Co. Limerick. 1846. Alterations including hall ceiling, staircase, gallery etc.
- St. John's Convent of Mercy, Birr, Co. Offaly. 1846 - 1856. completed by E.W. Pugin.
Pugin and Australia
The first Catholic bishop of New South WalesNew South Wales
New South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, John Bede Polding, met Pugin and was present when St. Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham and St. Giles' Catholic Church, Cheadle were officially opened. Polding persuaded Pugin to design a series of churches for him. Although a number of churches do not survive, St Francis Xavier's in Berrima, New South Wales
Berrima, New South Wales
Berrima is an historic village in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. The village, once a major town, is located on the Old Hume Highway between Canberra and Sydney. It was previously known officially as the Town of Berrima...
is regarded as a fine example of a Pugin church.
St Stephen’s Chapel in the cathedral grounds in Elizabeth St, Brisbane, was built to a design of AWN Pugin. Construction began in 1848, and the first Mass in the church was celebrated on 12 May 1850. In 1859 James Quinn was appointed Bishop of Brisbane, Brisbane becoming a diocese, and Pugin's small church became a cathedral. When the new cathedral of St Stephen was opened in 1874 the small Pugin church became a school room, and later church offices and storage room. It was several times threatened with demolition before its restoration in the 1990s.
In Sydney, there are several altered examples of his work , namely St Benedict's, Chippendale
Chippendale, New South Wales
Chippendale is a small inner-city suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Chippendale is located on the southern edge of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Sydney...
; St Charles Borromeo, Ryde
Ryde, New South Wales
Ryde is a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Ryde is located 13 km north-west of the Sydney central business district and 8 km east of Parramatta. Ryde is the administrative centre of the local government area of the City of Ryde and part of the Northern Suburbs area...
; the former church of St Augustine of Hippo (next to the existing church), Balmain
Balmain, New South Wales
Balmain is a suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Balmain is located slightly west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Municipality of Leichhardt....
; and St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta
St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta
St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta and the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia.-History:...
, which was gutted by a fire in 1996 http://www.puginfoundation.org/buildings. Pugin's legacy in Australia, is particularly of the idea of what a church should look like:
Pugin's notion was that Gothic was Christian and Christian was Gothic, ... It became the way people built churches and perceived churches should be. Even today if you ask someone what a church should look like, they'll describe a Gothic building with pointed windows and arches. Right across Australia, from outback towns with tiny churches made out of corrugated iron with a little pointed door and pointed windows, to our very greatest cathedrals, you have buildings which are directly related to Pugin's ideas.
After his death A.W. Pugin's two sons; E. W. Pugin
E. W. Pugin
Edward Welby Pugin was the eldest son of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin and Louisa Barton. His father, A. W. N. Pugin, was a famous architect and designer of Neo-Gothic architecture, and after his death in 1852 Edward took up his successful practice...
and Peter Paul Pugin, continued operating their father's architectural firm under the name Pugin and Pugin. This work includes most of the "Pugin" buildings in Australia and New Zealand.
Later years
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The primary route of transmission is through sexual contact; however, it may also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy or at birth, resulting in congenital syphilis...
. His body is in a vault under the church that he designed next to The Grange in Ramsgate.
Pugin's legacy extends far beyond his own architectural designs. He was responsible for popularising a style and philosophy of architecture that reached into every corner of Victorian life. He influenced writers like John Ruskin
John Ruskin
John Ruskin was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, also an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects ranging from geology to architecture, myth to ornithology, literature to education, and botany to political...
, and designers like William Morris
William Morris
William Morris 24 March 18343 October 1896 was an English textile designer, artist, writer, and socialist associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the English Arts and Crafts Movement...
. His ideas were expressed in private and public architecture and art throughout Great Britain and beyond.
House designs, with approximate date of design and current condition
- St Marie’s Grange, AlderburyAlderburyAlderbury & Whaddon are two small adjacent villages three miles south-east of Salisbury, Wiltshire, England with a population of about 2,000. They are bypassed by the A36 road, which links them to Southampton and Salisbury.-External links:****...
(1835) – altered; a private house - Derby presbytery (1838) – demolished
- Scarisbrick Hall (1837) – largely intact; a school
- Uttoxeter presbytery (1838) – largely intact; in use
- Keighley presbytery (1838) – altered; in use
- Bishop’s House, BirminghamBirminghamBirmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 , and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a...
(1840) – demolished - Warwick Bridge presbytery – intact with minor alterations; in use
- Clergy House, NottinghamNottinghamNottingham is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and represents one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group...
(1841) – largely intact; in use - Garendon Hall scheme (1841) – not executed
- Bilton GrangeBilton GrangeBilton Grange is a preparatory school located in Dunchurch, near Rugby, Warwickshire. The present headmaster is Mr. JP Kirk, the eighth in total....
(1841) – intact; now a school - Oxenford Grange farm buildings (1841) – intact; private house and farm
- Cheadle presbytery (1842) – largely intact; now a private house
- Woolwich presbytery (1842) – largely intact; in use
- Brewood presbytery (1842) – largely intact; in use
- St Augustine’s GrangeThe Grange, RamsgateThe Grange in Ramsgate, Kent, on the coast in southern England was the home of the Victorian architect and designer August Pugin. It was designed by him in the Victorian Gothic style....
(“The Grange”), RamsgateRamsgateRamsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in east Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century and is a member of the ancient confederation of Cinque Ports. It has a population of around 40,000. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline and its main...
(1843) – restored by the Landmark TrustLandmark TrustThe Landmark Trust is a British building conservation charity, founded in 1965 by Sir John and Lady Smith, that rescues buildings of historic interest or architectural merit and then gives them a new life by making them available for holiday rental... - Alton CastleAlton CastleAlton Castle is in the village of Alton, Staffordshire. The castle is also known as or referred to in historical documents as Alverton or Aulton. The remains of the castle have been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building. It is also a scheduled ancient monument...
(1843) – intact; a Catholic youth centre - Oswaldcroft, LiverpoolLiverpoolLiverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...
(1844) – altered; a residential home - Dartington Hall scheme (1845) – unexecuted
- Lanteglos-by-Camelford rectory (1846) – much altered; an hotel
- Rampisham rectory (1846) – unaltered; private house
- Woodchester ParkWoodchester MansionWoodchester Mansion is an unfinished, Gothic revival mansion house located in Woodchester Park near Nympsfield in Woodchester, Gloucestershire, England...
scheme (1846) – unexecuted - Fulham presbytery (1847) – intact; in use
- Leighton Hall, PowysLeighton Hall, PowysLeighton Hall is an estate and farming complex, located outside Welshpool in Powys, Wales. A grade 1 listed building and estate farming complex, located on the opposite side of the valley to Powis Castle...
(1847) – intact; in use - Banwell CastleBanwell CastleBanwell Castle is a Victorian Gothic Revival mansion in Banwell, Somerset, England. It is a Grade II* listed building. The castle buildings, now a hotel and restaurant, and sometimes used as a wedding venue, are set in of grounds which are used for hawking activities.-History:The land on which...
(1847) - intact now a hotel and restaurant - Wilburton Manor House (1848) – largely intact; a school
- Pugins Hall (1850) - intact, a private house
Institutional designs
- Convent of Mercy, BermondseyBermondseyBermondsey is an area in London on the south bank of the river Thames, and is part of the London Borough of Southwark. To the west lies Southwark, to the east Rotherhithe, and to the south, Walworth and Peckham.-Toponomy:...
(1838) – destroyed - Mount St. Bernard AbbeyMount St. Bernard AbbeyMount St Bernard's Abbey is a Cistercian monastery of the Strict Observance near Whitwick in Leicestershire, England, founded in 1835. Its present Superior is Dom Joseph Delargy....
(1839) – largely intact; in use - Downside AbbeyDownside AbbeyThe Basilica of St Gregory the Great at Downside, commonly known as Downside Abbey, is a Roman Catholic Benedictine monastery and the Senior House of the English Benedictine Congregation. One of its main apostolates is a school for children aged nine to eighteen...
schemes (1839 and 1841) – unexecuted - Convent of Mercy, HandsworthHandsworth, West MidlandsHandsworth is an inner city area of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. The Local Government Act 1894 divided the ancient Staffordshire parish of Handsworth into two urban districts: Handsworth and Perry Barr. Handsworth was annexed to the county borough of Birmingham in Warwickshire in 1911...
1840 – largely intact; in use - St John’s Hospital, AltonAlton, StaffordshireAlton is a village in the county of Staffordshire, England. It is noted for the theme park Alton Towers, built around the site of Alton Mansion , which was owned by the Earls of Shrewsbury and designed by Augustus Pugin....
(1841) – intact; in use - Convent of St Joseph, school and almshouses, Chelsea, LondonChelsea, LondonChelsea is an area of West London, England, bounded to the south by the River Thames, where its frontage runs from Chelsea Bridge along the Chelsea Embankment, Cheyne Walk, Lots Road and Chelsea Harbour. Its eastern boundary was once defined by the River Westbourne, which is now in a pipe above...
(1841) – altered; used as a school - Convent of Mercy, LiverpoolLiverpoolLiverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...
(1841 – and from 1847) – demolished - Spechley school and schoolmaster’s house (1841) – intact, now a private house
- Balliol College, OxfordBalliol College, OxfordBalliol College , founded in 1263, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England but founded by a family with strong Scottish connections....
, scheme (1843) – unexecuted - Ratcliffe College (1843) – partially executed; largely intact; in use
- LiverpoolLiverpoolLiverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...
Orphanage (1843) – demolished - Magdalen College SchoolMagdalen College School, OxfordMagdalen College School is an independent school for boys aged 7 to 18 and girls in the sixth form, located on The Plain in Oxford, England. It was founded as part of Magdalen College, Oxford by William Waynflete in 1480....
, OxfordOxfordThe city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
, schemes (1843-4) – unexecuted - Convent of Mercy, NottinghamNottinghamNottingham is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and represents one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group...
(1844) – altered; private flats - Mercy House and cloisters, Handsworth (1844-5) – cloisters intact; otherwise destroyed
- Cotton College (1846) – derelict
- St Anne’s Bedehouses, Lincoln, (1847) – intact; in use
- Convent of the Good Shepherd, HammersmithHammersmithHammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in west London, England, in the United Kingdom, approximately five miles west of Charing Cross on the north bank of the River Thames...
, LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
(1848) – demolished - Convent of St Joseph’s, Cheadle (1848) – largely intact; private house
- King Edward's School, BirminghamKing Edward's School, BirminghamKing Edward's School is an independent secondary school in Birmingham, England, founded by King Edward VI in 1552. It is part of the Foundation of the Schools of King Edward VI in Birmingham, and is widely regarded as one of the most academically successful schools in the country, according to...
(design of parts of interior) (1838) –
Major ecclesiastical designs
- St James'St James' Church, ReadingSt James's Church is a Roman Catholic church situated in the centre of the town of Reading in the English county of Berkshire. It is located adjacent to the remaining ruins of Reading Abbey, between the Forbury Gardens and Reading Gaol....
, ReadingReading, BerkshireReading is a large town and unitary authority area in England. It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some west of London....
(1837) – altered - St Mary’sSt Mary's Church, DerbySt Mary's Church is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Derby, England. A Grade II* listed building, it stands on Bridge Gate overlooking St Alkmund's Way. The church was designed by architect A. W. N. Pugin-History:...
, DerbyDerbyDerby , is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands region of England. It lies upon the banks of the River Derwent and is located in the south of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. In the 2001 census, the population of the city was 233,700, whilst that of the Derby Urban Area was 229,407...
(1837) – altered - Oscott College Chapel (1837-8) – extant
- Our Lady and St Thomas of Canterbury, DudleyDudleyDudley is a large town in the West Midlands county of England. At the 2001 census , the Dudley Urban Sub Area had a population of 194,919, making it the 26th largest settlement in England, the second largest town in the United Kingdom behind Reading, and the largest settlement in the UK without...
(1838) – altered - St Anne’s, KeighleyKeighleyKeighley is a town and civil parish within the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. It is situated northwest of Bradford and is at the confluence of the River Aire and the River Worth...
(1838) – altered and extended - St Alban’sSt Alban's Church, MacclesfieldSt Alban's Church, Macclesfield, is in Chester Road, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. It is an active Roman Catholic parish church. The church has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building...
, MacclesfieldMacclesfieldMacclesfield is a market town within the unitary authority of Cheshire East, the county palatine of Chester, also known as the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The population of the Macclesfield urban sub-area at the time of the 2001 census was 50,688...
(1838) – extant - St Benedict Abbey (OultonOulton, StaffordshireOulton is a small village in English county of Staffordshire. The village is located north of the market town of Stone and near to the Trent and Mersey Canal.The village achieved prominent positions in Staffordshire's Best Kept Village Awards in 2009 and 2010...
Abbey), StoneStone, StaffordshireStone is an old market town in Staffordshire, England, situated about seven miles north of Stafford, and around seven miles south of the city of Stoke-on-Trent. It is the second town, after Stafford itself, in the Borough of Stafford, and has long been of importance from the point of view of...
, StaffordshireStaffordshireStaffordshire is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county is a NUTS 3 region and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders...
(1854) – complete and in use as a nursing home - St Marie’s, Ducie Street, ManchesterManchesterManchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
(1838) – not executed - St Augustine’s, SolihullSolihullSolihull is a town in the West Midlands of England with a population of 94,753. It is a part of the West Midlands conurbation and is located 9 miles southeast of Birmingham city centre...
(1838) – altered and extended - St Marie’s, SouthportSouthportSouthport is a seaside town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. During the 2001 census Southport was recorded as having a population of 90,336, making it the eleventh most populous settlement in North West England...
(1838) – altered - St Marie’s, UttoxeterUttoxeterUttoxeter is a historic market town in Staffordshire, in the West Midlands region of England. The current population is approximately 13,711, though new developments in the town will increase this figure. Uttoxeter lies close to the River Dove and is near the cities of Stoke-on-Trent, Derby and...
(1839) – altered - St Wilfred’s, HulmeHulmeHulme is an inner city area and electoral ward of Manchester, England. Located immediately south of Manchester city centre, it is an area with significant industrial heritage....
, ManchesterManchesterManchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
(1839) – extant - Chancel of St John’s, BanburyBanburyBanbury is a market town and civil parish on the River Cherwell in the Cherwell District of Oxfordshire. It is northwest of London, southeast of Birmingham, south of Coventry and north northwest of the county town of Oxford...
(1839) – extant - St Chad’s, BirminghamBirminghamBirmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 , and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a...
(1839) – extant - St Giles’, Cheadle (1840) – extant
- St Oswald’s, Liverpool (1840) – only tower remains
- St George’s CathedralSt George's Cathedral, SouthwarkSt George's Cathedral, Southwark, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Archdiocese of Southwark, south London.The Cathedral is the Mother Church of the Roman Catholic Province of Southwark which covers the Archdiocese of Southwark and the Dioceses of Arundel and Brighton, Portsmouth, and Plymouth...
, SouthwarkSouthwarkSouthwark is a district of south London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Southwark. Situated east of Charing Cross, it forms one of the oldest parts of London and fronts the River Thames to the north...
, LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
(1840) – almost entirely rebuilt after World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
bombing - Holy Trinity, Radford, OxfordshireRadford, OxfordshireRadford is a hamlet on the River Glyme in Enstone civil parish about east of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire.A.W.N. Pugin designed the Roman Catholic chapel of the Holy Trinity in a Gothic Revival version of Early English Gothic. It was built in 1841....
(1839) – extant - Our Lady and St Wilfred, Warwick BridgeWarwick BridgeWarwick Bridge is a village in the City of Carlisle District of the county of Cumbria, England.- Location :It is located on the River Eden and also near the River Irthing and is on the A69 road, about seven miles away from the small city of Carlisle and about seven miles away from the small town of...
(1840) – extant - St Marie’s, BrewoodBrewoodBrewood refers both to a settlement, which was once a town but is now a village, in South Staffordshire, England, and to the civil parish of which it is the centre. Located around , Brewood village lies near the River Penk, eight miles north of Wolverhampton city centre and eleven miles south of...
(1840) – extant - St Marie’s, LiverpoolLiverpoolLiverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...
(1841) – demolished - St Augustine’s, KenilworthKenilworthKenilworth is a town in central Warwickshire, England. In 2001 the town had a population of 22,582 . It is situated south of Coventry, north of Warwick and northwest of London....
(1841) – extant - St Mary’s, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1841) – extant, with tower by C. Hansom
- St Barnabas’ CathedralNottingham CathedralThe Cathedral Church of St. Barnabas in the city of Nottingham, England, is a cathedral of the Roman Catholic church. It is the mother church of the Diocese of Nottingham and seat of the Bishop of Nottingham.-Location:...
, NottinghamNottinghamNottingham is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and represents one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group...
(1841) – extant - St Mary’s, Stockton-on-TeesStockton-on-TeesStockton-on-Tees is a market town in north east England. It is the major settlement in the unitary authority and borough of Stockton-on-Tees. For ceremonial purposes, the borough is split between County Durham and North Yorkshire as it also incorporates a number of smaller towns including...
(1841) – extant - Jesus Chapel, Ackworth Grange, PontefractPontefractPontefract is an historic market town in West Yorkshire, England. Traditionally in the West Riding, near the A1 , the M62 motorway and Castleford. It is one of the five towns in the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield and has a population of 28,250...
(1841) – demolished - St Peter’s, WoolwichWoolwichWoolwich is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Greenwich. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.Woolwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created...
(1842) – extended - St Winifrede’s, ShepshedShepshedShepshed, often known until 1888 as Sheepshed, is a town in Leicestershire, England with a population of around 14,000 people...
(1842) – now a private house - Old St Peter and St Paul's Church, AlburyOld St Peter and St Paul's Church, AlburyOld St Peter and St Paul's Church, Albury, is a redundant Anglican church near the village of Albury, Surrey, England. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust...
, Albury ParkAlbury ParkAlbury Park is a country park and Grade II* listed historic country house in Surrey, England. It covers over ; within this area is the old village of Albury, which consists of three or four houses and a church. The River Tillingbourne runs through the grounds.-Pre-1890:The Saxon Old St Peter and...
(mortuary chapelMorgueA morgue or mortuary is used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification, or removal for autopsy or disposal by burial, cremation or otherwise...
) (1842) – extant - ReredosReredosthumb|300px|right|An altar and reredos from [[St. Josaphat's Roman Catholic Church|St. Josaphat Catholic Church]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. This would be called a [[retable]] in many other languages and countries....
of Leeds CathedralLeeds CathedralLeeds Cathedral, formally The Cathedral Church of St Anne, commonly known as Saint Anne's Cathedral, is the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Diocese of Leeds, and is the seat of the Bishop of Leeds. It is in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England...
(1842) – transferred to rebuilt cathedral 1902, restored 2007 - Our Lady and St Thomas, NorthamptonNorthamptonNorthampton is a large market town and local government district in the East Midlands region of England. Situated about north-west of London and around south-east of Birmingham, Northampton lies on the River Nene and is the county town of Northamptonshire. The demonym of Northampton is...
(1844) – Subsequently enlarged in stages forming St Mary and St Thomas RC Northampton CathedralNorthampton CathedralThe Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Thomas is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Northampton, England. It is the seat of the Bishop of Northampton and mother church of the Diocese of Northampton which covers the counties of Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and that part of Berkshire ... - St Marie’s, WymeswoldWymeswoldWymeswold is a village and civil parish in the Charnwood district of Leicestershire, England. It is in the north of Leicestershire, and north-east of Loughborough. It has a population of about 1,000...
(restoration) (1844) – extant - St Wilfrid’s, Cotton (1844) – extant
- St Peter’s, MarlowMarlow, BuckinghamshireMarlow is a town and civil parish within Wycombe district in south Buckinghamshire, England...
(1845) – extant - St John the Evangelist ("The Willows"), Kirkham, LancashireKirkham, LancashireKirkham, or as it once was known, Kirkam-in-Amounderness is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, midway between Blackpool and Preston and adjacent to the smaller town of Wesham. It owes its existence to Carr Hill upon which it was built and which was the location...
(1845) – extant - St Augustine’s, Ramsgate (1845) – extant
- St Marie’s, RugbyRugby, WarwickshireRugby is a market town in Warwickshire, England, located on the River Avon. The town has a population of 61,988 making it the second largest town in the county...
(1845) – much added to - St Lawrence’s, Tubney (1845) – extant
- St Edmund's College chapel, Old Hall GreenOld Hall GreenOld Hall Green is a village in Hertfordshire, England.In 1793, an academy, St. Edmund's College, Ware, was established there which provided a school for Catholic boys and a seminary to train priests serving England's recusant community. St Edmund's College was one of two facilities which replaced...
1846 – extant - St Marie’s, West Tofts (1845) – disused and inaccessible
- St Thomas of Canterbury, FulhamFulhamFulham is an area of southwest London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, SW6 located south west of Charing Cross. It lies on the left bank of the Thames, between Putney and Chelsea. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London...
(1847) – extant - St Osmond’s, SalisburySalisburySalisbury is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England and the only city in the county. It is the second largest settlement in the county...
(1847) – much added to - Chancel of St Oswald's Church, WinwickSt Oswald's Church, WinwickSt Oswald's Church, Winwick, is in the village of Winwick to the north of Warrington, Cheshire, England. The church has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Liverpool, the archdeaconry of Warrington and the...
(1847) – extant - Old Codgers Cottage (Windermere) (1847) – Lake District Holiday Cottage
- Erdington AbbeyErdington AbbeyErdington Abbey Church on Sutton Road, Erdington, Birmingham, England, is the more usual name of the grade II listed church of Saints Thomas and Edmund of Canterbury. It is the church of a Roman Catholic parish in the Archdiocese of Birmingham served by the Redemptorists...
, BirminghamBirminghamBirmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 , and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a...
(1848) - Chapel restoration, Jesus College, CambridgeJesus College, CambridgeJesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England.The College was founded in 1496 on the site of a Benedictine nunnery by John Alcock, then Bishop of Ely...
(1849) – extant - Rolle Mortuary Chapel, Bicton Grange, Bicton (1850) – extant
- St Nicholas' Church, BoldmereBoldmereBoldmere is a residential area of Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. It is bordered by New Oscott, Sutton Park, Wylde Green and Erdington, and is in the ward of Sutton Vesey.- Toponymy :...
, Sutton ColdfieldSutton ColdfieldSutton Coldfield is a suburb of Birmingham, in the West Midlands of England. Sutton is located about from central Birmingham but has borders with Erdington and Kingstanding. Sutton is in the northeast of Birmingham, with a population of 105,000 recorded in the 2001 census...
(1841) – demolished - St James the-Less, RawtenstallRawtenstallRawtenstall is a town at the centre of the Rossendale Valley, in Lancashire, England. It is the seat for the Borough of Rossendale, in which it is located. The town lies 18 miles north of Manchester, 22 miles east of the county town of Preston and 45 miles south east of Lancaster...
(1844) – extant, restored 1993-1995
Railway cottages
Slightly less grand than the above are the railway cottages at Windermere railway stationWindermere railway station
Windermere railway station is the railway station that serves Windermere in Cumbria, England. It is just south of the A591, about 15 min walk or a short bus ride from the lake. The station is located behind a branch of the Booths supermarket chain, which occupies the site of the original station...
in Westmorland
Westmorland
Westmorland is an area of North West England and one of the 39 historic counties of England. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974, after which the entirety of the county was absorbed into the new county of Cumbria.-Early history:...
. Believed to date from 1849, and probably some of the first houses to be built in Windermere
Windermere (town)
Windermere is a town and civil parish in the South Lakeland District of Cumbria, England. It has a population of 8,245. It lies about half a mile away from the lake, Windermere...
, the terrace of cottages was built for railway executives. A typical example is Old Codgers Cottage
Old Codgers Cottage
Old Codgers Cottage was built in 1847 by Augustus Pugin who was responsible for building the Palace of Westminster. He was commissioned by the Kendal and Windermere Railway company to build the properties for their staff when the new Windermere railway station was being built...
currently used as a holiday cottage. The owners have researched its history to find that it was inhabited by the head drayman for the railway company on the 1861 census. One of the fireplaces is a copy of one of his in the Palace of Westminster.
Sources
- Brian Andrews, Creating a Gothic Paradise: Pugin at the Antipodes, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, 2001. Exhibition catalogue.
- Michael Fisher, Alexandra Wedgwood, Pugin-Land: A W N Pugin, Lord Shrewsbury and the Gothic Revival in Staffordshire, Stafford Fisher, 2002.
- Rachel Hasted, Scarisbrick Hall – A Guide, Social History at Lancashire County Museum Service, 1984.
- Rosemary Hill, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin: A Biographical Sketch, in A.W.N. Pugin: Master of Gothic Revival, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 1995.
- Rosemary Hill. God's Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain. Allen Lane, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7139-9499-5
- A. Pugin and A.W. Pugin, Gothic Architecture selected from various Ancient Edifices in England, Vols. 1 and 2, J.R. Jansen, Carlton Building, Cleveland, OH, USA, 1927 (Published in five volumes between 1821 and 1838)
External links
- Pugin Society
- Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin 1812–1852, A comprehensive overview of Pugin's life with nearly 400 images
- The Pugin Foundation - Australian Works of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
- New Advent Catholic encyclopaedia, Pugin entry
- St Giles' Roman Catholic Church, CheadleCheadle, StaffordshireCheadle is a small market town near Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, with a population of 12,158 according to the 2001 census. It is roughly from the city of Stoke-on-Trent, north of Birmingham and south of Manchester...
, Staffordshire with 360° images of the interior - Papers of AWN Pugin at the UK Parliamentary Archives
- "Pugin's manifesto": an essay on Pugin's early work from TLS, 1 August 2007.
- A Victorian Novel in Stone: the Houses of Parliament tell the story of Britain's past and its peculiar constitution The Wall Street Journal, 21 March 2009